Abuse of power: Andrew Jackson and the Indian Removal Act of 1830

Historian

Volumn 65, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 1330-1353

  Cave, Alfred A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 61249678698     PISSN: 00182370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0018-2370.2003.00055.x     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Ward Churchill, A Little Matter of Genocide (San Francisco, 1997), 144
2. For other examples of textbook accounts that imply, or state explicitly, that the act authorized forced removal, see George Brown Tindall and David E. Shi, America: A Narrative History (New York, 1992), 1: 411
3. Joseph R. Conlin, The American Past (Fort Worth, 1993), 242-43
4. Gary B. Nash, et al., The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society (New York, 2000), 310
5. Carol Berkin, Christopher L. Miller, Robert W. Cherny, and James L. Gormly, Making America: A History of the United States (Boston, Mass., 1995), 322-23
6. Michael Paul Rogin, Fathers and Children: Andrew Jackson and the Subjugation of the American Indian (New York, 1975), offers a detailed, highly critical account of Jackson's tactics in dealing with Indians, but ignores the opposition to Indian removal and does not deal specifically with the Indian Removal Act. Rogin consequently fails to place the removal program within its political context
7. Quoted in Rogin, Fathers and Children, 241
8. On Evarts's career, see John A. Andrews, III, From Revivals to Removal: Jeremiah Evarts. The Cherokee Nation, and the Search for the Soul of America (Athens, Ga., 1992)
9. Lewis Cass, "Removal of the Indians," North American Review 30 (January 1830): 62-121
10. Richardson, Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 2: 457-59
11. Frelinghuysen's speech may also be found in (Jeremiah Evarts), Speeches on the Passage of the Bill for the Removal of the Indians, Delivered in the Congress of the United States April and May 1830 (Boston, 1830), 1-30
12. Register of Debates, 21 Cong. I Sess., 18 May 1830, 1132-33
13. Martin Van Buren, Autobiography, ed. John E. Fitzpatrick (Washington, D.C., 1920), 289
14. Fred S. Rolater, "The American Indian and the Origin of the Second American Party System," Wisconsin Magazine of History 76 (1993): 193
15. Robert Remini, Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Freedom 1822-1832 (New York, 1981), 264
16. For a more detailed statement of his views on this issue, see Remini's Legacy of Andrew Jackson, 45-82
17. The most uncritical modern defense of Jackson is to be found in Francis Paul Prucha, "Andrew Jackson's Indian Policy: A Reassessment," Journal of American History 56 (1969): 527-39
18. Remini, Andrew Jackson and His Indian Wars, 237
19. Quoted in Young, Redskins, Ruffleshirts, and Rednecks, 80
20. "Application for Indemnity, for Being Deprived of Reservations, of the Choctaw Indians," 1 February 1832, American State Papers: Public Lands, 8: 432
21. See also Arthur DeRosier, The Removal of the Choctaw Indians (Knoxville, Tenn., 1970): 136-37
22. Satz, American Indian Policy in the Jacksonian Era, 89
23. Eaton to Ward, 11 July 1829
24. 7 Statutes at Large, 366-68
25. For a very judicious survey of the evidence on allotment frauds, see Mary E. Young, "The Creek Frauds: A Study in Conscience and Corruption," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 42 (1955): 411-37
26. For the Creek removal, see Michael D. Green, The Politics of Indian Removal: Creek Government and Society in Crisis (Lincoln, Neb., 1983)
27. and Foreman, Indian Removal, 107-92
28. For the background of the so-called "Second Creek War," see the documents in "Causes of the Hostilities of the Creek and Seminole Indians" American State Papers: Military Affairs, VI: 574-783
29. John Mahon, History of the Second Seminole War 1835-1842 (Gainesville, Fla., 1985), 84-85
30. John Ross, "Letter in Answer to Inquiries from a Friend, July 2, 1836," Niles Weekly Register, 1 October 1836
31. Robert Remini, Daniel Webster: The Man and His Times (New York, 1997), 447
32. Robert Remini, Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union (New York, 1991), 386. Historians of the Whig party have generally ignored the Indian Removal issue. Most give it only a few sentences
33. Prucha, Cherokee Removal, 201-11
34. Daniel Walker Howe, The Political Culture of the American Whigs (Chicago, Ill., 1979)
35. Thomas Brown, Politics and Statesmanship: Essays on the American Whig Party (New York, 1985)
36. and John Ashworth, Agrarians and Aristocrats: Party Political Ideology in the United States, 1837-1846 (Cambridge, 1987) contain valuable insights
37. Alexander Saxton, The Rise and Fall of the White Republic (London, 1990), 53-76
38. Horace Greeley claimed he learned of Jackson's remark from Massachusetts Congressman George N. Briggs. See The American Conflict: A History of the Great Rebellion in the United States of America 1860-54, 2 vols. (Hartford, 1865) I: 106
39. Remini, Legacy of Andrew Jackson, 73
40. Norgren, Cherokee Cases, 126
41. Leonard L. Richards, The Life and Times of Congressman John Quincy Adams (New York, 1986), 149
42. Rolater, "The American Indian and the Origin of the Second American Party System," 197
43. Remini, Daniel Webster, 447
44. Adams, Memoirs, 10: 491-92
45. Philip R. Fendall to Henry Clay, 27 August 1832, in The Papers of Henry Clay James Hopkins et al. (Lexington, Ky., 1984) 8: 563