Formation and evolution of the ionospheric plasma density shoulder and its relationship to the superfountain effects investigated during the 6 November 2001 great storm

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 113, Issue 12, 2008, Pages

  Horvath, Ildiko ^a   Lovell, Brian C ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61349111981     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JA013153     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Abdu, M. A., I. S. Batista, A. J. Carrasco, and C. G. M. Brura (2005), South Atlantic magnetic anomaly ionization: A review and a new focus on electrodynamic effects in the equatorial ionosphere, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 67, 1643-1657, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.01.014.
2. Alex, S., B. M. Pathan, and G. S. Lakhina (2005), Response of the low latitude geomagnetic field to the major proton event of November 2001, Adv. Space Res., 36, 2434-2439, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2004.01.026.
3. Bailey, G. J., N. Balan, and Y. Z. Su (1997), The Sheffield University plasmasphere-ionosphere model: A review, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 59, 1541-1552, doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(96)00155-l.
4. Balan, N., and G. J. Bailey (1995), Equatorial plasma fountain and its effects: Possibility of an additional layer, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21,421-21,432, doi:10.1029/95JA01555.
5. 3 layer, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2047-2056, doi:10.1029/95JA02639.
6. Balan, N., I. S. Batista, M. A. Abdu, J. MacDougall, and G. J. Bailey (1998), Physical mechanism and statistics of occurrence of an additional layer in the equatorial ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103,29,169-29,181, doi: 10.1029/98 JA02823.
7. Balan, N., I. S. Batista, M. A. Abdu, G. J. Bailey, S. Watanabe, J. MacDougall, and J. H. A. Sobral (2000), Variability of an additional layer in the equatorial ionosphere over Fortaleza, J. Geophys. Res., 105(A5), 10,603-10,613.
8. Balan, N., H. Alleyne, Y. Otsuka, D. V. Lekshmi, B. G. Fejer, and I. McCrea (2008a), Relative effects of electric field and neutral wind on positive ionospheric storms, Earth Planets Space, in press.
9. Balan, N., S. V. Thampi, K. Lynn, Y. Otsuka, H. Alleyne, S. Watanabe, M. A. Abdu, and B. G. Fejer (2008b), F3 layer during penetration electric field, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A00A07, doi:10.1029/2008JA013206.
10. Blanc, M., and A. D. Richmond (1980), The ionospheric disturbance dynamo, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 1669-1688, doi:10.1029/JA085iA04p01669.
11. Clilverd, M. A., A. J. Smith, and N. R. Thompson (1991), The annual variation in quiet time plasmaspheric electron density, determined from whistler mode group delays, Planet. Space Sci., 39, 1059-1067, doi:10.1016/0032-0633(91)90113-O.
12. Crain, D. J., R. A. Heelis, and G. J. Bailey (1993), Effects of electrical coupling on equatorial ionospheric plasma motions: When is the F region a dominant driver in the low-latitude dynamo?, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 6033-6037, doi:10.1029/92JA02195.
13. Echer, E., W. D. Gonzalez, and B. T. Tsurutani (2008), Interplanetary conditions leading to superintense geomagnetic storms (Dst ≤ -250 nT) during solar cycle 23, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L06S03, doi:10.1029/ 2007GL031755.
14. Fejer, B. G., and L. Scherliess (2001), On the variability of equatorial F region vertical plasma drifts, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 63, 893-897, doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00198-X.
15. Gonzalez, W. D., J. A. Joselyn, Y. Kamide, H. W. Kroehl, G. Rostoker, B. T. Tsurutani, and V. M. Vasyliunas (1994), What is a geomagnetic storm?, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5771-5792, doi:10.1029/93JA02867.
16. Gonzalez, W. D., B. T. Tsurutani, R. P. Lepping, and R. Schwenn (2002), Interplanetary phenomena associated with very intense geomagnetic storms, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 64, 173-181, doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(01)00082-7.
17. Hairston, M. R., R. Heelis, and F. Rich (1997), Analysis of the ionospheric cross polar cap potential drop and polar ion convection patterns during the January 1997 CME events using DMSP data, Eos Trans AGU, 78, 264.
18. Hanson, W. B., and R. J. Moffett (1966), Ionization transport effects in the equatorial F region, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 5559-5572.
19. Horvath, I. (2006), A total electron content space weather study of the nighttime Weddell Sea Anomaly of 1996/1997 southern summer with TOPEX/Poseidon radar altimetry, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A12317, doi: 10.1029/ 2006JA011679.
20. Horvath, I., and E. A. Essex (2003), The Weddell Sea Anomaly observed with the TOPEX satellite data, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 65, 693-706, doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(03)00083-X.
21. Huba, J. D., G. Joyce, S. Sazykin, R. Wolf, and R. Shapiro (2005), Simulation study of penetration electric field effects on the low-and mid-latitude ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23101, doi:10.1029/2005GL024162.
22. Imel, D. A. (1994), Evaluation of the TOPEX/Poseidon dual-frequency ionospheric correction, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 24,895-24,906, doi:10.1029/94JC01869.
23. Jee, G., R. W. Schunk, and L. Scherliess (2005), On the sensitivity of total electron content (TEC) to upper atmospheric/ionospheric parameters, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 67, 1040-1052, doi: 10.10167j.jastp.2005.04.001.
