Novel tourism: Nature, industry, and literature on Monterey's Cannery Row

Western Historical Quarterly

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 309-329

  Chiang, Connie Y ^a  

^a BOWDOIN COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61149717590     PISSN: 00433810     EISSN: 19398603     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/25443010     Document Type: Article

References (129)

1. John Steinbeck, Sweet Thursday (New York, 1954), 1
2. and John Steinbeck, Cannery Row (1945; reprint, New York, 1994).
3. Ed B. Larsh, Doc's Lab: Myth & Legends from Cannery Row (Monterey, CA, 1995), 12.
4. See, for instance, Hal K. Rothman, Devil's Bargains: Tourism in the Twentieth-Century American West (Lawrence, 1998), 1-9, 187-201, 205-29
5. and Bonnie Christensen, Red Lodge and the Mythic West: Coal Miners to Cowboys (Lawrence, 2002).
6. and M. Christine Boyer, "Cities for Sale: Merchandising History at South Street Seaport," in Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space, ed. Michael Sorkin (New York, 1992), 181-204.
7. For Cannery Row's transformation, see James R. Curtis, "The Boutiquing of Cannery Row," Landscape 25, no. 1 (1981): 44-8.
8. Martha K. Norkunas, The Politics of Public Memory: Tourism, History, and Ethnicity in Monterey, California (Albany, NY, 1993), 49-67, 71, 95.
9. See also John Walton, Storied Land: Community and Memory in Monterey (Berkeley, 2001), 272-6
10. and Hal Rothman, "Stumbling toward the Millennium: Tourism, the Postindustrial World, and the Transformation of the American West," California History 77 (Fall 1998): 143.
11. Martha Norkunas argues that the aquarium "recaptured nature and reasserted its dominance," while John Walton claims that the aquarium "promoted Monterey's growing reputation as a center of environmental protection and education." See Norkunas, Politics of Public Memory, 68
12. and Walton, Storied Land, 253.
13. See also Tom Mangelsdorf, A History of Steinbeck's Cannery Row (Santa Cruz, CA, 1986), 203-5.
14. Robert G. Athearn, The Mythic West in Twentieth-Century America (Lawrence, 1986);
15. Earl S. Pomeroy, In Search of the Golden West: The Tourist in Western America (1957; reprint, Lincoln, 1990);
16. Rothman's Devil's Bargains;
17. Marguerite Shaffer, See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1880-1940 (Washington, DC, 2001);
18. David M. Wrobel, Promised Land: Promotion, Memory, and the Creation of the American West (Lawrence, 2002).
19. Norkunas, Politics of Public Memory, 50-1, 59. While Norkunas makes similar points, her analysis focuses more on the exclusion of Cannery Row's working class and ethnic history than on its environmental history.
20. Anne Hyde, An American Vision: Far Western Landscape and National Culture, 1820-1920 (New York, 1990), 161-74;
21. Pomeroy, In Search of the Golden West, 19-20, 35-6;
22. Connie Y. Chiang, "Shaping the Shoreline: Environment, Society, and Culture in Monterey, California" (PhD diss., University of Washington, 2002), 37-57;
23. Raymond-Whitcomb, Inc., Two Grand Winter Trips to California with Sojourns at the Hotel Del Monte, Monterey, and the Other Famous Health Resorts of Central and Southern California (Boston, 1883), 4, 32;
24. Hotel Del Monte: Monterey, California, U.S.A. (Monterey, CA, 1899). This publication, Hotel Del Monte, is non-circulating and can be found at the Bancroft Library, Berkeley, CA, at F869.M7 H58 1899a.
25. Mangelsdorf, Steinbeck's Cannery Row, 7-9, 19-26
26. and Michael Kenneth Hemp, Cannery Row: The History of John Steinbeck's Old Ocean View Avenue (Carmel, CA, 2002), 34-42.
27. Milner B. Schaefer, Oscar E. Sette, and John C. Marr, "Growth of Pacific Coast Pilchard Fishery to 1942," in Research Report, United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service (Washington, DC, 1951): 17-29
28. and Arthur F. McEvoy, The Fisherman's Problem: Ecology and Law in the California Fisheries, 1850-1980 (New York, 1986), 137-50, 158-66, 179-84.
29. Chiang, "Shaping the Shoreline," 118-20, 150-64;
30. Norkunas, Politics of Public Memory, 29-35.
31. McEvoy, Fisherman's Problem, 150-5;
32. Frances Clark, "Review of the California Sardine Fishery," California Fish and Game 38 (July 1952): 367-80;
33. Dr. Edgar C. Smith, "The Hotel Del Monte Goes to War," Dogtown Territorial Quarterly 49 (2002): 46-58.
