Transborder cooperation and identities in Galicia and Northern Portugal

Geopolitics

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 79-107

  Palmeiro Pinheiro, José Luís ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL IDENTITY; IDEOLOGY; NATIONALISM; POLITICAL BORDER; POLITICAL BOUNDARY;

EURASIA; EUROPE; GALICIA [SPAIN]; PORTUGAL; SOUTHERN EUROPE; SPAIN;

EID: 61449099492     PISSN: 14650045     EISSN: 15573028     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14650040802578674     Document Type: Article

References (92)

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2. G. Lacquement, 'Recompositions territoriales dans l'ancienne zone-frontière interallemande depuis la réunification', Revue de l'économie méridionale 192/48 (April 2000) p. 418.
3. See also G. Lacquement et al., 'Géographie de la frontière interallemande depuis la réunification', Territoires en mutation 9 April 2002).
4. J. C. Gay, Les discontinuités spatiales (Paris: Economica 1995) p. 43.
5. Z. Bray, Boundaries and Identities in Bidasoa-Txingudi, on the Franco-Spanish frontier (Florence: European University Institute 2002) pp. 4-6.
6. D. Newman and A. Paasi, 'Fences and Neighbours in the postmodern World: Boundary Narratives in Political Geography', Progress in Human Geography 22/2 (1998) pp. 186-207, available at , accessed 3 Sept. 2007.
7. Ibid.
8. A. Paasi, 'The Changing Discourses on Political Boundaries. Mapping the Backgrounds, Contexts and Contents', in H. Van Houtum, O. Kramsch, and W. Zierhofer (eds.), B/ordering Space (Aldershot: Ashgate 2005) pp. 17-31.
9. J. D. Sidaway, 'The Poetry of Boundaries. Reflections from the Portuguese-Spanish Borderlands', in H. Van Houtum, O. Kramsch, and W. Zierhofer (eds.), B/ordering Space (Aldershot: Ashgate 2005) pp. 189-206.
10. For a detailed analysis on transport and mobility across the Spanish-Portuguese border, see J. L Palmeiro and M. Pazos, 'La Eurorregión Galicia-Norte de Portugal: Una aproximación a la movilidad en el contexto ibérico', Estudios Geográficos LXIX/264 (Jan.-June 2008).
11. J. L. Palmeiro, 'The Towns of A Raia. The Frontier between Portugal and Spain', in R. Lois and J. Somoza (eds.), Urban Changes in Different Scales: Systems and Structures. An Introduction to the Urban Geography of NW Iberian Peninsula (Leon: Secretariado de Publicaciones-Universidad de Leon 2006) pp. 103-104.
12. Sidaway, 'The Poetry of Boundaries' (note 8).
13. Tratado de Limites entre Portugal e Espanha (Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional 1866) p. 1.
14. Couto Mixto was an old settlement located in the present day southeastern Galicia. What was unusual about this enclave was its maintenance of its own organisation, independently of either the Portuguese or Spanish crowns.
15. In the Povos Promiscuos, the borderline was clearly defined but crossing through the centres of the villages, and even passing through houses.
16. Sidaway, 'The Poetry of Boundaries' (note 8).
17. Paasi, 'The Changing Discourses' (note 7).
18. Ibid.
19. See, for instance, (Eixo Atlántico, (Ponte nas Ondas).
20. H. Velasco-Graciet, 'Le destin rebondissant des zones frontalières, d'espaces proscrits en espaces prescrits', in A. L. Amilhat-Szary and M. C. Fourny (eds.), Après les frontières, avec la frontière. Nouvelles dynamiques transfrontalières en Europe (La Tour d'Aigues: Editions de l'Aube 2006) pp. 71-84.
21. H. Donnan and T. M. Wilson, Borders: Frontiers of Identity, Nation and State. (Oxford and New York: Berg 2001) p. 3.
22. M. Anderson, Frontiers: Territory and State Formation in the Modern World (Cambridge: Polity 1996).
23. Paasi, 'The Changing Discourses' (note 7).
24. A. Moncusí, Fronteres, identitats nacionals i integració europea (València: Afers-Universitat de València 2005) pp. 54-55.
25. A. Paasi, Territories, Boundaries and Consciousness: The Changing Geographies of the Finnis- Russian Border (New York: John Wiley 1996)
26. V. Kolossov, 'Border Studies: Changing Perspectives and Theoretical Approaches', Geopolitics 10/4 (2005) pp. 606-632.
27. Paasi, 'The Changing Discourses' (note 7) p. 23.
