The religious crisis of the 1960s: The experience of the Australian churches

Journal of Religious History

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 209-227

  Hilliard, David ^a  

^a FLINDERS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61249418896     PISSN: 00224227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9809.00035     Document Type: Review

References (123)

1. Sydney E. Ahlstrom, 'The Radical Turn in Theology and Ethics: Why It Occurred in the 1960s', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 387, 1970
2. E.g., Sydney E. Ahlstrom, 'National Trauma and Changing Social Values', Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 107, No. 1, 1978
3. Leonard I. Sweet, 'The 1960s: The Crises of Liberal Christianity and the Public Emergence of Evangelicalism', in Evangelicalism and Modern America, George Marsden (ed.), Grand Rapids, Mi 1984
4. Ronald B. Flowers, Religion in Strange Times: The 1960s and 1970s, Macon, Ga 1984
5. A recent major work, which includes a survey of the relevant literature, is Robert S. Ellwood, The Sixties Spiritual Awakening: American Religion Moving from Modern to Postmodern, New Brunswick, NJ 1994
6. Adrian Hastings, A History of English Christianity, 1920-1985, London 1986, p. 585
7. See also Hugh McLeod, Religion and the People of Western Europe, 1789-1970, Oxford 1981, pp. 134-43
8. Ian Machin, 'British Churches and Moral Change in the 1960s', in Crown and Mitre: Religion and Society in Northern Europe since the Reformation, W. M. Jacob and Nigel Yates (eds), Woodbridge, UK 1993, pp. 223-41
9. Ian Breward, A History of the Australian Churches, Sydney 1993, pp. 160-87
10. Roger C. Thompson, Religion in Australia: A History, Melbourne 1994, ch. 6
11. E.g., Donald Home, Time of Hope: Australia, 1966-72, Sydney 1980
12. Helen Townsend, Baby Boomers: Growing Up in Australia in the 1940s, '50s and '60s, Sydney 1988
13. Robin Gerster and Jan Bassett, Seizures of Youth: The Sixties and Australia, Melbourne 1991
14. James Cockington, Mondo Weirdo: Australia in the Sixties, Melbourne 1992
15. Bernice Martin, A Sociology of Contemporary Cultural Change, Oxford 1981
16. E.g., Bruce Mansfield and Desmond Hope, 'Protestant Australia Today: The Sources of Revival', Bulletin, 10 June 1961
17. David Hilliard, 'Popular Religion in Australia in the 1950s: A Study of Adelaide and Brisbane', Journal of Religious History, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1988
18. and 'God in the Suburbs: The Religious Culture of Australian Cities in the 1950s', Australian Historical Studies, Vol. 24, No. 97, 1991
19. S. Barton Babbage and Ian Siggins, Light Beneath the Cross: The Story of Billy Graham's Crusade in Australia, Kings wood, UK and Melbourne 1960
20. We Were Brought Together: Report of the National Conference of Australian Churches held at Melbourne University, February 2-11, 1960, David M. Taylor (ed.), Sydney 1960
21. William Ryder, 'The Australian Bishops' Proposals for Vatican II', Australasian Catholic Record, Vol. 65, No. 1, 1988
22. Richard Neville, Hippie Hippie Shake: The Dreams, the Trips, the Trials, the Love-ins, the Screw Ups... the Sixties, Melbourne 1995, pp. 23-57
23. Cockington, Mondo Weirdo, p. 241
24. John A. T. Robinson, Honest To God, London 1963
25. Keith W. Clements, Lovers of Discord: Twentieth-Century Theological Controversies in England, London 1988, p. 178, and ch. 7 generally
26. E.g., editorial in St Mark's Review, Canberra, No. 32, May 1963
27. J. N. Bagnall, St Mark's Review, No. 32, May 1963
28. I. H. G., Methodist Times, Brisbane, 23 May 1963
29. G. R. W., Presbyterian Life, Melbourne, 24 May 1963
30. Richard Campbell, New South Wales Presbyterian, Sydney, 31 May 1963
31. Eric Osborn, Spectator, Melbourne, 5 June 1963
32. A. W. H., Anglican, Sydney, 13 June 1963
33. H. F. Leatherland, South Australian Congregationalist, Adelaide, July 1963
34. C. A. Pierce, West Anglican, Perth, August 1963
35. Rev. D. B. Knox, Australian Church Record, Sydney, 21 June 1963, p. 5
