Post-zionist critique on Israel and the Palestinians part I: The academic debate

Journal of Palestine Studies

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 29-41

  Pappé, Ilan ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

^b Inst for Peace Res Givat Haviva

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 6144252384     PISSN: 0377919X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2537781     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. The Israeli sociologist Uri Ram provided the most extensive explanation of this concept in his The Changing Agenda of Israeli Sociology: Theory, Ideology and Identity (New York: State University of New York Press, 1995).
2. A detailed description was provided in Ilan Pappé, "The New History of the 1948 War," Theory and Criticism, 3 (1993), pp. 95-114 [in Hebrew].
3. Yehoshua Porath, The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement, 1918-1929 (London: Frank Cass, 1974) and The Palestinian Arab National Movement, 1929-1939 (London: Frank Cass, 1977).
4. Yehoshua Porath, The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement, 1918-1929 (London: Frank Cass, 1974) and The Palestinian Arab National Movement, 1929-1939 (London: Frank Cass, 1977).
5. See for instance Yoseph Nevo, "The Palestinians and the Jewish State, 1947-48" in We Were Like Dreamers, Y. Wallach, ed. (Tel Aviv: Masada, 1985) [in Hebrew] and recently Itamar Rabinovich's, The Road Not Taken: Early Arab Negotiations (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), which ignores the Palestinian side of the story altogether.
6. See for instance Yoseph Nevo, "The Palestinians and the Jewish State, 1947-48" in We Were Like Dreamers, Y. Wallach, ed. (Tel Aviv: Masada, 1985) [in Hebrew] and recently Itamar Rabinovich's, The Road Not Taken: Early Arab Negotiations (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), which ignores the Palestinian side of the story altogether.
7. Moshe Shemesh, The Palestinian Entity, 1959-1974: Arab Politics and the PLO (London: Frank Cass, 1988).
8. Four major works were first mentioned in this wave: Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel (New York: Pantheon, 1984); Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Ilan Pappé, Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1951 (New York: Macmillan, 1988); and Avi Shlaim, Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, The Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine (Oxford: Clarendon, 1988). To these one can add Uri Bar-Joseph, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948 (London: Frank Cass, 1987); Michael J. Cohen, Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945-1948 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); and Tom Segev, 1949: The First Israelis (New York: Free Press, 1992).
9. Four major works were first mentioned in this wave: Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel (New York: Pantheon, 1984); Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Ilan Pappé, Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1951 (New York: Macmillan, 1988); and Avi Shlaim, Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, The Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine (Oxford: Clarendon, 1988). To these one can add Uri Bar-Joseph, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948 (London: Frank Cass, 1987); Michael J. Cohen, Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945-1948 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); and Tom Segev, 1949: The First Israelis (New York: Free Press, 1992).
10. Four major works were first mentioned in this wave: Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel (New York: Pantheon, 1984); Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Ilan Pappé, Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1951 (New York: Macmillan, 1988); and Avi Shlaim, Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, The Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine (Oxford: Clarendon, 1988). To these one can add Uri Bar-Joseph, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948 (London: Frank Cass, 1987); Michael J. Cohen, Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945-1948 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); and Tom Segev, 1949: The First Israelis (New York: Free Press, 1992).
11. Four major works were first mentioned in this wave: Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel (New York: Pantheon, 1984); Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Ilan Pappé, Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1951 (New York: Macmillan, 1988); and Avi Shlaim, Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, The Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine (Oxford: Clarendon, 1988). To these one can add Uri Bar-Joseph, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948 (London: Frank Cass, 1987); Michael J. Cohen, Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945-1948 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); and Tom Segev, 1949: The First Israelis (New York: Free Press, 1992).
