Earthquake relocation and three-dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs models along the low angle Alto Tiberina Fault (Central Italy): Evidence for fluid overpressure

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 176, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 833-846

  Moretti, Milena ^a   De Gori, Pasquale ^a   Chiarabba, Claudio ^a  

^a ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Continental tectonics: Extensional; Seismic tomography; Seismicity and tectonics

Indexed keywords

ARRIVAL TIME; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; FLUID PRESSURE; FOLD AND THRUST BELT; NORMAL FAULT; P-WAVE; S-WAVE; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; SEISMICITY;

APENNINES; EURASIA; EUROPE; ITALY; SOUTHERN EUROPE;

EID: 61349089900     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: 1365246X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03984.x     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Amato, A. et al., 1998. The 1997 Umbria-Marche, Italy, earthquake sequence: A first look at the main shocks and aftershocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2861-2864.
2. Axen, G.J., 1992. Pore pressure, stress increase, and fault weakening in low-angle normal faulting, J. geophys. Res., 97(B6), 8979-8991.
3. Axen, G.J. & Selverstone, J., 1994. Stress state and fluid pressure level on the Whipple detachment fault, California, Geology, 22, 835-838.
4. Bally, A.W., Burbi, L., Cooper, C. & Ghelardoni, V., 1986. Balanced cross sections and seismic reflection profiles across the Central Apennine, Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 35, 257-310.
5. Barchi, M.R., Minelli, G. & Pialli, G., 1998a. The CROP 03 profile: a synthesis of results on deep structures of the northern Apennines, Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 52, 383-400.
6. Barchi, M.R., De Feyter, A., Magnani, M.B., Minelli, G., Pialli G., & Sotera, M., 1998b. Extesional tectonics in the Northern Apennines (Italy): Evidence from the Crop 03 deep seismic reflection line, Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 52, 527-538.
7. Boncio, P., Brozzetti, F., Ponziani, F., Barchi, M., Lavecchia, G. & Pialli, G., 1998. Seismicity and extensional tectonics in the northern Umbria-Marche Apennines, Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 52, 539-555.
8. Boncio, P., Brozzetti, F. & La Vecchia, G., 2000. Architecture and seismotectonics of a regional low-angle normal fault zone in central Italy, Tectonics, 19(6), 1038-1055.
9. Boni, C., Falcone, M., Giaquinto, S., Martini, E. & Zoppis, L., 1991. Risorse idriche sotterranee dei massicci carbonatici umbri, in Le acque sotterranee in Umbria, Vol. 413, pp. 49-64, eds Giaquinto, S., Marchetti, G., Martinelli, A. & Martini, E., GNDCI-CNR, Protagon Perugia.
10. Butler, R.W.H. et al., 2004. Applying thick-skinned tectonics models to the Apennine thrust belt of Italy - limitations and implications, in Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems, Vol. 82, pp. 647-667, ed. McClay, K., Mem. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol.
11. Calamita, F., Cello, G., Deiana, G. & Paltrinieri, W., 1994. Structural styles, cronology-rates of deformation and time space relationships in the Umbria-Marche thrust system (Central Apennines, Italy), Tectonics, 13, 873-881.
12. Chiarabba, C. & Amato, A., 1997. Upper crustal structure of the Benevento Area (southern Italy): Fault heterogeneities and potential for large earthquakes, Geophys. J. Int., 130, 229-239.
13. Chiarabba, C. & Amato, A., 2003. Vp and Vp/Vs images in the Mw 6.0 Colfiorito fault region (central Italy): A contribution to the understanding of seismotectonic and seismogenic processes, J. geophys. Res., 108(B5) doi 10.1029/2001JB001665.
14. Chiarabba, C., Amato, A. & Fiordelisi, A., 1995. Upper crustal tomographic images of the Amiata-Vulsini geothermal region, Central Italy, J. geophys. Res., 100, 4053-4066.
15. Chiaraluce, L., Ellsworth, W.L., Chiarabba, C. & Cocco, M., 2003. Imaging the complexity of an active normal fault system: The 1997 Colfiorito (central Italy) case study, J. geophys. Res., 108(B6), 2294, doi 10.1029/2002JB002166.
16. Chiaraluce, L. et al., 2004. Complex normal faulting in the Apennines thrust-and-fold belt; the 1997 seismic sequence in central Italy, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 94(1), 99-116.
17. Chiaraluce, L., Chiarabba, C., Collettini, C., Piccinini, D. & Cocco, M., 2007. Architecture and mechanics of an active low-angle normal fault: Alto Tiberina Fault, northern Apennines, Italy, J. geophys. Res., 112(B10310) doi 10.1029/2007JB005015.
18. 2 fluxes from Central Italy. Examples of carbon balance for regional aquifers and of soil diffuse degassing, Chem. Geol., 159, 205-222.