28. E. Martín and J. Pujadas, 'Movilización étnica, ciudadania, transnacionalización y redefinición de fronteras: Una aproximación al tema', in E. Martín, J. Pujadas, and J. Pais de Brito (coord.), Globalización, fronteras culturales y políticas, y ciudadanía (Santiago de Compostela: Actas del VIII Congreso de Antropología 1999) p. 11.
29. J. McGarry, M. Keating, and M. Moore, 'Introduction: European Integration and the Nationalities Question', in J. McGarry and M. Keating (eds.), European Integration and the Nationalities Question (New York: Routledge 2006) pp. 1-20.
30. M. Keating, 'Europe, the State and the Nation', in J. McGarry and M. Keating (eds.), European Integration and the Nationalities Question (New York: Routledge 2006) pp. 23-34.
31. Donnan and Wilson (note 20) p. 6.
32. M. Castells, La era de la información. Economía, sociedad y cultura. Fin de milenio, Vol. 3 (Madrid: Alianza 1998) pp. 351-353.
33. J. D. Sidaway, 'Rebuilding Bridges: A Critical Geopolitics of Iberian Transfrontier Cooperation in a European Context', Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 19 (2001) pp. 743-778.
34. Keating (note 28).
35. J. Escalera, 'Territorios, límites, fronteras: Construcción social del espacio e identificaciones colectivas', in E. Martín, J. Pujadas, and J. Pais de Brito (coord.), Globalización, fronteras culturales y políticas, y ciudadanía (Santiago de Compostela: Actas del VIII Congreso de Antropología 1999) pp. 99-108.
36. The first Galician official representation abroad was open by the end of 2007 in Buenos Aires (Argentina).
37. CPLP is the Comunidade de Países de Língua Portuguesa (Community of Countries of Portuguese Language), formed currently by eight sovereign states: Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Angola, Mozambique and East Timor. It has existed since 1996 and its general goal is the cooperation in social, cultural and economic domains, as well as the international visibility of this group of countries.
38. The Estatutos are the self-government documents of the Spanish Autonomous Regions, containing the competences and regulations exercised by the autonomous political systems.
39. This summary is based on the articles of the three main political leaders of the moment in Galicia, as quoted in Tempo Exterior 3 (2001), obtained 6 June 2006 from .
40. H. Van Houtum, O. Kramsch, and W. Zierhofer, 'B/ordering Space', in H. Van Houtum, O. Kramsch, and W. Zierhofer (eds.), B/ordering Space (Aldershot: Ashgate 2005) pp. 1-13.
41. Newman and Paasi (note 5).
42. Sidaway, 'Rebuilding Bridges' (note 32).
43. Ibid.
44. A. Lagendijk, 'Regionalization in Europe. Stories, Institutions and Boundaries', in H. Van Houtum, O. Kramsch, and W. Zierhofer (eds.), B/ ordering Space (Aldershot: Ashgate 2005) pp. 77-91.
45. Sidaway, 'The Poetry of Boundaries' (note 8).
46. The Minho is the river that designs a part of the Galician-Portuguese boundary and it is also a historic Portuguese region, situated in the northwestern corner of the country. This is a quite symbolic region in Portuguese imagery, being the most ancient and the "radle" of Portuguese independence in the Middle Ages. In addition, this Portuguese region holds, until now, large cultural similarities with neighbouring Galicia.
47. R. C. Lois González, J. L. Palmeiro Piñeiro, and M. Pazos Otón, 'Integration, Memory and Cultural Heritage in Galicia-Northern Portugal Border Region', Nordia Geographical Publications Yearbook 2007 (The Changing Cultural Geographies of Place, Region and Mobility) 36/4 (2008) pp. 23-34.
48. J. D. Sidaway and M. Power, 'The Tears of Portugal: Empire, Identity, 'Race', and Destiny in Portuguese Geopolitical Narratives', Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 23 (2005) pp. 527-554.
49. Lagendijk (note 44) p. 78.
50. Newman and Paasi (note 5).
51. J. M. Colomer, Grandes imperios, pequeñas naciones (Barcelona: Anagrama 2006).
52. Sidaway, 'The Poetry of Boundaries' (note 8).
53. D. Newman, 'The Lines that Continue to Separate Us: Borders in Our 'Borderless' World', Progress in Human Geography 30/2 (2006) pp. 143-161, available at , accessed 3 Sept. 2007.
54. P. Weichhart, 'On Paradigms and Doctrines. The "Euroregio of Salzburg" as a Bordered Space', in H. Van Houtum, O. Kramsch, and W. Zierhofer (eds.), B/ordering Space (Aldershot: Ashgate 2005) pp. 93-108.
