Queen Victoria and the challenge of Roman Catholicism

Historian

Volumn 58, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 295-314

  Arnstein, Walter L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61249666223     PISSN: 00182370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6563.1996.tb00950.x     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Recent biographies include Stanley Weintraub, Queen Victoria: An Intimate Biography (New York, 1987)
2. Dorothy Thompson, Queen Victoria: The Woman, the Monarchy, and the People (New York, 1990)
3. Giles St. Aubyn, Queen Victoria: A Portrait (London, 1991)
4. and Monica Charlot, Victoria: The Young Queen (Oxford, 1991).
5. The essays are Elizabeth Longford, "Queen Victoria's Religious Life," Wiseman Review 236 (summer 1962): 107-26
6. and Walter L. Arnstein, "Queen Victoria and Religion," in Religion in the Lives of English Women, 1760-1930, ed. Gail Malmgreen (London, 1986), 88-128.
7. For the queen's influence see W. R. Bahlmann, "Politics and Church Patronage in the Victorian Age," Victorian Studies 22 (spring 1979): 266-7
8. Robert Blake, Disraeli (London, 1967), 528-9
9. Robert Rhodes James, Rosebery (London, 1963), 321. I am grateful to the University of Durham and to the Midwest Conference on British Studies for providing me with an opportunity to present and discuss earlier versions of this paper and to Dr. Sheridan Gilley of the University of Durham for his helpful suggestions.
10. Royal Archives N20/11. This and subsequent citations from the Royal Archives (hereafter RA) at Windsor Castle are quoted by the gracious permission of Her Majesty the Queen. The letter of 1846 is cited in Longford, "Queen Victoria's Religious Life," 116-17.
11. Daphne Bennett, Queen Victoria's Children (London, 1980), 24
12. Walter Walsh, The Religious Life and Influence of Queen Victoria (London, 1902), 261
13. Elizabeth Longford, Victoria R.I. (London, 1964), 254
14. Weintraub, Queen Victoria, 213
15. St. Aubyn, Queen Victoria, 311.
16. Roger Fulford, ed., Darling Child: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the German Crown Princess, 1871-1878 (London, 1976), 178
17. Oliver MacDonagh, The Emancipist: Daniel O'Connell 1830-1847 (London, 1989), 127
18. Viscount Esher, ed., The Girlhood of Queen Victoria, 2 vols. (London, 1912), 2:243.
19. Princess Victoria's journal cited in Cecil Woodham-Smith, Queen Victoria: From Her Birth to the Death of the Prince Consort (London, 1972), 141
20. Esher, Girlhood, 2:243.
21. Longford, Victoria R.I., 425.
22. Woodham-Smith, Queen Victoria, 417. Although the Church of England Prayer Book referred to "the sign of the cross," many early-nineteenth- century Anglicans regarded the practice as foreign.
23. The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1st ser., (London, 1908), 2:376. (The Letters involve three series - of three volumes each - published in London in 1908, 1926, and 1930.
24. Fulford, Darling Child, 103.
25. See also Bennett, Queen Victoria's Children, 28.
26. For the details of Peel's Irish policy see Donal A. Kerr, Peel, Priests and Politics: Sir Robert Peel's Administration and the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland 1841-46 (Oxford, 1982).
27. Letters, 1st ser., 2:36-37.
28. RA, Queen Victoria's Journal, 6, 9, 10, 11 August 1849. Sir Theodore Martin, Life of the Prince Consort, 5 vols. (London, 1876-80), 2:179, 181, 208
29. Cited in Woodham-Smith, Queen Victoria, 141
30. Sir Herbert Maxwell, Life of the Fourth Earl of Clarendon, 2 vols. (London, 1913), 1:221
31. RA, Queen Victoria's Journal, 6 and 13 October 1850
32. Private Life of the Queen (London, 1898), 17.
33. Cited in Brian Fothergill, Nicholas Wiseman (Garden City, N.Y., 1963), 296-7