34. John Radovich, "The Collapse of the California Sardine Fishery: What Have We Learned?" in Resource Management and Environmental Uncertainty: Lessons from Coastal Upwelling Fisheries, ed. Michael H. Glantz and J. Dana Thompson (New York, 1981), 107-36
35. Ray A. March, A Guide to Cannery Row (Monterey, CA, 1962)
36. and "Monterey Loses More of Its Oldtime Savor," Monterey Peninsula Herald, 20 April 1962.
37. The following four articles appear in the Pacific Fisherman: "5 Tuna Plants at Monterey," 49 (June 1951): 41;
38. "Diversified Canning Operation Sustains Monterey's Economy," 50 (February 1952): 21-3;
39. "Up-Swinging Sardines Hit 100,000-Ton Catch Total," 57 (January 1959): 4;
40. See also Don Mitchell, "Half a Century on Fishing . . ." Game and Gossip 10 (30 October 1959): 13, 27-8.
41. All the following articles appear in Monterey Peninsula Herald: Larry Spence, "Cannery Row Revival?" 26 April 1962;
42. Fred Sorri, "Sen. Farr and the Anchovies," 23 October 1963;
43. Earl Hofeldt, "Anchovy Permit Denied," 11 May 1964.
44. Both quotes appear in Spence, "Cannery Row Revival?"
45. Richard Person, The History of Cannery Row, Monterey, California (Monterey, CA, 1972), 14.
46. All these articles appear in the Monterey Peninsula Herald: "Company Buying up Cannery Row," 26 February 1957;
47. "Cannery Row Plant En Route to Peru," 1 July 1960;
48. Ray March, "Cannery Row Moves to Peru," 11 December 1962;
49. Ray March, "Fishing Industry Booms in Peru," 12 December 1962.
50. Both these articles appear in the J.B. Phillips Historical Fisheries Report: Sal Colletto, "Growing up in a Monterey Fishing Family," 1 (Spring 2000)
51. and Carol Lynn McKibben, "Gender and Ecology in the Sicilian Community in Monterey, 1920-1948," 2 (Spring 2001): 22-3.
52. See also Mike Thomas, "Habit, Stubbornnness and Hope," Monterey Peninsula Herald, 20 April 1959.
53. Monterey County Industrial Development, Inc., Information about Monterey County (Salinas, CA, 1950-1959)
54. and Harold Kermit Parker, "Population, Employment, and Post High School Education in the Monterey Peninsula" (PhD diss., Stanford University, 1952), 95.
55. Elaine D. Johnson, A Sociological Study of the Monterey Area (Monterey, CA, 1968), 61-2
56. and Neal Hotelling, Pebble Beach Golf Links: The Official History (Chelsea, MI, 1999), 116.
57. Richard Raymond Associates, An Economic Analysis of the Monterey Area (Monterey, CA, 1969), 10-1.
58. For the postwar West military build-up, see Roger W. Lotchin, Fortress California, 1910-1961: From Warfare to Welfare (New York, 1992).
59. Rothman, Devil's Bargains, 202-4;
60. John A. Jakle, The Tourist: Travel in Twentieth-Century North America (Lincoln, 1985), 185-98;
61. The Peninsula Tomorrow: Preliminary Area Plan (CA, 1963), 52.
62. Steinbeck, Cannery Row, 5-6.
63. Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer (New York, 1984), 196-7, 225;
64. Joel W. Hedgpeth, "Philosophy on Cannery Row," in Steinbeck: The Man and His Work, ed. Richard Astro and Tetsumaro Hayashi (Corvallis, OR, 1971), 94-5;
65. Katharine A. Rodger, ed., Renaissance Man of Cannery Row: The Life and Letters of Edward F. Ricketts (Tuscaloosa, AL, 2002).
66. Roy Simmonds, John Steinbeck: The War Years, 1939-1945 (Lewisburg, PA, 1996), 153-215, quote on 222;
67. Benson, True Adventures, 553-60, 566-8;
68. Jay Parini, John Steinbeck: A Biography (New York, 1995), 289-95.
69. Quotes found in order: Or ville Prescott, "Book of the Times," New York Times, 2 January 1945, p. 17
70. and Simmonds, War Years, 253.
71. Margaret Hensel, "Cannery Row," Game and Gossip 6 (July 1952): 12, 34
72. Peggy Rink, "Pilgrimage to Wing Chong's," What's Doing on the Monterey Peninsula 6 (9 May 1953): 32-3;
73. Rink, "Pilgrimage to Wing Chong's," 32.
74. John Steinbeck, "John Steinbeck States His Views on Cannery Row," Monterey Peninsula Herald, 8 March 1957.
75. For quote see John Steinbeck to Toby Street, 9 December 1957, Box 3/Folder 28, John Steinbeck Papers, Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, California.
76. Quote found in Paul Carter and David Malouf, "Spatial History," Textual Practice 3, no. 2 (1989): 173;
77. Paul Carter, The Road to Botany Bay: An Essay in Spatial History (Boston, 1987), 1-33;
78. Norkunas, Politics of Public Memory, 51, 56-9, 63, 95.
79. Both these articles appear in Game and Gossip: Dudley Towe, "This is Cannery Row," 9 (3 March 1958): 2-5, 14