55. J. Anderson, L. O'Dowd, and T. M. Wilson, 'Why Study Borders Now?', in J. Anderson, L. O'Dowd, and T. M. Wilson (eds.), New Borders for a Changing Europe: Cross-Border Cooperation and Governance (London: Frank Cass 2003) p. 10.
56. Meaning "Atlantic Axis" this is an association formed by the most important cities and towns in the Galicia-Northern Portugal Euro-region dedicated to the creation and consolidation of an integrated urban system in the Atlantic coast of Iberia. Vigo and Porto are the founder and leading cities in this association.
57. Donnan and Wilson (note 20) p. 56.
58. Ibid., p. 54.
59. U. Beck, I rischi della libertà. L'individuo nell'epoca della globalizzazione (Bologna: Il Mulino 2000) pp. 178-179.
60. Xunta de Galicia, Eurorrexión Galicia-Norte de Portugal Programa de Acción Exterior 2000- 2004 (Santiago de Compostela: Xunta 2000).
61. P. González, P. Losa, and M. Puñal, 'Cooperación transfronteriza y relaciones luso-galaicas, con especial referencia a la política cultural: Bases jurídico-internacionales para su institucionalización', Foro Gallego 183 (1987) pp. 56-57.
62. Weichhart (note 53).
63. O. J. Martínez, Border People: Life and Society in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands (Tucson: The University of Arizona Press 1994) p. 352.
64. P. Sahlins, Boundaries: The making of France and Spain in the Pyrenees (Berkeley: University of California 1989) p. 8.
65. Donnan and Wilson (note 20) p. 75.
66. Ibid., p. 60.
67. A. Strüver, 'Bor(der)ing Stories. Spaces of Absence along the Dutch-German Border', in H. Van Houtum, O. Kramsch, and W. Zierhofer (eds.), B/ordering Space (Aldershot: Ashgate 2005) pp. 207-221.
68. Donnan and Wilson (note 20) p. 57.
69. Van Houtum, Kramsch, and Zierhofer (note 38) p. 3.
70. Donnan and Wilson (note 20) p. 79.
71. M. A. Hily, 'Négociation et transgression à la frontière luso-espagnole', Lusotopie (1996) pp. 50-55.
72. EURES Norte de Portugal-Galiza: .
73. Eixo Atlántico: Turgalicia-Conselleria de Innovación e Industria, Estudo estatístico sobre o excursionismo en Galicia (Santiago de Compostela: Xunta de Galicia 2006) and IGE/INE, Caracterizaçâo da área de fronteira Norte de Portugal-Galiza (Santiago de Compostela: Consellería de Economía e Facenda 2005).
74. V. Paül, S. Labraña, and E. Ramos, 'A Raia na encrucillada' (unpublished 2005).
75. Eixo Atlántico, Galiza-Norte de Portugal: Duas regioes, uma euro-regiao construindo a Europa dos cidadaos (Vigo-Porto: Eixo Atlántico 2004) p. 12.
76. Moncusí (note 23).
77. R. C. Lois González, 'Galice-Portugal: Des relations transnationales privilégiées dans la Péninsule Ibérique', Sud-ouest européen: Revue géographique des Pyrénnées et du Sud-ouest 18 (2004) pp. 31-40.
78. Comunidade de Trabalho Norte de Portugal-Galiza, A Tradiçâo Oral: Uma heran&a para o futuro! (Vigo-Porto: Xunta de Galicia-CCDRN 2004).
79. R. C. Lois González, 'El Eje Urbano Atlántico Galicia-Norte de Portugal', in L. López Trigal, R. C. Lois, and F. Guichard (coords.), La articulación territorial en la raya hispano-portuguesa (Zamora: Fundación Rei Afonso Henriques 1997) pp. 137-141.
80. Velasco-Graciet (note 19).
81. Newman and Paasi (note 5).
82. Strüver (note 66).
83. Ibid.
84. F. Guichard, 'La dimensión transfronteriza o la historia confrontada con lo económico y lo político, Galicia-Portugal', in L. López Trigal, R. C. Lois, and F. Guichard (coords.), La articulación territorial en la raya hispano-portuguesa (Zamora: Fundación Rei Afonso Henriques 1997) pp. 35-45.
85. O. Ribeiro, Portugal, o Mediterrâneo e o Atlántico (Lisboa: Joao Sá da Costa 1993) pp. 221.
86. Weichhart (note 53).
87. L. O'Dowd, 'The Changing Significance of European Borders', in J. Anderson, L. O'Dowd, and T. M. Wilson (eds.), New Borders for a Changing Europe: Cross-Border Cooperation and Governance (London: Frank Cass 2003) p. 24.
88. S. Góóómez Saborido, 'Unha Eurorrexión de seu: A proxección exterior de Galicia-Norte de Portugal', Tempo Exterior 3 (2001), available at , accessed 6 June 2006.
89. L. O'Dowd (note 86) p. 14.
90. G. Di Méo, Géographie sociale et territoires (Paris: Nathan 1998) p. 317.
91. L. O'Dowd (note 86) p. 31.