36. See also Leon Morris, The Abolition of Religion: A Study in 'Religionless Christianity', London 1964
37. Rev. M. B. Ahem, Advocate, Melbourne, 13 June 1963
38. Rev. Dr Leslie Rumble, MSC, Catholic Weekly, Sydney, 30 May, 29 August 1963
39. Colin W. Williams, Where in the World?: Changing Forms of the Church's Witness, New York 1963
40. Harvey Cox, The Secular City: Secularization and Urbanization in Theological Perspective, New York 1965
41. Australian Council of Churches, Church and Life Movement, Life to Spend, Melbourne 1966
42. Frank Engel, Christians in Australia: Times of Change, 1918-1978, Melbourne 1993, pp. 249-51
43. For a conservative counterblast, see the letter of the Anglican Bishop of Ballarat, Church Chronicle, Ballarat, May 1966
44. Australian, 17-23 February 1965
45. E.g., Rev. David Oxley, Pilgrim, Davey Street Congregational Church, Hobart, March 1964
46. Rev. V. R. Secombe, South Australian Methodist, 22 October 1965
47. Australian Presbyterian Life, Melbourne, 26 November 1966
48. Robinson, Honest to God, p. 118
49. Gordon Powell, The Case for Chastity, Sydney 1964
50. See also Leon Morris, 'The New Morality', Church of England Messenger, Melbourne, March 1965
51. Alan Nichols, 'The New Morality ... or the Old Immorality', Australian Church Record, 2 June 1966
52. Church Chronicle, Brisbane, February 1970
53. For the Catholic Church in Australia in the 1960s and 1970s, see Patrick O'Farrell, The Catholic Church and Community: An Australian History, Sydney 1985, ch. 7
54. and 'Australia's Catholics', Current Affairs Bulletin, Vol. 46, No. 13, 16 November 1970
55. Edmund Campion, Australian Catholics, Ringwood 1988, ch. 5
56. John P. Maguire, Prologue: A History of the Catholic Church as Seen from Townsville, 1863-1983, Toowoomba 1990, chs 10-14, for a detailed study of one diocese
57. Maguire, Prologue, p. 215
58. Southern Cross, Adelaide, 30 April, 7 May 1965
59. W. T. Southerwood, The Wisdom of Guilford Young, George Town, Tasmania 1989, pp. 293-7, 315-19, 339-41
60. Standard, Hobart, 31 May 1968
61. Australian, 27 November 1970
62. On the liturgical movement in Australian Catholicism before the Second Vatican Council, see Campion, Australian Catholics, pp. 208-11
63. Southerwood, The Wisdom of Guilford Young, pp. 86-101
64. Owen Chadwick, The Christian Church in the Cold War, London 1992, ch. 7
65. E.g., Peter Gough, 'A Year After Vatican II: Breathing New Life into Catholicism', Bulletin, 12 November 1966
66. Age, 14, 15, 17 April 1967
67. 'Dr Muldoon and Mother Gorman', Nation, 10 December 1966
68. 'The Bishop's Apology', Nation, 14 January 1967
69. See also Edmund Campion, Rockchoppers: Growing up Catholic in Australia, Ringwood 1982, pp. 172-5
70. Monsignor James Madden, Catholic Weekly, 27 April 1961, 4, 11 May 1961
71. 'A Catholic Case for the Pill', Bulletin, 11 July 1964
72. Commonweal, New York, Vol. 80, No. 11, 5 June 1964
73. E.g., Archbishop T. D. Roberts, SJ, 'Questions to the Vatican Council: Contraception and War', in Objections to Roman Catholicism, Michael de la Bedoyere (ed.), London 1964
74. Australian, 30 July 1968
75. Advocate, 8 August 1968
76. 'After the Encyclical', Nation, 31 August 1968
77. Australian, 6, 7, 12 August 1968
78. Vincent Buckley, Cutting Green Hay: Friendships, Movements and Cultural Conflicts in Australia's Great Decades, Ringwood 1983, pp. 261-4
79. John Hanrahan, 'Circus for Papal People Beaters', National Times on Sunday, 16 November 1986
80. For a summary of the statistical evidence, see Gary D. Bouma, 'Australian Religiosity: Some Trends since 1966', in Practice and Belief: Studies in the Sociology of Australian Religion, Alan W. Black and Peter E. Glasner (eds), Sydney 1983
81. John McCallum, 'Secularisation in Australia between 1966 and 1985: A Research Note', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1987
82. Murray Goot, 'Public Opinion', in Australians: Historical Statistics, Wray Vamplew (ed.), Sydney 1987
83. Rector's annual report, St Columba's Church, Hawthorn, Adelaide, Parish News, July 1969
