메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2008, Pages

Mapping land cover and estimating forest structure using satellite imagery and coarse resolution lidar in the Virgin Islands

Author keywords

Decision tree software; Discrete lidar; Forest structure; Land cover; Regression modeling; Virgin Islands

Indexed keywords

DECISION TREES; FORESTRY; LANDFORMS; LARGE DATASET; OPTICAL RADAR; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; DATA PROCESSING; IMAGE ANALYSIS; REMOTE SENSING; SATELLITES;

EID: 61349108898     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19313195     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1117/1.3063939     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0003345689 scopus 로고
    • The Ecological life zones of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
    • Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, pp
    • J. J. Ewel and J. L. Whitmore, "The Ecological life zones of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands," Forest Service research paper ITF-018, Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, pp. 72 (1973).
    • (1973) Forest Service research paper ITF-018 , pp. 72
    • Ewel, J.J.1    Whitmore, J.L.2
  • 2
    • 84875600405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The University of the Virgin Islands, Conservation Data Center, Rapid Ecological Assessment, St. Thomas, VI. U.S.A., pp. 56 (2000).
    • The University of the Virgin Islands, Conservation Data Center, "Rapid Ecological Assessment," St. Thomas, VI. U.S.A., pp. 56 (2000).
  • 3
    • 61349111189 scopus 로고
    • The natural vegetation of the Windward and Leeward Islands
    • J. S Beard, "The natural vegetation of the Windward and Leeward Islands," Geogr. Rev. 4, pp 350 (1949).
    • (1949) Geogr. Rev , vol.4 , pp. 350
    • Beard, J.S.1
  • 4
    • 35649004936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forest types and ages cleared for land development in Puerto Rico
    • doi:10.2747/1548-1603.44.4.356
    • T. Kennaway and E. H. Helmer, "The forest types and ages cleared for land development in Puerto Rico", GIScience and Remote Sensing44 (4), 356-382 (2007) [doi:10.2747/1548-1603.44.4.356].
    • (2007) GIScience and Remote Sensing44 , pp. 356-382
    • Kennaway, T.1    Helmer, E.H.2
  • 5
    • 54349103275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land cover and forest formation distributions for St. Kitts, Nevis, St. Eustatius, Grenada and Barbados from decision tree classification of cloud-cleared satellite imagery
    • In Press
    • E. H. Helmer, T. Kennaway, D. Pedreros, M. Clark, H. Marcano, L. Tieszen, T. Ruzycki, S. Schill and C. M. S. Carrington, "Land cover and forest formation distributions for St. Kitts, Nevis, St. Eustatius, Grenada and Barbados from decision tree classification of cloud-cleared satellite imagery," Caribb. J. Sci. In Press, (2008).
    • (2008) Caribb. J. Sci
    • Helmer, E.H.1    Kennaway, T.2    Pedreros, D.3    Clark, M.4    Marcano, H.5    Tieszen, L.6    Ruzycki, T.7    Schill, S.8    Carrington, C.M.S.9
  • 6
    • 35848943911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of radiometric normalization methods when filling cloud gaps in Landsat imagery
    • E. H. Helmer and B. Ruefenacht, "A comparison of radiometric normalization methods when filling cloud gaps in Landsat imagery," Can. J. Remote Sensing33(4), 325-340 (2007).
    • (2007) Can. J. Remote Sensing , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 325-340
    • Helmer, E.H.1    Ruefenacht, B.2
  • 7
    • 0036165976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidar remote sensing for ecosystem studies
    • doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0019:LRSFES]2.0.CO;2
    • M. A. Lefsky, W. B. Cohen, G. G. Parker, and D. J. Harding, "Lidar remote sensing for ecosystem studies," Bioscience 52(1), 19-30 (2002) [doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0019:LRSFES]2.0.CO;2].
    • (2002) Bioscience , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-30
    • Lefsky, M.A.1    Cohen, W.B.2    Parker, G.G.3    Harding, D.J.4
  • 8
    • 0003415087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vegetation of St
    • U. S. Virgin Islands, U.S. DOI National Park Service, Georgia
    • R. O. Woodbury and P. L. Weaver, "The vegetation of St. John and Hassel Island: U. S. Virgin Islands," U.S. DOI National Park Service, Georgia (1997).
