Primary and secondary control strategies: Implications for health and well-being among older adults

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 165-197

  Haynes, Tara L ^a   Heckhausen, Jutta ^b   Chipperfield, Judith G ^a   Perry, Raymond P ^a   Newall, Nancy E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61449090576     PISSN: 07367236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2009.28.2.165     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Bailis, D. S., Chipperfield, J. G., & Perry, R. P. (2005). optimistic social comparisons of older adults low in primary control: A prospective analysis of hospitalization and mortality. Health Psychology, 24, 393-401.
2. Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267-283.
3. Cheng, C., Hui, W., & Lam, S. (1999). Coping style of individuals with functional dyspepsia. Psychosomatic Medicine, 61, 789-795.
4. Chipperfield, J. G., Campbell, D. W., & Perry, R. P. (2004). Stability in perceived control: Implications for health among very-old community dwelling adults. Journal of Aging and Health, 16, 116-147.
5. Chipperfield, J. G., Havens, B., & Doig, W. D. (1997). Method and description of the aging in manitoba project: A 20-year longitudinal study. Canadian Journal on Aging, 16, 606-625.
6. Chipperfield, J. G., & Perry, R. P. (2006). Primary- and secondary-control strategies in later life: Predicting hospital outcomes in men and women. Health Psychology, 25, 226-236.
7. Chipperfield, J. G., Perry, R. P., Bailis, D. S., Ruthig, J. C., & Chuchmach, L. P. (2007). Gender differences in use of primary and secondary-control strategies in older adults with major health problems. Psychology and Health, 22, 83-105.
8. Chipperfield, J. G., Perry, R. P., & Menec, V. H. (1999). Primary and secondary controlenhancing strategies: Implications for health in later life. Journal of Aging and Health, 11, 517-539.
9. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396.
10. Fiori, K. L., Antonucci, T. C., & Cortina, K. S. (2006). Social network typologies and mental health among older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological and Social Sciences, 61B, 25-32.
11. Ford, G., & Taylor, R. (1983). Differential aging: An exploratory approach using cluster analysis. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 18(2), 141-157.
12. Hall, M., Havens, B., Black, C., Carrier, K. C., Chipperfield, J. G., Kyle, B., (1997). Aging in Manitoba Study 1996: A twenty-five year longitudinal study. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
13. Heckhausen, J. (1997). Developmental regulation across adulthood: Primary and secondary control of age-related challenges. Developmental Psychology, 33, 176-187.
14. Heckhausen, J. (2003, May). The life-span theory of control as a paradigm to study illness and disability in old age. UC/APA Conference on Health Psychology and Aging, Lake Arrowhead, CA.
15. Heckhausen, J., & Schulz, R. (1995). A life-span theory of control. Psychological Review, 102, 284-304.
16. Heckhausen, J., & Schulz, R. (1998). Developmental regulation in adulthood: Selection and compensation via primary and secondary control. In J. Heckhausen & C. S. Dweck (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulation across the life span (pp. 50-77). New York: Cambridge University Press.
17. Heckhausen, J., & Schulz, R. (1999). The primacy of primary control is a human universal: A reply to Gould's (1999) critique of the Life-Span Theory of Control. Psychological Review, 106, 605-609.
18. Heckhausen, J., Wrosch, C., & Fleeson, W. (2001). Developmental regulation before and after a developmental deadline: The sample case of "biological clock" for child-bearing. Psychology and Aging, 16, 400-413.
19. Huberty, C. J., Jordan, E. M., & Brandt, C. (2005). Cluster analysis in higher education research. In J. Smart (Ed.) Handbook of Higher Education. Memphis: Algora Press.
20. Kaiser, H. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 141-151.
21. Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist, 9, 179-186.
22. Lazarus, R. S. (1996). The role of coping in the emotions and how coping changes over the life course. In C. Magai & S. H. McFadden (Eds.) Handbook of emotion, adult development, and aging (pp. 289-306). San Diego: Academic Press.
23. Litwin, H. (2001). Social network type and morale in old age. Gerontologist, 41, 516-524.
24. Manini, T. M., Cook, S. B., VanArnam, T., Marko, M., & Ploutz, L. (2006). Evaluating task modification as an objective measure of functional limitation: Repeatability and comparability. Journal of Gerontology: Biological and Medical Sciences, 61A, 718-725.
25. Milligan, G. W., & Cooper, M. C. (1987). Methodology review: Clustering methods. Applied Psychological Measurement, 11, 329-354.
26. O'Rourke, N., & Cappeliez, P. (2002). Perceived control, coping, and expressed burden among spouses of suspected dementia patients: Analysis of the goodness-of-fit hypothesis. Canadian Journal on Aging, 21, 385-392.
27. Peng, Y. (1993). Primary and secondary control in American and Chinese adults: Crosscultural and life-span perspectives. Unpublished Dissertation, Brandeis University.
28. Peng, Y., & Lachman, M. E. (1994, July). Primary and secondary control: Cross-cultural and life-span developmental perspective. Paper presented at the 13th Biennial Meeting of Institutional Society for the Study of Behavioral Development. Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
29. Rosenberg, S. J., Hayes, J. R., & Peterson, R. A. (1987). Revising the seriousness of illness rating scale: Modernization and re-standardization. Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 17, 85-92.
30. Rothbaum, F., Weisz, J. R., & Snyder, S. S. (1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 5-37.
31. Ruthig, J. C., Chipperfield, J. G., Newall, N. E., Perry, R. P., & Hall, N. C. (2007). Detrimental effects of falling on health and well-being in later life: The protective roles of perceived control and optimism. Journal of Health Psychology 12, 231-248.
32. Smith, J., & Baltes, M. M. (1998). Role of gender in very old age: Profiles of functioning and everyday life patterns. Psychology and Aging, 13, 676-695.
33. Stevens, J. P. (2002). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences, (4th ed). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
34. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics, (5th ed.), Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
35. Wahl, H.-W., Schilling, o., & Becker, S. (2007). Age-related macular degeneration and change in psychological control: Role of time since diagnosis and functional ability. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological and Social Sciences, 62B, 90-97.
36. Ward, J. H. (1963). Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58, 236-244.
37. Wrosch, C., Dunne, E., Scheier, M. F., & Schulz, R. (2006). Self-regulation of common age-related challenges: Benefits for older adults' psychological and physical health. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 299-306.
38. Wrosch, C., & Heckhausen, J. (1999). Control process before and after passing a developmental deadline. Activation and deactivation of intimate relationship goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 415-427.
39. Wrosch, C., Heckhausen, J., & Lachman, M. E. (2000). Primary and secondary control strategies for managing health and financial stress across adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 15, 387-348.
40. Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Schulz, R. (2003). The importance of goal disengagement in adaptive self-regulation: When giving up is beneficial. Self and Identity, 2, 1-20.
41. Wrosch, C., Schulz, R., & Heckhausen, J. (2002). Health stresses and depressive symptomatology in the elderly: The importance of health engagement control strategies. Health Psychology, 21, 1-9.
42. Wrosch, C., Schulz, R., Miller, G. E., Lupien, S., & Dunne, E. (2007). Physical health problems, depressive mood, and cortisol secretion in old age: Buffer effects of health engagement control strategies. Health Psychology, 26, 341-349.
43. Wyler, A. R., Masuda, M., & Holmes, T. H. (1968). Seriousness of illness rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 363-374.