12. Four major works were first mentioned in this wave: Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel (New York: Pantheon, 1984); Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Ilan Pappé, Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1951 (New York: Macmillan, 1988); and Avi Shlaim, Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, The Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine (Oxford: Clarendon, 1988). To these one can add Uri Bar-Joseph, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948 (London: Frank Cass, 1987); Michael J. Cohen, Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945-1948 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); and Tom Segev, 1949: The First Israelis (New York: Free Press, 1992).
13. Four major works were first mentioned in this wave: Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel (New York: Pantheon, 1984); Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Ilan Pappé, Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1951 (New York: Macmillan, 1988); and Avi Shlaim, Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, The Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine (Oxford: Clarendon, 1988). To these one can add Uri Bar-Joseph, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948 (London: Frank Cass, 1987); Michael J. Cohen, Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945-1948 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); and Tom Segev, 1949: The First Israelis (New York: Free Press, 1992).
14. Four major works were first mentioned in this wave: Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel (New York: Pantheon, 1984); Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Ilan Pappé, Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1951 (New York: Macmillan, 1988); and Avi Shlaim, Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, The Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine (Oxford: Clarendon, 1988). To these one can add Uri Bar-Joseph, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948 (London: Frank Cass, 1987); Michael J. Cohen, Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945-1948 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); and Tom Segev, 1949: The First Israelis (New York: Free Press, 1992).
15. Ilan Pappé, The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947-1951 (New York: I. B. Tauris, 1992), pp. 102-35.
16. Almost all the new historians mentioned in endnote 6 have dealt with this tacit understanding, referred to by Avi Shlaim as a "collusion."
17. See Ilan Pappé, Britain.
18. See Walid Khalidi, "Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine," in Middle East Forum, November 1961, reproduced with a new commentary in JPS 18, no. 1 (Autumn 1988), pp. 4-70.
19. See Walid Khalidi, "Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine," in Middle East Forum, November 1961, reproduced with a new commentary in JPS 18, no. 1 (Autumn 1988), pp. 4-70.
20. See Morris, Refugees . For a discussion on the difference between the two narratives and my own position that accepts that there was a master plan, see Pappé, The Making, 203-43.
21. See Morris, Refugees . For a discussion on the difference between the two narratives and my own position that accepts that there was a master plan, see Pappé, The Making, 203-43.
22. These claims are made by Morris and Pappé in particular.
23. Uri Ram represents this approach; see Uri Ram, ed., Israeli Society: Critical Perspectives (Tel Aviv: Brerot, 1993), introduction [in Hebrew].
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid., 18-25.
26. A notable example is Sami Smooha, Israel: Pluralism and Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978) and Yonathan Shapira, "The Historical Origins of Israeli Democracy" in Israeli Democracy Under Stress, Ehud Sprinzak and Lany Diamond, eds. (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1993).
27. A notable example is Sami Smooha, Israel: Pluralism and Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978) and Yonathan Shapira, "The Historical Origins of Israeli Democracy" in Israeli Democracy Under Stress, Ehud Sprinzak and Lany Diamond, eds. (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1993).
28. This approach is particularly evident in Anita Shapira, Visions in Conflict, (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1988) [in Hebrew].
29. See Uri Ram, "The Colonization Perspective in Israeli Sociology," in Journal of Historical Sociology 6, no. 3 (September 1993), pp. 327-50 and Gershon Shafir, Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1882-1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
30. See Uri Ram, "The Colonization Perspective in Israeli Sociology," in Journal of Historical Sociology 6, no. 3 (September 1993), pp. 327-50 and Gershon Shafir, Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1882-1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
31. Baruch Kimmerling, Zionism and Territory: The Socio-Territorial Dimensions of Zionist Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983), and Shafir, Land.
32. Baruch Kimmerling, Zionism and Territory: The Socio-Territorial Dimensions of Zionist Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983), and Shafir, Land.
33. Moshe Lissak in an interview in Davar, 18 March 1994; and Yaakov Katz in an interview in Ha'Aretz, 18 November 1994.
34. Moshe Lissak in an interview in Davar, 18 March 1994; and Yaakov Katz in an interview in Ha'Aretz, 18 November 1994.
35. On museums see Tamar Katriel, "Remaking Place: Cultural Production in an Israeli Pioneer Settlement Museum," History and Memory 5, no. 2 (Fall-Winter 1993), pp. 104-35; and Ariela Azoulay, "With Open Doors; Museums and History and the Israeli Public Space," Theory and Criticism, 4 (1993), pp. 79-96 [in Hebrew].