    • (1997) John and Hassel Island
    • Woodbury, R.O.1    Weaver, P.L.2
  • 10
    • 61349155932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estate Thomas Experimental Forest: St. Criox, U.S. Virgin Islands: Research history and potential
    • IITF-30, USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, San Juan, Puerto Rico, pp
    • P. L. Weaver, "Estate Thomas Experimental Forest: St. Criox, U.S. Virgin Islands: Research history and potential', General technical Report IITF-30, USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, San Juan, Puerto Rico, pp. 62 (2006).
    • (2006) General technical Report , pp. 62
    • Weaver, P.L.1
  • 11
    • 61349096454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A summary of 20 years of forest monitoring in Cinnamon Bay watershed, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands,
    • IITF-34, USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, San Juan, Puerto Rico pp
    • P. L. Weaver, "A summary of 20 years of forest monitoring in Cinnamon Bay watershed, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands," General Technical Report IITF-34, USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, San Juan, Puerto Rico pp. 47 (2006).
    • (2006) General Technical Report , pp. 47
    • Weaver, P.L.1
  • 12
    • 33745484306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S. N. Oswalt, T. J. Brandeis, and B. P. Dimick, Phytosociology of vascular plants on an international biosphere reserve: Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, US Virgin Islands, Caribb J. Sci. 42(1), 53-66 (2006).
    • S. N. Oswalt, T. J. Brandeis, and B. P. Dimick, "Phytosociology of vascular plants on an international biosphere reserve: Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, US Virgin Islands," Caribb J. Sci. 42(1), 53-66 (2006).
  • 13
    • 2142789282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest conservation and land development in Puerto Rico
    • doi:10.1023/B:LAND. 0000018364.68514.fb
    • E. H. Helmer, "Forest conservation and land development in Puerto Rico," Landscape Ecol. 19(1), 29-40 (2004) [doi:10.1023/B:LAND. 0000018364.68514.fb].
    • (2004) Landscape Ecol , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-40
    • Helmer, E.H.1
  • 14
    • 84875588601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T. J. Brandeis and S. N. Oswalt, The status of the U.S. Virgin Islands' Forests, 2004, Resource Bulletin SRS-122, USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC (2007).
    • T. J. Brandeis and S. N. Oswalt, The status of the U.S. Virgin Islands' Forests, 2004, Resource Bulletin SRS-122, USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC (2007).
  • 15
    • 0022841911 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of tropical dry forest
    • P. G. Murphy, and A. Lugo, "Ecology of tropical dry forest", Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17, 67-88 (1986).
    • (1986) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst , vol.17 , pp. 67-88
    • Murphy, P.G.1    Lugo, A.2
  • 16
    • 0033100735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximizing land cover classification accuracies produced by decision trees at continental to global scales
    • M. A. Friedl, C. E. Bradley A. H. Strahler, "Maximizing land cover classification accuracies produced by decision trees at continental to global scales," IEEE T. Geosci. Remote 37(2), 969-977 (1999).
    • (1999) IEEE T. Geosci. Remote , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 969-977
    • Friedl, M.A.1    Bradley, C.E.2    Strahler, A.H.3
  • 17
    • 33746609273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-cover mapping in the Brazilian Amazon using SPOT-4 vegetation data and machine learning classification methods
    • M. B. Carreiras, M. C. Pereira, and E. Shimabukuro, "Land-cover mapping in the Brazilian Amazon using SPOT-4 vegetation data and machine learning classification methods," Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing 72(8), 1449-1464 (2006).
    • (2006) Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing , vol.72 , Issue.8 , pp. 1449-1464
    • Carreiras, M.B.1    Pereira, M.C.2    Shimabukuro, E.3
  • 18
    • 0033394698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidar remote sensing of the canopy structure and biophysical properties of Douglas-fir Western Hemlock forests
    • doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00052-8
    • M. A. Lefsky, W. B. Cohen, S. A. Acker, G. G. Parker, T. A. Spies, and D. J. Harding, "Lidar remote sensing of the canopy structure and biophysical properties of Douglas-fir Western Hemlock forests," Remote Sensing of Environment70(3), 339-361 (1999) [doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00052-8].
