"Bombingham": Black protest in postwar Birmingham, Alabama

Historian

Volumn 59, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 371-390

  Eskew, Glenn T ^a  

^a GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61249491496     PISSN: 00182370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6563.1997.tb00997.x     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Louis E. Lomax, The Negro Revolt (New York, 1963), 139.
2. See Elizabeth Jacoway and David R. Colurn, eds., Southern Businessmen and Desegregation (Baton Rouge, La., 1982);
3. Carol Estes Thometz, The Decision-Makers: The Power Structure of Dallas (Dallas, 1963);
4. Jim Schutze, The Accomodation: The Politics of Race in an American City (Secaucus, N.J., 1986);
5. Don H. Doyle, Nashville Since the 1920s (Knoxville, 1985), 238-43;
6. Ann Braden, The Wall Between (New York, 1958);
7. Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy (New York, 1944), 622-27;
8. W. Edward Orser, Blockbusting in Baltimore: The Edmondson Village Story (Lexington, Ky., 1994);
9. Clarence N. Stone, Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta 1946-1988 (Lawrence, Kan., 1989), 33.
10. Christopher Silver and John V. Moeser, The Separate City: Black Communities in the Urban South, 1940-1968 (Lexington, Ky., 1995), 10.
11. Oliver W. Leavy, "Zoning Ordinances in Relation to Segregated Negro Housing in Birmingham, Alabama" (master's thesis, Indiana University, 1951), 7-10;
12. Stephen G. Meyer, "'Doing the Master's Business in Alabama': Residential Segregation in Birmingham and the First Dynamite Hill Bombings, 1947-1954" (paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Historical Association, Orlando, November 1993);
13. Carl V. Harris, Political Power in Birmingham, 1871-1921 (Knoxville, 1977), 188, 215-16;
14. Marjorie Longenecker White, Downtown Birmingham: Architectural and Historical Walking Tour Guide (Birmingham, 1980), 57, 111-15
15. "Report of the Birmingham Zoning Commission," 21 June 1926, and John H. Adams to James W. Morgan, 21 August 1946, box 9, file 17, W. Cooper Green Papers, BPLDAM; Buchanan v Warley, 245 US 60 (1917).
16. Leavy, "Zoning Ordinances," 26-28;
17. Lynne Barbara Feldman, "A Sense of Place: Homeownership and Community-Building Among African Americans in Smithfield, 1900-1920" (master's thesis, Florida State University, 1993).
18. Birmingham News, 1 August 1947;
19. Birmingham World, 22 August 1947;
20. Matthews v City of Birmingham, No. 28-6046, N.D. Ala., 1947;
21. Birmingham Age-Herald, 20 August 1947.
22. Detective P. E. McMahan et al. to Chief C. F. Eddins, "Bombing of Three Unoccupied Dwellings," 26 March 1949, box 6, file 4A, Police Surveillance Papers.
23. P.E. McMahan et al., Bombing of Three Unoccupied Dwellings, Ibid.
24. Birmingham Age-Herald, 23 May 1949;
25. Frank Sikora, Until Justice Rolls Down: The Birmingham Church Bombing Case (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1991), 153-54.
26. Lynda Dempsey Cochran, Arthur Davis Shores: Advocate for Freedom (master's thesis, Georgia Southern College, 1977);
27. Birmingham News, 18 September 1977
28. Howell Raines, My Soul Is Rested: Movement Days in the Deep South Remembered (New York, 1977), 384-87;
29. see also Nell Irvin Painter, The Narrative of Hosea Hudson: His Life as a Negro Communist in the South (Cambridge, Mass., 1979), 276-80.
30. Birmingham News, 9 August 1949.
31. Birmingham World, 12 August 1949.
32. Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940, Housing, vol. 2, 9-23;
33. Bobby M. Wilson, "Black Housing Opportunities in Birmingham, Alabama" Southeastern Geographer 17 (1977): 52, 57, n 13;
34. Marjorie L. White and Carter L. Hudgins, Village Creek: An Architectural and Historical Resources Survey of Ensley, East Birmingham and East Lake (Birmingham, 1985), 66-82.
35. Ellen Dorsey to "To Whom It May Concern," 12 October 1951, box 26, file 1, James W. Morgan Papers, BPLDAM.
36. Seventeenth Census of the United States, 1950, Characteristics of Dwelling Units by Census Tracts, 23, 25.
37. Julia Simmons to "Dear Sir," 11 October 1951, box 26, file 1;
38. see also the Annual Reports of the Housing Authority of the Birmingham District, 1952-1957.
39. Geraldine Moore, Behind the Ebony Mask (Birmingham, 1961), 34-38;
40. Robert A. Thompson, Hylan Lewis, and Davis McEntire, "Atlanta and Birmingham: A Comparative Study in Negro Housing," in Studies in Housing and Minority Groups, ed. Nathan Glazer and Davis McEnitre (Berkeley, 1960), 57-58, 62;
41. Wilson, "Black Housing Opportunities," 49-57.
42. Emory O. Jackson to W. D. Kendrick, president of the Jefferson County Commission, 26 March 1951, J. King Chandler, III, to the Reverend R. L. Alford, 26 February 1951, NAACP Papers, Birmingham Branch file, microfilm, BPLDAM;
43. see also Dorothy Autrey, "The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in Alabama, 1913-1952" (Ph.D. diss., Notre Dame University, 1985);
44. Birmingham Post-Herald, 15 January 1953;
45. Birmingham News, 24 July 1953.
46. "The American Heritage Program: A Plan to Raise the Level of Active Citizenship in Our Country," telegrams of Thomas D'A. Brophy to W. Cooper Green, 16 December 1947, Green to Brophy, 17 December 1947, Hayes King [a black man] to Green, Green to King, 17 December 1947 with the note "Your people have endorsed this plan," NAACP's 'Citizens Committee Statement," box 7, file 15, Green Papers; Painter, Narrative, 280.
47. Gaston to Eugene Connor, 5 August 1946, box 6, file 23, Green Papers.
48. see "Declaration of Incorporation" 19 January 1933, box 4, file 3, Jones Papers;
49. See David J. Garrow, ed., Birmingham, Alabama: 1956-1963 (Brooklyn, N.Y., 1989).