"The power of a morally indignant woman" Republican women and the making of California conservatism

Journal of the West

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 35-43

  Nickerson, Michelle ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61249129290     PISSN: 0025169     EISSN: 19300115     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Edith Van de Water, California Council of Republican Women Scrapbook, 1948, California Federation of Republican Office, Sacramento (hereafter referred to as CFRW).
2. Catherine Rymph, "Forward and Right: The Shaping of Republican Women's Activism: 1920-1967" (Ph.D. Diss., University of Iowa, 1998), 128. All further references to the National Federation of Republican Women that appear without citations are from this dissertation.
3. Van de Water, Scrapbook.
4. Rymph, "Forward and Right," 102.
5. Sara Evans, Born for Liberty: A History of Women in America (New York: Free Press Paperbacks, 1997), 153-154.
6. Patricia R. Hitt, "From Precinct Worker to Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare," oral history conducted in 1977 by Miriam Stein, Regional Oral History Program, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1980, 208.
7. Rymph, "Forward and Right," 140.
8. Hitt, "From Precinct Worker," 84-85.
9. Frank M. Jordan, Secretary of State, The California Statement of Vote (Sacramento: California State Printing Office, 1952), California State Archives.
10. National Federation of Republican Women, "Womanpower for Eisenhower Set," Washington Newsletter (Apr. 1956), 1, Eisenhower Library.
11. National Federation of Republican Women, "News Release" (Mar. 14, 1956), 2, Eisenhower Library.
12. Jean Ward Fuller, "Council Takes Forward Step," The Council (Nov. 1952), 1, Eisenhower Library.
13. Estelle Cleary, "Let's Keep Our House in Order" (Report), Carmel, CA, ca. 1954, Eisenhower Library.
14. National Federation of Republican Women, "Neighbors for Nixon" (Pamphlet), Washington, D.C., 1960, CFRW.
15. Marjorie Benedict, "Developing a Place for Women in the Republican Party," oral history conducted 1977-1978 by Miriam Stein, Regional Oral History Program, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1978, 59.
16. Jean Ward Fuller, "Organizing Women: Careers in Volunteer Politics and Government Administration," oral history conducted in 1976 by Miriam Stein, Regional Oral California, Berkeley, 1977, 49.
17. National Federation of Republican Women, "Educational Arm of the GOP" (Pamphlet), Washington, D.C., ca. 1953-1954, 1-2, Eisenhower Library.
18. Fuller, "Council Takes Forward Step," 116.
19. National Federation of Republican Women, "Womanpower for Eisenhower Underway" (News Release), Washington, D.C., 1956, Eisenhower Library.
20. Joan M. Jensen and Gloria Ricci Lothrop, California Women: A History (Sparks, NV: Materials For Today's Learning, Inc., 1988), 125.
21. Mary Lou Loper, "Women and the Election: Money Grows in Grass Roots," Los Angeles Times (Aug. 25, 1960), Eisenhower Library.
22. Louise Ward Watkins, interviewed by Mary Gentry Cornett, ca. 1936, Louise Ward Watkins Collection, Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.
23. Letter to Betty Farrington, National Federation of Republican Women president, from Niva G. Nichols, Southern California Republican Women's Club president, Los Angeles, CA, July 15, 1949, Eisenhower Library.
24. Letter to Barry Farrington, National Federation of Republican Women president, from Niva G. Nichols, Southern California Republican Women's Club president, Los Angeles, CA, Nov. 30, 1949, Eisenhower Library.
25. Southern California Republican Women, Bulletin (Nov. 1951), 1.
26. Nichols to Farrington, July 15, 1949.
27. Letter to Niva Nichols, Southern California Republican Women's Club president, from Betty Farrington, National Federation of Republican Women president, Washington, D.C., Dec. 7, 1949, Eisenhower Library.
28. "Club Breaks Ties with Two Republican Women's Groups," Los Angeles Times (Oct. 17, 1951), Eisenhower Library.
29. Letter from Jean Ward Fuller, California Council of Republican Women president, to Betty Farrington president, Los Angeles, CA, Oct. 2, 1951;
30. and Letter from Jean Ward Fuller, California Council of Republican Women president, to Betty Farrington, National Federation of Republican Women president, Los Angeles, CA, Nov. 28, 1950, Eisenhower Library.
31. Letter from Mrs. Neil Thackberry, San Marino Republican Women's Club, to Catherine Kearns, National Federation of Republican Women president, San Marino, CA, Dec. 29, 1954, Eisenhower Library.
32. Letter from Mrs. Carlin Herron McGee, Hollywood Women's Republican Club, to Jean Ward Fuller, California Council of Republican Women president, Hollywood, CA, Oct. 4, 1951, Eisenhower Library; and
33. "Women Club New Name," Los Angeles Examiner (Jan. 4, 1957), Regional History Collection, Doheny Memorial Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
34. Mildred Younger, "Inside and Outside Government and Politics, 1929-1980," an oral history conducted 1976-1981 by Malca Chall, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1983, 99.
35. Cecil Kenyon, "President's Corner," The Federation (Apr. 1, 1958), CFRW.
36. "President's Corner," The Federation (May 1958), CFRW.
37. Joann Lynott, "GOP Unit Wants Woman in Cabinet," Los Angeles Times (Mar. 19, 1958), Regional History Collection, Doheny Memorial Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
38. Cecil Kenyon, "President's April Letter," 1960, CFRW Scrapbook.
39. "Republican Women are 'Put-in-Place' by Political Speaker," Newport Harbor News Press, Feb. 1, 1960, in CFRW Scrapbook.
40. For more on women and conservatism, see Rymph, "Forward and Right," Ch. 4.
41. Goodwin Knight, Address of Governor Goodwin Knight, Pasadena, Southern California Republican Women's Club, Apr. 2 Collections and University Archives, Stanford University, CA.
42. Rymph, "Forward and Right," 233;
43. and Samuel A. Stouffer, Communism, Conformity, and Civil Liberties: A Cross-Section of the Nation Speaks Its Mind (repr. 1955; New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1992).
44. Edmond Costantini and Judith Davis Bell, "Women in Political Parties: Gender Differences in Motives Among California Party Activists," in Janet Flammang, ed., Political Woman: Current Roles in State and Local Government (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1984), 114-138.
45. Russell Kirk, The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Conservatism (New York: Devin-Adair Company, 1957), 6-9.
46. and Mary C. Brennan, Turning Right in the Sixties: The Conservative Capture of the GOP (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 30-31.
47. Kurt Schuparra, Triumph of the Right: The Rise of the California Conservative Movement, 1945-1966 (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1998), 94-95.
48. Schuparra, Triumph of the Right, 96;
49. and Lisa McGirr, Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001), 138-139.
50. Jane Crosby, interview by author, tape recording, San Juan Capistrano, CA, Feb. 26, 2001.