    • (1999) Remote Sensing of Environment70 , pp. 339-361
    • Lefsky, M.A.1    Cohen, W.B.2    Acker, S.A.3    Parker, G.G.4    Spies, T.A.5    Harding, D.J.6
  • 19
    • 0033102470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. E. Means, S. A. Acker, D. J. Harding, J. B. Blair, M. A. Lefsky, W. B. Cohen, M. E. Harmon, and W. A. McKee, Use of large-footprint scanning lidar to estimate forest stand characteristics in the western Cascades of Oregon, Remote Sens. Environ. 67(3), 298-308 (1999) [doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00091-1].
    • J. E. Means, S. A. Acker, D. J. Harding, J. B. Blair, M. A. Lefsky, W. B. Cohen, M. E. Harmon, and W. A. McKee, "Use of large-footprint scanning lidar to estimate forest stand characteristics in the western Cascades of Oregon," Remote Sens. Environ. 67(3), 298-308 (1999) [doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00091-1].
  • 20
    • 33744809591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • V. Thomas, P. Treitz, J. H. McCaughey and I. Morrison, Mapping stand-level boreal forest biophysical variables for a mixedwood boreal forest using lidar: an examination of scanning density, Can. J. For. Res. 36(1), 34-47 (2006) [doi:10.1139/x05-230].
    • V. Thomas, P. Treitz, J. H. McCaughey and I. Morrison, "Mapping stand-level boreal forest biophysical variables for a mixedwood boreal forest using lidar: an examination of scanning density," Can. J. For. Res. 36(1), 34-47 (2006) [doi:10.1139/x05-230].
  • 21
    • 0036144262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating tree height and tree crown properties using airborne scanning laser in a boreal nature reserve
    • E. Næsset and T. Okland, "Estimating tree height and tree crown properties using airborne scanning laser in a boreal nature reserve," Remote Sens. Environ. 79(1), 105-115(2002).
    • (2002) Remote Sens. Environ , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-115
    • Næsset, E.1    Okland, T.2
  • 22
    • 0036899720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating plot-level tree heights with lidar: Local filtering with a canopy-height based variable window size
    • doi:10.1016/S0168-1699(02)00121-7
    • S. C. Popescu, R. H. Wynee, and R. F. Nelson, "Estimating plot-level tree heights with lidar: local filtering with a canopy-height based variable window size," Comput. Electron Agr. 37(1), 71-95 (2002) [doi:10.1016/S0168-1699(02)00121-7].
    • (2002) Comput. Electron Agr , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-95
    • Popescu, S.C.1    Wynee, R.H.2    Nelson, R.F.3
  • 23
    • 11144345729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of Above ground Forest Biomass from airborne Discrete Return Laser Scanner Data Using Canopy-based Quantile Estimators
    • doi:10.1080/02827580410019490
    • K. S. Lim and P. M. Treitz, "Estimation of Above ground Forest Biomass from airborne Discrete Return Laser Scanner Data Using Canopy-based Quantile Estimators," Scand J For Res. 19(6), 558-570 (2004) [doi:10.1080/02827580410019490].
    • (2004) Scand J For Res , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 558-570
    • Lim, K.S.1    Treitz, P.M.2
  • 24
    • 5044238992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G. Patenaude, R. A. Hill, R. Milne, D. L. A. Gaveau, B. B. J. Briggs and, T. P. Dawson, Quantifying forest above ground carbon content using LiDAR remote sensing, Remote Sens. Environ. 93(3), 368-380 (2004) [doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.07.016].
    • G. Patenaude, R. A. Hill, R. Milne, D. L. A. Gaveau, B. B. J. Briggs and, T. P. Dawson, "Quantifying forest above ground carbon content using LiDAR remote sensing," Remote Sens. Environ. 93(3), 368-380 (2004) [doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.07.016].
  • 25
    • 0141885851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring individual tree crown diameter with lidar and assessing its influence on estimating forest volume and biomass
    • S. C. Popescu, R. H. Wynne, and R. F. Nelson, "Measuring individual tree crown diameter with lidar and assessing its influence on estimating forest volume and biomass," Caribb J. Sci. 29(5), 564-577 (2003).