84. Alan Nichols and Warwick Olson, Crusading Down Under: The Story of the Billy Graham Crusades in Australia and New Zealand, Minneapolis, Mn 1970, pp. 66, 99-101
85. For Sunday school enrolments for each state, see W. W. Phillips, 'Religion', in Australians: Historical Statistics, Vamplew (ed.), pp. 432-5
86. New South Wales Presbyterian, 8 January, 28 May 1965
87. Melbourne figures are from the parochial statistics in the Year Book of the Diocese of Melbourne
88. E.g., King's College Council, Master's Report, in Methodist Church of Australasia, Minutes of Queensland Annual Conference, 1966, p. 124
89. Pilgrim, Congregational Churches of Hobart, 9 November 1969
90. David Watkins, 'Changes in the Religious Practices and Beliefs of Students at an Australian University, 1965-1977', Australian Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1979
91. For the 'ministry disturbed' in South Australian Methodism, see Arnold D. Hunt, This Side of Heaven: A History of Methodism in South Australia, Adelaide 1965, pp. 391-4
92. E.g., Spectator, 12 July 1967
93. Australian Baptist, 10 September 1969
94. Australian Presbyterian Life, 14 March, 11 April 1970
95. Norman W. H. Blaikie, The Plight of the Australian Clergy: To Convert, Care or Challenge?, Brisbane 1979, pp. 186-7
96. Australian Church Record, 16 May 1968
97. See, June 1968
98. Australian, 3 July 1969
99. See also Michael S. Parer, 'Priests who Leave', Bulletin, 17, 24 May 1969
100. 'The Departing Clergy', Nation, 29 November 1969
101. Spectator, 13 January 1965
102. Report of Department of Christian Citizenship, in Methodist Church of Australasia, Minutes of Victoria and Tasmania Conference, 1964, pp. 174-8
103. Walter Phillips, Defending A Christian Country': Churchmen and Society in New South Wales in the 1880s and After, Brisbane 1981, p. 274
104. Presbyterian Life, 25 October 1963
105. Malcolm James Saunders, The Vietnam Moratorium Movement in Australia, 1969-73, PhD thesis, Flinders University, 1977, ch. 5
106. For brief accounts, see Alan D. Gilbert, 'Religion and Politics', in Australians from 1939, Ann Curthoys, A. W. Martin and Tim Rowse (eds), Sydney 1987, pp. 209-11
107. Breward, A History of the Australian Churches, pp. 184-6
108. For Methodists in New South Wales, see Winifred Lily Ward, Aspects of Secularized Religion within the Tradition of New South Wales Methodism since 1930, PhD thesis, University of Wollongong, 1988, pp. 193-203
109. Don Wright and Eric G. Clancy, The Methodists: A History of Methodism in New South Wales, Sydney 1993, pp. 190-1
110. C. F. Bowers, 'The Catholic Church in Sydney & the Vietnam Conflict', Australian Left Review, No. 71, 1979, pp. 30-7
111. Val Noone, Disturbing the War: Melbourne Catholics and Vietnam, Melbourne 1993
112. Denis Kenny, The Catholic Church and Freedom: The Vatican Council and Some Modern Issues, Brisbane 1967
113. Noone, Disturbing the War, pp. 272-3
114. Rev. Dr Ian Parsons, South Australian Methodist, 6 June 1969
115. Robert Wuthnow, 'Recent Pattern of Secularization: A Problem of Generations?', American Sociological Review, Vol. 41, 1976
116. Wade Clark Roof, A Generation of Seekers: The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation, San Francisco 1993
117. Ian McAllister, 'Religious Change and Secularization: The Transmission of Religious Values in Australia', Sociological Analysis, Vol. 49, No. 3, 1988
118. Census of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1966-76
119. E.g., Australian Baptist, 20 January 1965
120. Australian Church Record, reports, letters and articles on 'Present Day Pentecostalism', 24 March-2 June 1966
121. Paul Barreira and David Hilliard, 'Filled with Terrific Joy! The Beginnings of Charismatic Renewal in South Australian Methodism', Church Heritage, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1993
122. Philip J. Hughes, The Pentecostals in Australia, Canberra, 1996, pp. 62-3
123. Hilary M. Carey, Believing in Australia: A Cultural History of Religions, Sydney 1996, ch. 7. An important primary source is the Rainbow Archives - An Alternative Time Capsule, ML MSS 5057, Mitchell Library, Sydney