Russian in Latvia: An outlook for bilingualism in a post-Soviet transitional society

International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-13

  Dilans, Gatis ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

Author keywords

L1 L2; Language and nationalism; Post Soviet Latvia; Russian; Societal bilingualism

Indexed keywords

EID: 61349202904     PISSN: 13670050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13670050802149481     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. August, D., and K. Hakuta. 1997, Improving schooling for language-minority children: A research agenda. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
2. Baker, C., and S.P. Jones. 1998. Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education. Clevedon, Philadelphia, PA: Multilingual Matters.
3. Baltic Institute of Social Sciences. 2004. Society integration and business: The ethnic dimension. Riga, Latvia: Baltic Institute of Social Sciences.
4. -. 2008. Language. Riga: Baltic Institute of Social Sciences.
5. Barbour, S. 1998. Reflections on nationalism and language: A response to Miquel Strubell. Current Issues in Language and Society 5, no. 3: 194-8.
6. -. 2000. Nationalism, language, Europe. In Language and nationalism in Europe, ed. S. Barbour and C. Carmichael, 1-17. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
7. Barbour, S., and C. Carmichael. 2000. Language and nationalism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
8. Björklund, F. 2004. Ethnic politics and the Soviet legacy in Latvian post-communist education: The place of language. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 10: 105-34.
9. Cook, R. 2004. Canada: A post-nationalist nation? In The shifting foundations of modern nation-states: Realignments of belonging, ed. S. Godfrey and E Linger, 17-34. Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press.
10. Cooper, R.L. 1989. Language planning and social change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
11. Diena. 2007. Mēs büsim konkurētspēj̄cr;gaki. May 28.
12. Druviete, I. 1997. Linguistic human rights in the Baltic States. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 127: 161-85.
13. -. 2000. Sociolinguistic situation and language policy in the Baltic States. Riga, Latvia: The University of Latvia.
14. Edwards, J. 1985. Language, society and identity. New York: B. Blackwell.
15. -. 1994. Multilingualism. London: Routledge.
16. Franklin, S., and E. Widdis. 2004. All the Russias.? In National identity in Russian culture, ed. S. Franklin and E. Widdis, 1-8. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
17. Gellner, E. 1997. Nationalism. Washington Square, NY: New York University Press.
18. Heller, M. 1999. Alternative ideologies of la francophonie. Journal of Sociolinguistics 3, no. 3: 336-59.
19. -. 2003. Globalization, the new economy, and the commodification of language and identity. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7, no. 4: 473-92.
20. Hoffmann, C. 1991. An introduction to hilingualism. Harlow: Longman.
21. Hogan-Brun, G. 2006. At the interface of language ideology and practice: The public discourse surrounding the 2004 education reform in Latvia. Language Policy 5: 313-35.
22. Kamusella, T. 2001. Language as an instrument of nationalism in Central Europe. Nations and Nationalism 7, no. 2: 235-51.
23. Laitin, D.D. 1998. Nationalism and language: A post-Soviet perspective. In The state of the nation, ed. J.A. Hall, 135-57. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
24. Langman, J. 2002. Mother-tongue education versus bilingual education: Shifting ideologies and policies in the Republic of Slovakia. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 154: 47-64.
25. Metuzale-Kangere, B., and U. Ozolins. 2005. The language situation in Latvia 1850-2004. Journal of Baltic Studies 36, no. 3: 317-44.
26. MOES (Ministry of Education and Science of Latvia). 2004. Education for ethnic minorities: General education programmes. http://www.izm.gov.lv/ (accessed June 12, 2008).
27. Ose, L., ed. 2002. Veeāku rokasgrāmata: divvalod̄gi bērni. [A guide for parents: bilingual children]. Riga, Latvia: SFL.
28. Ozolins, U. 1999. Between Russian and European hegemony: Current language policy in the Baltic States. Current Issues in Language and Society 6, no. 1: 6-47.
29. Pabriks, A. 2002. Occupational representation and ethnic discrimination in Latvia. Riga, Latvia: Nordik.
30. Paulston, C.B. 1998. Linguistic minorities in Central and Eastern Europe: An introduction. In Linguistic minorities in Central and Eastern Europe, ed. C.B. Paulston and D. Peckham, 1-17. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
31. Pavlenko, A. 2006. Russian as a lingua franca. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 26: 78-99.
32. Pisarenko, O. 2006. The acculturation modes of Russian speaking adolescents in Latvia: Perceived discrimination and knowledge of the Latvian language. Europe-Asia Studies 58, no. 5: 751-73.
33. Priedite, A. 2005. Surveying language attitudes and practices in Latvia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 26, no. 5: 409-24.
34. Romanov, A. 2000. The Russian diaspora in Latvia and Estonia: Predicting language outcomes. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 21, no. 1: 58-71.
35. Schmid, C., B. Zepa, and A. Snipe. 2004. Language policy and ethnic tensions in Quebec and Latvia. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 45, nos. 3-4: 231-52.
36. Smith, G., E.A. Allworth, and V.A. Law. 1998. Nation-building in the post-Soviet borderlands: The politics of national identities. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
37. The State Language Commission (Valsts valodas komisija). 2003. The Latvian language & languages in Latvia. Riga, Latvia: Tapals.
38. Tornquist-Plewa, B. 2000. Contrasting ethnic nationalisms: Eastern Central Europe. In Language and nationalism in Europe, ed. S. Barbour and C. Carmichael, 183-220. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
39. von Busekist, A. 2004. Nationalism versus bilingualism. In Language, nation, and state: Identity politics in a multilingual age, ed. T. Judt and D. Lacorne, 105-33. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
40. Zepa, B. 2003. Citizenship, official language, bilingual education in Latvia: Public policy in the last 10 years. In Baltic states: Looking at small societies on Europe's margin, ed. C. Giordano, A. Zvinkliene, and D. Henseler, 83-97. Fribourg, Switzerland: Fribourg University Press.