    • (2003) Caribb J. Sci , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 564-577
    • Popescu, S.C.1    Wynne, R.H.2    Nelson, R.F.3
  • 26
    • 11144237314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • F. Morsdorf, E. Meier, B. Kötx, K. I. Itten, M. Bobbertin, and B. Allgöwer, LIDAR-based geometric reconstruction of boreal type forest stands at single tree level for forest and wildland fire management, Remote Sens. Environ. 92(3), 353-362 (2004) [doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.05. 013].
    • F. Morsdorf, E. Meier, B. Kötx, K. I. Itten, M. Bobbertin, and B. Allgöwer, "LIDAR-based geometric reconstruction of boreal type forest stands at single tree level for forest and wildland fire management," Remote Sens. Environ. 92(3), 353-362 (2004) [doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.05. 013].
  • 27
    • 34247188602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N. Skowronski, K. Clark, R. Nelson, J. Horn, and M. Patterson, Remotely sensed measurements of forest structure and fuel loads in the Pinelands of New Jersey, Remote Sens. Environ. 108(2), 123-129 (2007) [doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.032].
    • N. Skowronski, K. Clark, R. Nelson, J. Horn, and M. Patterson, "Remotely sensed measurements of forest structure and fuel loads in the Pinelands of New Jersey," Remote Sens. Environ. 108(2), 123-129 (2007) [doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.032].
  • 28
    • 0031158712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling Forest Canopy Heights: The Effects of Canopy Shape
    • doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00213-1
    • R. Nelson, "Modeling Forest Canopy Heights: The Effects of Canopy Shape," Remote Sens. Environ. 60(3), 311-326 (1997) [doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00213-1].
    • (1997) Remote Sens. Environ , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 311-326
    • Nelson, R.1
  • 29
    • 61349116588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Puerto Rico
    • USDA Forest Service, "Forest Stewardship program (Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands region)," U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Puerto Rico (2007).
    • (2007) Forest Stewardship program (Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands region)
  • 30
    • 0003730427 scopus 로고
    • Revised edition, Tropical Science Center, San José, Costa Rica, pp
    • L. R. Holdridge, Life zone ecology, (Revised edition), Tropical Science Center, San José, Costa Rica, pp. 206 (1967).
    • (1967) Life zone ecology , pp. 206
    • Holdridge, L.R.1
  • 31
    • 33746337914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud-free satellite image mosaics with regression trees and histogram matching
    • E. H. Helmer and B. Ruefenacht, "Cloud-free satellite image mosaics with regression trees and histogram matching," Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing 71(9), 1079-1089 (2005).
    • (2005) Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing , vol.71 , Issue.9 , pp. 1079-1089
    • Helmer, E.H.1    Ruefenacht, B.2
  • 32
    • 84875589541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ERDAS, Inc, Leica Geosystems ERDAS Imagine version 8.7, 2007, 10 November 2007
    • ERDAS, Inc, "Leica Geosystems ERDAS Imagine version 8.7," 2007, http://gi.leica-geosystems.com/LGISub1×20×0.aspx, (10 November 2007).
  • 35
    • 0019727997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. H. Strahler, Stratification of natural vegetation for forest and rangeland inventory using Landsat imagery and collateral data, Int. J. Remote Sens. 2(1), 15-41 (1981) [doi:10.1080/01431168108948338].
    • A. H. Strahler, "Stratification of natural vegetation for forest and rangeland inventory using Landsat imagery and collateral data," Int. J. Remote Sens. 2(1), 15-41 (1981) [doi:10.1080/01431168108948338].
  • 36
    • 0024855910 scopus 로고
    • An expert system classifies eucalypt forest types using thematic mapper data and a digital terrain model
    • A. K. Skidmore, "An expert system classifies eucalypt forest types using thematic mapper data and a digital terrain model," Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing 55(10), 449-1464 (1989).
    • (1989) Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing , vol.55 , Issue.10 , pp. 449-1464
    • Skidmore, A.K.1
  • 38
    • 84900423421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shuttle Radar Topography Mission produces a wealth of data
    • Amer. Geophys. Union Eos 81
    • T. G. Fair and M. Kobrick, "Shuttle Radar Topography Mission produces a wealth of data," Amer. Geophys. Union Eos 81, 583-585 (2000).