24. Kuznetsov, S. N., B. Y. Yushkov, K. Kudela, I. N. Mygkova, L. I. Starostin, and Y. I. Denisov (2005), Dynamics of the Earth's radiation belts during the magnetic storm of November 6th, 2001, Adv. Space Res., 36, 1997-2002, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2004.09.019.
25. Lekshmi, D. V., N. Balan, V. K. Vaidyan, H. Alleyne, and G. J. Bailey (2008), Response of the ionosphere to super geomagnetic storms: Observations and modelling, Adv. Space Res., 41, 548-555, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.08.029.
26. Lin, C. H., A. D. Richmond, R. A. Heelis, G. J. Bailey, G. Lu, J. Y. Liu, H. C. Yeh, and S.-Y. Su (2005), Theoretical study of the low- and midlatitude ionospheric electron density enhancement during the October 2003 superstorm: Relative importance of the neutral winds and the electric field, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A12312, doi:10.1029/2005JA011304.
27. Lu, G., L. P. Goncharenko, A. D. Richmond, R. G. Roble, and N. Aponte (2008), A dayside ionospheric positive storm phase driven by neutral winds, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A08304, doi:10.1029/2007JA012895.
28. Mannucci, A. J., B. T. Tsurutani, B. A. Iijima, A. Komjathy, A. Saito, W. D. Gonzalez, F. L. Guarnieri, J. U. Kozyra, and A. Skoug (2005), Dayside global ionospheric response to the major interplanetary events of October 29-30, 2003 "Halloween Storms", Geophys. Res. Lett, 32, L12S02, doi:10.1029/2004GL021467.
29. McCreadie, H., and T. Ivemory (2006), Equatorial electrojet as a diagnostic tool of geomagnetic field models, Earth Planets Space, 58, 885-893.
30. 2 layer anomaly belt, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 19,045-19,052, doi:10.1029/JA095iA11p19045.
31. Sojka, J. J., R. W. Schunk, and G. L. Wrenn (1988), A comparison of foF2 obtained from a time-dependent ionospheric model with Argentine Islands' data for quiet conditions, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 50, 1027-1039, doi:10.1016/0021-9169(88)9,0092-X.
32. Stone, E. C., A. M. Frandsen, R. A. Mewald, E. R. Christian, D. Maidolies, J. F. Ormes, and F. Snow (1998), The Advance Composition Explorer, Space Sci. Rev., 86, 1-22, doi:10.1023/A:1005082526237.
33. Titheridge, J. E. (1976), Plasma temperatures from Alouette 1 electron density profiles, Planet. Space Sci., 24, 247-259, doi:10.1016/0032- 0633(76)90021-0.
34. Titheridge, J. E. (1995), Winds in the ionosphere-A review, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 1681-1714, doi:10.1016/0021-9169(95)00091-F.
35. Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, F. Tang, and Y. T. Lee (1992), Great magnetic storms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 73-76, doi:10.1029/91GL02783.
36. Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, G. S. Lakhina, and S. Alex (2003), The extreme magnetic storm of 1-2 September 1859, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A7), 1268, doi:10.1029/2002JA009504.
37. Tsurutani, B., et al. (2004), Global dayside ionospheric uplift and enhancement associated with interplanetary electric fields, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A08302, doi:10.1029/2003JA010342.
38. Tsurutani, B. T., et al. (2005), The October 28, 2003 extreme EUV solar flair and resultant extreme ionospheric events: Comparison to other Halloween events and the Bastille Day events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03S09, doi:10.1029/2004GL021475.
39. Tsurutani, B. T., A. J. Mannucci, B. Iijima, F. L. Guarnieri, W. D. Gonzalez, D. L. Judge, P. Gangopadhyay, and J. Pap (2006), The extreme Halloween 2003 solar flares (and Bastille Day, 2000 Flare), ICMEs, and resultant extreme ionospheric effects: A review, Adv. Space Res., 37, 1583-1588, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.114.
40. Tsurutani, B. T., O. P. Verkhoglyadova, A. J. Mannucci, T. Araki, A. Sato, T. Tsuda, and K. Yumoto (2007), Oxygen ion uplift and satellite drag effects during the 30 October 2003 daytime superfountain event, Ann. Geophys., 25, 569-574.
41. Tsurutani, B. T., et al. (2008), Prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs) and their ionospheric effects during the great magnetic storm of 30-31 October 2003, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A05311, doi:10.1029/2007JA012879.
42. Vasyliunas, V. M. (2001), Electric field and plasma flow: What drives what?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28,2177-2180, doi:10.1029/2001GL013014.
43. Vasyliunas, V. M. (2005a), Time evolution of electric fields and currents and the generalized Ohm's law, Ann. Geophys., 23, 1347-1354.
44. Vasyliunas, V. M. (2005b), Relation between magnetic fields and electric currents in plasmas, Arm. Geophys., 23, 2589-2597.
45. Verkhoglyadova,O. P. B. T. Tsurutani, and A. I Mannucci (2006), Temporal development of dayside TEC variations during the October 30, 2003 superstorm: Matching modeling to observations, Adv. Geosci., 8, 69-77.