34. Francis Warre Cornish, The English Church in the Nineteenth Century, 2 vols. (London, 1910), 1:344.
35. cited in Maxwell, Life of Clarendon, 1:314.
36. For the details see John R. Wolffe, The Protestant Crusade in Great Britain, 1828-1860 (Oxford, 1991)
37. and D. G. Paz, Popular Anti-Catholicism in Mid-Victorian England (Stanford, 1992).
38. Russell's letter is reprinted in E. R. Norman, Anti-Catholicism in Victorian England (London, 1968), 159-61.
39. See also Maxwell, Life of Clarendon, 1:315.
40. and Daphne Bennett, King Without a Crown (Philadelphia, 1977), 166.
41. See also Walter L. Arnstein, Protestant Versus Catholic in Mid-Victorian England (Columbia, Mo., 1982), 48, 81-82, 159.
42. Letters, 1st ser., 2:210, 277.
43. J. A. Jackson, The Irish in Britain (London, 1963), 11.
44. For the Royal Proclamation of 1852 and the Stockport riots see Walsh, Religious Life, 74-75
45. Wolffe, Protestant Crusade, 194
46. Paz, Popular Anti-Catholicism, 254-6.
47. For the Murphy Riots see Arnstein, Protestant Versus Catholic, 92-95.
48. cited in C. T. McIntire, England Against the Papacy 1858-1861 (Cambridge, 1983), 125.
49. Letters, 2d ser., 1:175
50. Roger Fulford, ed., Your Dear Letter: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia 1865-1871 (London, 1971), 157, 159-60
51. Roger Fulford, ed., Dearest Mama: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia, 1861-1865 (London, 1968), 136.
52. The Prince of Wales's visit to Rome is discussed in detail in McIntire, England, 73-79.
53. RA, Queen Victoria's Journal, 9 June and 12 September 1854.
54. Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time, vol. 1, 1837-1871, rev. ed. (London, 1880), 443
55. Arnstein, Protestant Versus Catholic, 58, 132-3
56. RA, Queen Victoria's Journal, 13 August 1869, 14 March 1870
57. cited in Dermot Quinn, Patronage and Piety: The Politics of English Roman Catholicism, 1850-1900 (Stanford, 1993), 20.
58. Fulford, Your Dear Letter, 246-7.
59. Philip Guedalla, ed., The Queen and Mr. Gladstone, 2 vols. (London, 1933), 1:252
60. For Ireland see Martin, Life of the Prince Consort, 2:182
61. and Emmet Larkin, "The Devotional Revolution in Ireland, 1850-1875," American Historical Review 77 (June 1972): 625-52.
62. cited in Arthur Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria's Private Secretary (London, 1942), 178
63. Queen Victoria to Dean Stanley, cited in Christopher Hibbert, Queen Victoria in Her Letters and Journals (Harmondsworth, U.K., 1984), 234
64. Fulford, Darling Child, 51, 102
65. R. E. Prothero, The Life and Correspondence of A. P. Stanley, 2 vols. (London, 1893), 2:176.
66. Fulford, Darling Child, 151, 158.
67. Roger Fulford, ed., Beloved Mama: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the German Crown Princess, 1878-1885 (London, 1981), 186
68. Queen Victoria's journal cited in Hibbert, Queen Victoria, 302
69. Agatha Ramm, ed., Beloved and Darling Child: Last Letters Between Queen Victoria and Her Eldest Daughter, 1886-1901 (Far Thrupp Stroud, U.K., 1990), 82.
70. Fulford, Beloved Mama, 46-47.
71. Owen Chadwick, The Victorian Church, 2 vols. (London, 1966-70), 2:406
72. Jeffrey L. Lant, Insubstantial Pageant: Ceremony and Confusion at Queen Victoria's Court (New York, 1979), 8.
73. Ramm, Beloved and Darling Child, 38, 151
74. Alan R. Skelley, The Victorian Army at Home (Montreal, 1977), 286-7
75. G. M. Young, Victorian England: Portrait of an Age, 2d ed. (London, 1953), 79 n
76. Robert Wilson, ed., The Life and Times of Queen Victoria, 2 vols. (London, 1900), 2:931
77. RA, Queen Victoria's Journal, 16 and 24 April 1900
78. Letters, 3d ser., 3:544.
79. Journal for 29 April 1900 cited in Longford, Victoria R.I., 698
80. Walsh, Religious Life, 250, 261.