    • (2000) , pp. 583-585
    • Fair, T.G.1    Kobrick, M.2
  • 40
    • 0344972104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decision tree classification of land cover from remotely sensed data
    • Remote Sens. Environ, doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00049-7
    • M. A. Friedl and C. E. Bradley, "Decision tree classification of land cover from remotely sensed data," Remote Sens. Environ. 61(3), 399-409 (1997) [doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00049-7].
    • (1997) , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 399-409
    • Friedl, M.A.1    Bradley, C.E.2
  • 41
    • 0027334469 scopus 로고
    • Determining successional stage of temperate coniferous forests with Landsat satellite data
    • M. Fiorella and W. J. Ripple, "Determining successional stage of temperate coniferous forests with Landsat satellite data," Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing 59(2), 239-246 (1993).
    • (1993) Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 239-246
    • Fiorella, M.1    Ripple, W.J.2
  • 42
    • 0033925662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E. H. Helmer, W. B. Cohen, and S. Brown, Mapping montane forest successional stage and land use with multi-date Landsat imagery, International Int. J. Remote Sens. 21(11), 2163-2183 (2000) [doi:10.1080/ 01431160050029495].
    • E. H. Helmer, W. B. Cohen, and S. Brown, "Mapping montane forest successional stage and land use with multi-date Landsat imagery," International Int. J. Remote Sens. 21(11), 2163-2183 (2000) [doi:10.1080/ 01431160050029495].
  • 44
    • 0036935209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping forest type and land cover of Puerto Rico, a component of the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot
    • E. H. Helmer, O. Ramos, T. d. M. Lopez, M. Quiñones, and W. Diaz, "Mapping forest type and land cover of Puerto Rico, a component of the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot," Caribb J. Sci. 38(3), 165-183 (2002).
    • (2002) Caribb J. Sci , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 165-183
    • Helmer, E.H.1    Ramos, O.2    Lopez, T.D.M.3    Quiñones, M.4    Diaz, W.5
  • 46
    • 84875579328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FGDC, National Vegetation Classification Standard, Federal Geographic Data Committee, Vegetation Subcommittee. FGDC-STD-005, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia (1997).
    • FGDC, "National Vegetation Classification Standard," Federal Geographic Data Committee, Vegetation Subcommittee. FGDC-STD-005, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia (1997).
  • 47
  • 49
    • 0026278621 scopus 로고
    • A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data
    • Remote Sens. Environ, doi:10.1016/0034-4257(91)90048-B
    • R. G. Congalton, "A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data," Remote Sens. Environ. 37(1), 35-46 (1991) [doi:10.1016/0034-4257(91)90048-B].
    • (1991) , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-46
    • Congalton, R.G.1
  • 50
    • 0032084126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and analysis for thematic map accuracy assessment: Fundamental principles
    • Remote Sens. Environ, doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00010-8
    • S. V. Stehman and R. L. Czaplewski, "Design and analysis for thematic map accuracy assessment: fundamental principles," Remote Sens. Environ. 64(3), 331-334 (1998) [doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00010-8].
    • (1998) , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 331-334
    • Stehman, S.V.1    Czaplewski, R.L.2
  • 51
    • 84875604958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3001 Inc, Puerto Rico Ground Control Report, Contract No: DACW43-03-D-0504 2004
    • 3001 Inc., Puerto Rico Ground Control Report, Contract No: DACW43-03-D-0504 (2004).
  • 52
    • 33846821752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airborne lidar data processing and information extraction
    • Q. Chen, "Airborne lidar data processing and information extraction," Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing 73, 109-112 (2007).
    • (2007) Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing , vol.73 , pp. 109-112
    • Chen, Q.1
  • 53
    • 0037934719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K. Zhang, S. Chen, D. Whitman, M. Shyu, J. Yan, and C. Zhang, A progressive morphological filter for removing nonground measurements from airborne lidar data, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote 41(4), 872-882 (2003) [10.1109/TGRS.2003.810682].
    • K. Zhang, S. Chen, D. Whitman, M. Shyu, J. Yan, and C. Zhang, "A progressive morphological filter for removing nonground measurements from airborne lidar data," IEEE T. Geosci. Remote 41(4), 872-882 (2003) [10.1109/TGRS.2003.810682].
