Antisemitism, social science, and the Muslim and Arab world

Judaism

Volumn 52, Issue 3-4, 2003, Pages

  Kressel, Neil J ^a  

^a WILLIAM PATERSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61249623362     PISSN: 00225762     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. See, for example, Ervin Staub, The Roots of Evil (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 58-62
2. Neil J. Kressel, Mass Hate: The Global Rise of Genocide and Terror (New York: Plenum, 1996
3. James Waller, Becoming Evil: How Ordinary People Commit Genocide and Mass Killing (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 244-249
4. See MEMRI, A New Antisemitic Myth in the Middle East Media. MEMRI Special Report No. 8. (Washington, DC: MEMRI, 2002), accessed 3 July 2003, available from http://www.memri.org/bin/ articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area= antisemitism&ID=SR00802
5. These remarks are quoted and discussed in Aluma Solnick, Based on Koranic Verses, Interpretations and Traditions, Muslim Clerics State: The Jews Are Descendants of Apes, Pigs, and Other Animals. Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) Special Report No. 11. (Washington, DC: MEMRI, 2002), accessed 3 July 2003, available from http://memri.org/bin/ articles.cgi?Page= subjects&Area=anlisemitism&ID=SR01102
6. Hussain quoted in Sarah Lyall, "What Drove 2 Britons to Bomb a Club in Tel Aviv?" New York Times, 12 May 2003, A3, accessed 3 August 2003, available from Lexis-Nexis Academic database
7. Robert S. Wistrich, Muslim Anti-Semitism (New York: American Jewish Committee, 2002), accessed 5 August 2003, available from http://ajc.org/ InTheMedia/PublicationsPrint.asp?did=503
8. Yehuda Bauer, "Nazis, Communists, and Radical Islamists," Jerusalem Post, 29 November 2002, 9B, accessed 3 August 2003, available from Lexis-Nexis Academic database. Andrew Sullivan, "Anti-semitism Sneaks into the Anti-War Camp," Sunday Times (London), 20 October 2002, accessed 3 August 2003, available from Lexis-Nexis Academic database
9. James Bennet, "Palestinian Mob Attacks Pollster," New York Times, 14July 2003, A1,A5
10. Neil J. Kressel, "How Terror Skews the News," New York Post, 24 March 2002, 27
11. Morton Deutsch, Response to the Terrorist Actions: The Best Long-Term Strategy for a Just, Peaceful, Humane, and Sustainable World. A Letter from Morton Deutsch, Ph.D. Accessed lOJuly 2003, available from the Canadian Psychological Association World wide web home page: http://cpa.ca/epw/epw/ Deutsch.html
12. Bernard Lews, Semites & Anti-Semites (New York: Norton, 1986; paperback, 1987), p. 117. Wistrich, 2002, "introduction," para. 3
13. Non-Governmental Organizations at World Congress Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, WCAR NGO Forum Declaration (2001), accessed 14July 14 2003, available from http://www-personal.umich.edu/- hfc/mideast/NGO_WCAR.htm
14. Shimon Peres and Michael Melchior, Briefing by Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and Deputy Foreign Minister Michael Melchior to the Diplomatic Corps (Jerusalem: Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 4 September 2001), accessed 4 August 2003, available from-http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/mfa/ go.asp?MFAH0kg20
15. See, also, John Lewis, "'I Have a Dream' for Peace in the Middle East: King's Special Bond with Israel," San Francisco Chronicle, 21 January 2002, accessed 4 August 2003, available from: http://sfgale.com/cgi-bin/ arlicle.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/07/21/ED715336.DTL
16. Jacques Givet, The Anti-Zionist Complex, translated by E. Abel and N. Langford (Englewood, NJ: SBS Publishing, 1982), p. 39
17. Kressel, Mass Hate, p. 213
