Bad books and bad boys: The transformation of gender in eighteenth-century Northampton, Massachusetts

New England Quarterly

Volumn 75, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 179-202

  Chamberlain, Ava ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61249336019     PISSN: 00284866     EISSN: 19372213     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1559763     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. Samuel Hopkins, The Life and Character of the Late Reverend Mr. Jonathan Edwards (Boston, 1765), pp. 53-54, 55.
2. Sereno E. Dwight, The Life of President Edwards (New York, 1830), pp. 299-300;
3. James Russell Trumbull, History of Northampton, Massachusetts, from its Settlement in 1654, 2 vols. (Northampton: Gazette Printing, 1898), 2:202;
4. Ola Elizabeth Winslow, Jonathan Edwards, 1703-1758 (1940; New York: Collier Books, 1961), p. 207;
5. Patricia J. Tracy, Jonathan Edwards, Pastor: Religion and Society in Eighteenth-Century Northampton (New York: Hill and Wang, 1979), pp. 160-64, 193-94.
6. On the image of helpmeet, see Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, Good Wives: Image and Reality in the Lives of Women in Northern New England, 1650-1750 (1980; New York: Vintage Books, 1991), pp. 35-50, 106-17;
7. See Cornelia Hughes Dayton, Women Before the Bar: Gender, Law, and Society in Connectiatt, 1639-1789 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995),
8. See also Mary Beth Norton, Founding Mothers and Fathers: Gendered Power and the Forming of American Society (1996; New York: Vintage Books, 1997).
9. Hopkins, Life of Edwards, p. 54.
10. Trumbull, History of Northampton, 2:202.
11. Youth was one of four "ages of man" that, eighteenth-century Puritans agreed, formed the human life course. For the boys' average age, see Tracy, Jonathan Edwards, Pastor, p. 162;
12. for a definition of adolescence, see Roger Thompson's "Adolescent Culture in Colonial Massachusetts," Journal of Family History 9 (Summer 1984): 127, n. 1.
13. On colonial adolescent culture, see Ross W. Beales, "In Search of the Historical Child: Miniature Adulthood and Youth in Colonial New England," American Quarterly 27 (October 1975): 379-98;
14. N. Ray Hiner, "Adolescence in Eighteenth-Century America," History of Childhood Quarterly 3 (Fall 1975): 253-80;
15. Gerald F. Moran and Maris A. Vinovskis, "Troubled Youth: Children at Risk in Early Modern England, Colonial America, and Nineteenth-Century America," in their Religion, Family, and the Life Course: Explorations in the Social History of Early America (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992), pp. 141-80;
16. Jonathan Edwards, A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God, in The Works of Jonathan Edwards, vol. 4: The Great Awakening, ed. C. C. Goen (New-Haven: Yale University Press, 1972), p. 146.
17. Hiner, "Adolescence in Eighteenth-Century America," pp. 260-61;
18. Richard P. Gildrie, The Profane, the Civil, and the Godly: The Reformation of Manners in Orthodox New England, 1679-1749 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994), pp. 9, 43, 106-7.
19. Michael J. Crawford, Seasons of Grace: Colonial New England's Revival Tradition in Its British Context (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), p. 23.
20. Edwards, A Faithful Narrative, pp. 147-49, 158.
21. Edwards to Rev. Thomas Prince, 12 December 1743, Letters and Personal Writings, pp. 115-17;
22. Edwards to Prince, 12 December 1743, Letters and Personal Writings, pp. 123-24.
23. Thompson reports two incidents of adolescent group reading of a sex manual in Sex in Middlesex, pp. 85-86, 87.
24. David D. Hall, Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment: Popular Religious Belief in Early New England (1989; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990), p. 54.
25. See Ulrich, Good Wives, pp. 126-35.
26. Fissell, "Making a Masterpiece."
27. Jane Kamensky, Governing the Tongue: The Politics of Speech in Early New England (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 14, 31.
28. See also Dayton, Women Before the Bar, pp. 176-77.
29. Norton, Founding Mothers, pp. 22, 24, 21, 169, 383;
30. Kamensky, Governing the Tongue, pp. 190, 182.
31. Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, A Midwife's Talc: The Life of Martha Ballard Based on Her Diary, 1785-1812 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990), p. 148;
32. see also Carol F. Karlsen, The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England (1987; New York: Vintage Books, 1989), pp. 194-202.
33. For two recent accounts of the Hawley-Root case, see Kathryn Kish Sklar's "Culture versus Economics: A Case of Fornication in Northampton in the 1740s," University of Michigan Papers in Women's Studies (May 1978): 35-56,
34. Report of a Council of Ministers, 29 June 1749, Letters and Papers of Major Joseph Hawley, New York Public Library, vol. 1, no. 8. Permission to print from the Joseph Hawley Papers courtesy Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.