  • 54
    • 33846795151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filtering airborne laser scanning data with morphological methods
    • Q. Chen, P. Gong, D. Baldocchi, and G. Xie, "Filtering airborne laser scanning data with morphological methods", Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing 73(2), 175-185 (2007).
    • (2007) Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing , vol.73 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-185
    • Chen, Q.1    Gong, P.2    Baldocchi, D.3    Xie, G.4
  • 56
    • 0003973004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of Lidar Remote sensing to the estimation of forest canopy and stand structure
    • PhD Thesis,University of Virginia
    • M. A. Lefsky, "Application of Lidar Remote sensing to the estimation of forest canopy and stand structure", PhD Thesis,University of Virginia (1997).
    • (1997)
    • Lefsky, M.A.1
  • 57
    • 84875608965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T. J. Brandeis and S. N. Oswalt, The status of U.S. Virgin Islands' forests, 2004, Resource Bulletin SRS-122, USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Ashville, NC (2007).
    • T. J. Brandeis and S. N. Oswalt, "The status of U.S. Virgin Islands' forests, 2004," Resource Bulletin SRS-122, USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Ashville, NC (2007).
  • 58
    • 84875590732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field Procedures for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Supplement C to SRS Regional Manual 1.56
    • USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis Research Work Unit, Knoxville, TN, shtml June 25
    • USDA Forest Service, "Field Procedures for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Supplement C to SRS Regional Manual 1.56", USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Research Work Unit, Knoxville, TN, 2002, http://srsfia2.fs.fed.us/data-acquisition/manual. shtml (June 25, 2008).
    • (2002) USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station
  • 59
    • 84875611433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slope Position AML (ARC/INFO 7.2.1). USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region
    • Portland, Oregon 1999
    • D. Hatfield, Slope Position AML (ARC/INFO 7.2.1). USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon (1999).
    • Hatfield, D.1
  • 62
    • 0030484763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. L. Weaver, Forest productivity of the Cinnamon Bay watershed, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, Caribb. J.Sci. 32, 89-98 (1996).
    • P. L. Weaver, "Forest productivity of the Cinnamon Bay watershed, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands," Caribb. J.Sci. 32, 89-98 (1996).
  • 63
    • 0026365309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of Hurricane Gilbert on trees, litterfall, and woody debris in a dry tropical forest in the Northeastern Yucatan Peninsula
    • doi:10.2307/2388263
    • D. F. Whigham, I. Olmsted, E. C. Cano, and M. E. Harmon, "The impact of Hurricane Gilbert on trees, litterfall, and woody debris in a dry tropical forest in the Northeastern Yucatan Peninsula," Biotropica 23(4), 434-441 (2006) [doi:10.2307/2388263].
    • (2006) Biotropica , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 434-441
    • Whigham, D.F.1    Olmsted, I.2    Cano, E.C.3    Harmon, M.E.4
  • 64
    • 84875621408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. G. Murphy and A. E. Lugo, Dry Forests of Central America and the Caribbean, pp. 9-34 in S.H. Bullock, H.A. Mooney and E. Medina, seasonally dry tropical forests, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY (1995).
    • P. G. Murphy and A. E. Lugo, Dry Forests of Central America and the Caribbean, pp. 9-34 in S.H. Bullock, H.A. Mooney and E. Medina, seasonally dry tropical forests, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY (1995).
  • 65
    • 0032770877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Wehr, and U. Lohr, Airborne laser scanning-an introduction and overview, ISPRS J.Photogramm. 54(2-3), 68-82(1999) [doi:10.1016/S0924- 2716(99)00011-8].
    • A. Wehr, and U. Lohr, "Airborne laser scanning-an introduction and overview," ISPRS J.Photogramm. 54(2-3), 68-82(1999) [doi:10.1016/S0924- 2716(99)00011-8].
  • 66
    • 84863174244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Louisiana Statewide LIDAR Project
    • n.d, September 20
    • R. Cunningham, D. Gisclair, and J. Craig, "The Louisiana Statewide LIDAR Project," (n.d.), ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/NCGC/products/ elevation/la-lidar-proiect.pdf, (September 20, 2007).
    • (2007)
    • Cunningham, R.1    Gisclair, D.2    Craig, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.