18. Kressel, Mass Hale, pp. 214-223
19. Meg Bortin, "Muslims Lament Israel's Existence," A International Herald Tribune, 3 June 2003, accessed 3 July 2003, available from http://www.iht.com/articles/98399.html
20. Social psychologist Roy Baumeister, who has written on the origins of mass atrocities, suggests that "Showing disrespect, attacking someone's honor, insulting or humiliating someone, or in some other way causing a person to lose face will often elicit an aggressive response. The people (or groups or countries) most prone to violence are the ones who are most susceptible to ego threats. .." In this regard, historian David Pryce Jones has amassed considerable evidence that people in Arab cultures are particularly motivated by shame and honor considerations. Roy F. Baumeister, Evil: Inside Human Violence and Cruelty (New York: Freeman, 1997), p. 376
21. David Pryce-Jones, The Closed Circle: An Interpretation of the Arabs (New York: HarperPerennial, 1991), pp. 34-57
22. Ahmad Abu Halabiya, PA TVBroadcast Calls for Killing Jews and Americans(Trans. By MEMRI). MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 138. (Washington, DC: MEMRI, 2000). (Originally broadcast date October 13, 2000, from Zayed bin Sultan Aal Nahyan mosque, Gaza). Accessed 4 August 2003, available from htlp://www.memri.orgfbin/artides.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=antisemilism& ID=SP13800
23. See, for example, Martin Asser, "Palestinian Support for Suicide Bombers," BBC News Online, 28 June 2002, accessed 18 July 2003, available from http://news.bbc.co.Uk/1/hi/world/middU_east/ 2072851.stm
24. Council on Foreign Relations, "Hamas, Islamic Jihad," in Terrorism: Questions and Answers, accessed 18 July 2003, available from http://www.terrorismanswers.com/groups/hamas2.html
25. Mortimer Ostow, Myth and Madness (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1996), pp. 135-136
26. ADL, ADL: Egyptian Anti-Semitism "Diminished but Still Potent" (New York: ADL, 2003), accessed 2 July 2003, available from http://www.adl.org/ PresRele/ASInt_13/4277_13.asp
27. Marvin Perry and Frederick M. Schweitzer, Antisemitism (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), p. 12
28. Radio Islam, USA 's Rulers-They 'reAllJews! Clinton 'sList, accessed 4 August 2003, available from http://www.abbc2.com/islam/english/toread/collecl. htm
29. See MEMRI, A New Antisemitic Myth, passim
30. Zbeir Sultan, Fears of Normalization with Israel in the Syrian Media. (Trans. By MEMRI). MEMRI Special Dispatch Series No. 67. Washington, DC: MEMRI. (Original published 1 January 2000, under different title in Arabic weekly, Al-'Usbu' Al-Adabi). Accessed 21 July 2003, available from http://www.memri.org/ bin/opener.cgi?Page=archives&ID=SP6700
31. Perry & Schweitzer, preface. See, also, David Littman, "Syria's Blood Libel Revival at the UN: 1991-2000," Midstream 46, no. 2 (February/March 2000), accessed 4 August 2003, available from http://www.midstreamthf.com/0200/feature.hlml
32. Wistrich, Muslim Anti-Semitism, passim
33. Quoted in MEMRI, Arab Press Debates Antisemitic Egyptian Series: "A Knight Without a Horse"-Part II. MEMRI Inquiry and Analysis No. 113. (Washington, DC: MEMRI, 2002), accessed 4 August 2003, available from http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area= anlisemilism& ID=IA11302
34. This account is based on Joanne Palmer, "Protocols of Paterson,"-Jewish Community News (New Jersey), 20 December 2002 and Amy Sara Clark, "Publisher Won't Back Down on Protocols," Jewish Standard'(New Jersey), 15 November 2002, accessed from 4 August 2003, available from www.danielpipes.org/499.php
35. See Carole Basri, The Jews of Iraq: A Forgotten Case of Ethnic Cleansing (Jerusalem: American Jewish Congress, 2003)