19. Chiodini, G., Frondini, F., Cardellini, C., Parello, F. & Peruzzi, L., 2000. Rate of diffuse carbon dioxide earth degassing estimated from carbon balance of regional aquifers: The case of central Apennine, Italy, J. geophys. Res., 105(B4), 8423-8434.
20. Chiodini, G., Cardellini, C., Amato, A., Boschi, E., Caliro, S., Frondini, F. & Ventura, G., 2004. Carbon dioxide Earth degassing and seismogenesis in central and southern Italy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L07615 doi 10.1029/2004GL019480.
21. Collettini, C. & Barchi, M., 2002. A low angle normal fault in the Umbria region (Central Italy): A mechanical model for the related seismicity, Tectonophysics, 359, 97-115.
22. Collettini, C. & Sibson, R.H., 2001. Normal faults normal friction? Geology, 29, 927-930.
23. Collettini, C. & Holdsworth, R.E., 2004. Fault zone weakening and character of slip along low angle normal faults: Insights from the Zuccale Fault, Isle of Elba, Italy, J. Geol. Soc., 161, 1039-1051.
24. Collettini C., Barchi, M., Chiaraluce, L., Mirabella, F. & Pucci, S., 2003. The Gubbio fault: Can different methods give pictures of the same object? J. Geodyn., 36(1-2), 51-66.
25. 2 degassing in the northern Apennines: Short and long-term processes, Vol. 299, pp. 175-194, Geological Society of London, Special Publications.
26. Coward, M.P., De Donatis, M., Mazzoli, S., Paltrinieri, W. & Wezel, F.C., 1999. Frontal part of the northern Apennines fold and thrust belt in the Romagna-Marche area (Italy): Shallow and depp structural styles, Tectonophysics, 18, 559-574.
27. De Paola, N., Collettini, C., Faulkner, D.R., & Trippetta, F., 2008. Fault zone architecture and deformation processes within evaporitic rocks in the upper crust, Tectonics, 27, TC4017 doi 10.1029/2007TC002230.
28. Deschamps, A., Iannaccone, G. & Scarpa, R., 1984. The Umbrian earthquake (Italy) of 19 September 1979, Ann. Geophys., 2(1), 29-36.
29. Di Stefano, R., Chiarabba, C., Lucente, F. & Amato, A., 1999. Crustal and upper mantle structure in Italy from the inversion of P-wave arrival times: Geodynamic implications, Geophys. J. Int., 139, 483-498.
30. Dvorkin, J., Mavko, G. & Nur, A., 1999. Overpressure detection from compressional and shear wave data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3417-3420.
31. Eberhart-Phillips, D., 1986. Three-dimensional velocity structure in northern California Coast ranges from inversion of local earthquake arrival times, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 76, 1025-1052.
32. Eberhart-Phillips, D., 1993. Local earthquake tomography: Earthquake source regions, in Seismic Tomography: Theory and Practice, pp. 613-643, eds Iyer, H.M. & Hirahara, K.K., Chapman and Hall, New York.
33. Eberhart-Phillips, D. & Michael, A.J., 1993. Three-dimensional velocity structure and seismicity in the Parkfield region, central California, J. geophys. Res., 98, 15 737-15 758.
34. Eberhart-Phillips, D. & Reyners, M., 1997. Continental subduction and three-dimensional crustal structure: The northern South Island, New Zealand, J. geophys. Res., 102, 11 843-11 861.
35. Eberhart-Phillips, D. & Reyners, M., 1999. Plate interface properties in the northeast Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand, from converted seismic waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2565-2568.
36. Floyd, J.S., Mutter, J.C., Goodliffe, A.M. & Taylor, B., 2001. Evidence for fault weakness and fluid flow within an active low angle normal fault, Nature, 411, 779-782.
37. Heinicke, J., Braun, T., Burgassi, P., Italiano, F. & Martinelli, G., 2006. Gas flow anomalies in seismogenic zones in the Upper Tiber Valley, Central Italy, Geophys. J. Int., 167(2), 794-806 doi 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03134.x.
38. Hunstad, I., Selvaggi, G., D'Agostino, N., England, P., Clarke, P. & Pierozzi, M., 2003. Geodetic strains in peninsular Italy between1875 and 2001, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(4), 1181 doi 10.1029/2002GL016447.
39. Ito, H., De Vibriss, J. & Nur, A., 1979. Compressional and shear waves in saturated rock during water-steam transition, J. geophys. Res., 84, 4 731-4 735.
40. Julian, B.R., Ross, A., Foulger, G.R. & Evans, J.R., 1996. Three dimensional seismic image of a geothermal reservoir, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(6), 685-688.
41. 2 reservoir beneath a seismically active volcano, Geophys. J. Int., 133, F7-F10.
42. Kissling, E., Ellsworth, W.L., Eberhart-Phillips, D. & Kradolfer, U., 1994. Initial reference models in local earthquake tomography, J. geosphys. Res, 99(10), 19 635-19 646.
43. Kradolfer, U., 1989. Seismische Tomographie in der Schweiz mittels lokaler Erdbeben, Ph.D. Thesis. Eidg. Techn. Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, 109 pp.