36. On museums see Tamar Katriel, "Remaking Place: Cultural Production in an Israeli Pioneer Settlement Museum," History and Memory 5, no. 2 (Fall-Winter 1993), pp. 104-35; and Ariela Azoulay, "With Open Doors; Museums and History and the Israeli Public Space," Theory and Criticism, 4 (1993), pp. 79-96 [in Hebrew].
37. On Israeli Orientalism, see Azmi Beshara, "On the Question of the Palestinian Minority in Israel," Theory and Criticism, 3 (1993), pp. 7-21; Gil Eyal, "Between East and West: The Discourse on the Arab Village in Israel," Theory and Criticism, 3 (1993), pp. 39-56; and Dan Rabinowitz, "Oriental Nostalgia: The Transformation of the Palestinians into 'Israeli Arabs,'" Theory and Criticism, 4 (1993), pp. 141-52.
38. On Israeli Orientalism, see Azmi Beshara, "On the Question of the Palestinian Minority in Israel," Theory and Criticism, 3 (1993), pp. 7-21; Gil Eyal, "Between East and West: The Discourse on the Arab Village in Israel," Theory and Criticism, 3 (1993), pp. 39-56; and Dan Rabinowitz, "Oriental Nostalgia: The Transformation of the Palestinians into 'Israeli Arabs,'" Theory and Criticism, 4 (1993), pp. 141-52.
39. On Israeli Orientalism, see Azmi Beshara, "On the Question of the Palestinian Minority in Israel," Theory and Criticism, 3 (1993), pp. 7-21; Gil Eyal, "Between East and West: The Discourse on the Arab Village in Israel," Theory and Criticism, 3 (1993), pp. 39-56; and Dan Rabinowitz, "Oriental Nostalgia: The Transformation of the Palestinians into 'Israeli Arabs,'" Theory and Criticism, 4 (1993), pp. 141-52.
40. Smooha already had viewed these positions in the late 1970s (see Smooha, Israel), as did Sara Kazir and Shlomo Swirski in "Ashkenazim and Sephardim: The Making of Dependence," in Mahbarot le-Mehkar ve-Bikoret 1 (1978), pp. 21-59 [in Hebrew].
41. Smooha already had viewed these positions in the late 1970s (see Smooha, Israel), as did Sara Kazir and Shlomo Swirski in "Ashkenazim and Sephardim: The Making of Dependence," in Mahbarot le-Mehkar ve-Bikoret 1 (1978), pp. 21-59 [in Hebrew].
42. Many of the "new sociologists" have contributed in this vein to Ram, Israeli Sociology.
43. See Ram, Changing Agenda.
44. Tom Segev, The Seventh Million (New York: Hill and Wang, 1989); and Idit Zartal, From Catastrophe to Power (Tel Aviv: Keter, 1996) [In Hebrew it is called The Jews' Gold].
45. Tom Segev, The Seventh Million (New York: Hill and Wang, 1989); and Idit Zartal, From Catastrophe to Power (Tel Aviv: Keter, 1996) [In Hebrew it is called The Jews' Gold].
46. See Uri Ben-Eliezer, The Emergence of Israeli Militarism, 1936-1956 (Tel Aviv: Chrikover, 1995)
47. Benny Morris, Israel's Border Wars: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War (Oxford: Clarendon, 1993).
48. These include Ben-Eliezer, Emergence; Shulamit Carmi and Henry Rosenfeld, "The Emergence of Nationalistic Militarism in Israel," International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 3, no. 1 (1989), pp. 5-49; Avishai Erlich, "Israel: Conflict, War and Social Change, in The Sociology of War and Peace, Colin Creighton and Martin Shaw, eds. (London: Macmillan, 1987), pp. 121-43; and Baruch Kimmerling, "Patterns of Militarism in Israel," Archieve European Sociologie 34 (1993), pp. 196-223.
49. These include Ben-Eliezer, Emergence; Shulamit Carmi and Henry Rosenfeld, "The Emergence of Nationalistic Militarism in Israel," International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 3, no. 1 (1989), pp. 5-49; Avishai Erlich, "Israel: Conflict, War and Social Change, in The Sociology of War and Peace, Colin Creighton and Martin Shaw, eds. (London: Macmillan, 1987), pp. 121-43; and Baruch Kimmerling, "Patterns of Militarism in Israel," Archieve European Sociologie 34 (1993), pp. 196-223.
50. These include Ben-Eliezer, Emergence; Shulamit Carmi and Henry Rosenfeld, "The Emergence of Nationalistic Militarism in Israel," International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 3, no. 1 (1989), pp. 5-49; Avishai Erlich, "Israel: Conflict, War and Social Change, in The Sociology of War and Peace, Colin Creighton and Martin Shaw, eds. (London: Macmillan, 1987), pp. 121-43; and Baruch Kimmerling, "Patterns of Militarism in Israel," Archieve European Sociologie 34 (1993), pp. 196-223.
51. These include Ben-Eliezer, Emergence; Shulamit Carmi and Henry Rosenfeld, "The Emergence of Nationalistic Militarism in Israel," International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 3, no. 1 (1989), pp. 5-49; Avishai Erlich, "Israel: Conflict, War and Social Change, in The Sociology of War and Peace, Colin Creighton and Martin Shaw, eds. (London: Macmillan, 1987), pp. 121-43; and Baruch Kimmerling, "Patterns of Militarism in Israel," Archieve European Sociologie 34 (1993), pp. 196-223.
52. Yagil Levy, "A Militaristic Policy, Interethnic Relationship and Domestic Expansion of the State: Israel 1948-1956," Theory and Criticism, 8 (1996), pp. 203-24 [in Hebrew].
53. Ella Shohat, Israeli Cinema: East/ West and the Politics of Representation (Texas: University of Texas Press, 1989).
54. Among them Azmi Bishara, Aziz Faisal, Asad Ghanim, Majid al-Haj, Nadim Rawhana, Khail Rinnawi, Ahmad Saadi, and others in an ever-growing community.
55. See for instance "A Symposium on Post-Zionism," Ha'Aretz, 15 October 1995.
56. At one point a public debate was attended by over 700 people at Tel Aviv University in July 1994. See the condemnation by Shlomo Aharonson in "The New Historians and the Challenge of the Holocaust," Ha'Aretz, 24 June 1994.