36. Ya'akov Meron, "Why Jews Fled Arab Countries," Middle East Quarterly 2, no. 3 (1995), accessed 28July 2003, available from http://www.meforum.org/article/263
37. See ADL, "The Fight Against Global Anti-Semitism,"-ADL NewsBrief 5 (2002), 1-4
38. Craig S. Smith, "Racism Up after 9/11, European Monitor Says," New York Times, 11 December 2002, Al 7
39. The Al-Baz quote and the Al-Azhar recommendation are discussed in Yigal Carmon, Harbingers of change in the antisemitic discourse in the Arab world MEMRI Inquiry and Analysis Series No. 135 (Washington, DC: MEMRI, 2003), accessed 9 February 2004, available from http:// memri.org/bin/articles.cgi? Page=archives&Area=ia&ID=IA13503
40. Rafsanjani quoted in MEMRI, Former Iranian President Rafsanjani on Using a Nuclear Bomb Against Israel Special Dispatch No. 325. (Washington, DC: MEMRI, 2002), accessed 3July 2003, available from http://www.memri.org/bin/articles. cgi?Page=countries&Area=iran&ID= SP32502
41. See, also, Doug Frantz, "Iran Closes in on Ability to Build a Nuclear Bomb," Los Angeles Times, 4 August 2003, 1, accessed 6 August 2003, available from Lexis-Nexis Academic database
42. This discussion is based on three sources: American Jewish Committee, The West, Christians and Jews in Saudi Arabian Schoolbooks (New York: American Jewish Committee, 2003) accessed 5 August 2003, available from http://www.ajc.org/InTheMedia/Publiations.asp?did=750
43. Neil MacFarquhar, "Anti-western and Extremist Views Pervade Saudi Schools," New York Times, 19 October 2001, Bl, B3
44. Both quotations appear in A. Jorisch, "Broadcasting Hatred," Near East Report 47, no. 2 (3 February 2003): 7
45. Victor D. Hanson, "On Hating Israel," National Review (7 May 2002), accessed 4 August 2003, available from http://www.nationalreview.com/ hanson/hanson050702.asp
46. See, also, Yehuda Kraut, Palestinian Spokesmen, Jenin Lies and Media Indifference (Boston: Committee for Accuracy in Middle East reporting in America, 2002), accessed 9 February 2004, available from CAMERA home page: http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_print=l&x_context=7&x_issue= 394&x_arlide=394
47. Bortin, "Muslims Lament Israel's Existence;" John Waterbury, "Hate Your Policies, Love Your Institutions, " Foreign Affairs, 82, no. 1, 58, accessed 3 August 2003, available from Lexis-Nexis Academic database
48. David Gelernter, "They Hate Us Because They Hate Israel," WallStreet Journal, 8 October 2001, A26
49. Murphy quoted in Jim Naureckas, "Why They Hate Us: Looking for a Flattering Answer," Extra![Electronic version], para. 9, accessed 22 February 2003, available from FAIR (Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting) home page: http://www.fair.org/extra/0170/wtc-why.html
50. Writing in the New York Times, columnist Nicholas D. Kristof implies that Arab hostility toward America is a consequence of "Mr. Bush's coziness with Ariel Sharon" and that it might be substantially reduced by a serious and balanced peace initiative. The problem is that relatively few Arabs draw the distinction between Sharon and Peres that looms so large for Kristof and that it is precisely Mr. Bush's balanced approach that draws their wrath. And for a substantial segment, the problem is not Sharon or Peres but Jews in general. Nicholas D. Kristof, "The Ring of Truth?" The New York Times, 8 April 2003, A23
51. See, for example, Jeff Jacoby, "A Wave ofJew-Bashing in Europe," Boston Globe, 28 April 2002, E7, accessed 3 August 2003, available from Lexis-Nexis Academic database
52. Bat Yeor, "Eurabia," National Review Online,9 October 2002, accessed 3 August 2003, available from Lexis-Nexis Academic database