44. Lahr, J.C., 1989. HYPOELLIPSE/Version 2.0: A computer program for determining local earthquake hypocentral parameters, magnitude and first motion pattern, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report No. 89-116, 92 pp.
45. Lavecchia, G., Barchi, M., Brozzetti, F. & Menichetti, M., 1994. Sismicitàe tettonica nell'area umbro-marchigiana, Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., 113, 483-500.
46. Mavko, G., Mukerji T. & Dvorkin, J., 2003. The Rock Physics Handbook: Tools for Seismic Analysis of Porous Media, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 340 pp.
47. Michelini, A. & McEvilly, T.V., 1991. Seismological studies at Parkfield I: Simultaneous inversion for velocity structure and hypocenters using B-splines parameterization, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 81, 524-552.
48. 2 source at depth, Nature, 427, 724-727.
49. Mirabella, F., Ciaccio, M.G., Barchi, M. & Merlini, S., 2004. The Gubbio fault (Central Italy): Geometry, displacement distribution and tectonic evolution, J. Struc. Geol., 26, 2233-2249.
50. Morgante, A., Barchi, M., D'Offizi, S., Minelli, G. & Pialli, G., 1998. The contribution of seismic modeling to the interpretation of the CROP-03 line, Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 52, 441-455.
51. Nakajima, J., Matsuzawa, T., Hasegawa, A. & Zhao, D., 2001. Three-dimensional structure of Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs beneath northeastern Japan: Implications for arc magmatism and fluids, J. geophys. Res., 106(B10), 21 843-21 857.
52. Nur, A., 1972. Dilatancy, pore fluids, and premonitory motions it ts/tp travel times, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 62, 1217-1222.
53. O'Connell, R. J. & Budiansky, B., 1974. Seismic velocity in dry and saturated cracked solids, J. geophys. Res., 79, 5412-5426.
54. Pialli, G., Barchi, M. & Minelli, G., 1998. Results of the CROP 03 deep seismic reflection profile, Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 52, 657 pp.
55. Piccinini, D. et al., 2003. A microseismic study in a low seismicity area of Italy: The Cittàdi Castello 2000-2001 expertiments, Ann. Geophys., 46(6), 1 315-1 324.
56. Rietbrock, A., Tiberi, C., Scherbaum, F. & Lyon-Caen, H., 1996. Seismic slip on a low angle normal fault in the Gulf of Corinth: evidence from high resolution cluster analysis of microearthquakes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1, 1817-1820.
57. Rigo, A., Caen, H L., Armijo, R., Deschamps, A., Hatzfeld, D., Makropoulos, M., Papadimitriou, P. & Kassaras, I., 1996. A microseismicity study in the western part of the Gulf of Corinth (Greece): Implications for large-scale normal faulting mechanisms, Geophys. J. Int., 126, 663-688.
58. Sibson, R.H., 1990. Faulting and fluid flow, in Short Course on Fluids in Tectonically Active Regimes of the Continental Crust, ed. Nesbitt, B.E., pp. 93-132, Mineralogical Association of Canada.
59. Takei, Y., 2002. Effect of pore geometry on Vp/Vs: From equilibrium geometry to crack, J. geophys. Res., 107(B2), 2043 doi 10.1029/ 2001JB000522.
60. Thurber, C.H., 1993. Local earthquake tomography: Velocities and Vp/ Vs-theory, in Seismic Tomography: Theory and Practice, pp. 563-583, eds Iyer, H. M. & Hirahara, K., Chapman and Hall, London.
61. s structure of the Loma Prieta, California, from local earthquake tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3079-3082.
62. Toomey, D.R & Foulger, G.R., 1989. Tomographic inversion of local earthquakes data from the Hengill-Grendsalur Central Volcano Complex, Iceland, J. geophys. Res., 94, 17 497-17 510.
63. Trippetta, F., Vinciguerra, S., Collettini, C. & Meredith, P.G., 2008. Physical properties of the seismogenic triassic evaporites in the northern Apennines (Central Italy), Geophys. Res. (Abstract), EGU2008-A-09990, Vol. 10, 2008.
64. Tryggvason, A., Rögnvaldsson, S.T. & Flóvenz, O., 2002. Three-dimensional imaging of the P- and S-wave velocity structure and earthquake locations beneath Southwest Iceland, Geophys. J. Int., 151(3), 848-866.
65. Wang, Z., 1997. Seismic properties of carbonate rocks, in Carbonate Seismology, pp. 29-52, eds Palatz, I., & Marfurt, K.J., SEG.
66. Wernicke, B., 1981. Low-angle normal faults in the Basin and Range province: Nappe tectonics in an extending orogen, Nature, 291, 645-648.
67. Wernicke, B., 1995. Low-angle normal faults and global seismicity: A review, J. geophys. Res., 100, 20 159-20 174.
68. Zhao, D.P. & Kanamori, H., 1995. The 1994 Northridge earthquake-3D crustal structure in the rupture zone and its relation to the aftershock locations and mechanisms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 763-766.
69. Zhao, D. & Negishi, H., 1998. The 1995 Kobe earthquake: Seismic image of the source zone and its implications for the rupture nucleation, J. geophys. Res., 103, 9 967-9 986.