80. and Lorraine McNulty, "Old New Cannery Row," 10 (30 October 1959): 2-7.
81. See also March, Guide to Cannery Row and Polk's Monterey Peninsula (Monterey County, Calif.) Directory: including Monterey, Carmel, Del Rey Oaks, Pacific Grove, Sand City and Seaside (South El Monte, CA, 1957). I also used another edition of this work, published under the same name in 1962.
82. Pacific Planning and Research, Monterey, California: General Plan for Future Development (Palo Alto, CA, 1959), 3-4, 11, 20, 25.
83. John Steinbeck, Travels with Charley: In Search of America (New York, 1962), 182-3.
84. "Cannery Row Plan Unveiled," Monterey Peninsula Herald, 29 August 1961
85. and Sydney Williams, Cannery Row Plan (Monterey, CA, 1961), 1-2, 5, 7, 11.
86. Both of these articles appear in the Monterey Peninsula Herald: "Something New Urged for 'Row,'" 25 January 1962
87. and "Urban Renewal Plan Proposed for Cannery Row," 5 May 1962.
88. See also Williams, Cannery Row Plan, 17.
89. "Urban Renewal Plan Proposed for Cannery Row" and Sydney Williams, A Plan for the Cannery Row Area of the City of Monterey, 3d printing (Monterey, CA, 1967).
90. Anne Poindexter, "More Nostalgia than Noise Now, and Only the Faintest of Stinks," Game and Gossip 16 (1 July 1969): 3-8, 27.
91. For similar strategies, see Dona Brown, Inventing New England: Regional Tourism in the Nineteenth Century (Washington, DC, 1995), 169-99.
92. All these articles are from the Monterey Peninsula Herald: "Cannery Row Fire Damage Now Set Above $2,000,000," 28 November 1956;
93. "Fire Guts Monterey Cannery," 10 October 1967;
94. "Man Says He Set Three Fires," 14 August 1972;
95. "Vacant Cannery Row Warehouse Hit by Fire," 11 July 1977;
96. Everett Messick, "$2 Million Fire Guts 15 Cannery Row Businesses," 24 February 1978;
97. Everett Messick, "Last Week's Cannery Row Fire Just One of Many Mysterious Blazes Laid to Arson Over Past Year," 3 March 1978.
98. Mark Hazard Osmun, "Finding Steinbeck Along Monterey's Cannery Row," San Francisco Examiner, 14 June 1987.
99. For decay and relics, see David Lowenthal, The Past is a Foreign Country (New York, 1985), 127-82, 240-9.
100. John De Groot, "Structural Conditions," in Monterey Planning Department, Cannery Row Plan Revision: Existing Physical Conditions Working Paper, July 1972 (Monterey, CA, 1972).
101. Martha Norkunas makes a similar point about a later period in Politics of Public Memory, 71.
102. De Groot, "Structural Conditions."
103. Monterey Department of City Planning, Cannery Row Plan: An Element of the General Plan (Monterey, CA, 1973), 35;
104. Poindexter, "More Nostalgia," 3-8, 27.
105. Monterey Peninsula Herald, 14 April 1960
106. and 25 August 1970
107. and Cannery Row Plan, 29-30.
108. Peninsula Tomorrow, 2, 52-4;
109. Cannery Row Plan, 31, 35;
110. Cannery Row Plan, 23, 26-8, 31, 37.
111. and Lowenthal, Past is a Foreign Country, 175.
112. Cannery Row Plan, 67, 74, 76-7, 79
113. and Brown and Takigawa, Cannery Row Plan Revision: Existing Visual and Design Qualities (Monterey, CA, 1972).
114. Cannery Row Plan, 22-3, 62, 72, 86.
115. Monterey Planning Department, Environmental Impact Report: Cannery Row Plan (Monterey, CA, 1973).
116. For the spread of ecological principles in the postwar era, see Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (New York, 1987), 26-9, 32-4
117. and Hal K. Rothman, The Greening of a Nation?: Environmentalism in the United States Since 1945 (Fort Worth, TX, 1998), 1-5, 84-94.
118. Kevin Howe, "Cannery Row Plan Updated, Approved," 27 November 1973
119. and Kevin Howe, "Closing of Last Cannery Ends Monterey's 78-Year Industry," 9 February 1973, both in the Monterey Peninsula Herald.
120. For the elimination of decay, see Christensen, Red Lodge, 217, 221-6, 235-7
121. and David Hamer, History in Urban Places: The Historic Districts of the United States, Urban Life and Urban Landscape Series (Columbus, OH, 1998), x.
122. Rothman, Devil's Bargains, 16, 369
123. and "Multi-million Dollar Sale of Ben Swig's Holdings on Cannery Row is Announced," Monterey Peninsula Herald, 29 July 1976.
124. For the Coastal Initiative and the Coastal Commission, see Michelle Ann Knight, "A Political Culture of Conservation: Citizen Action and Marine Conservation in Monterey Bay" (PhD diss., University of California, Santa Cruz, 1997), 83-7
125. For Cannery Row development and the LCP, see Tom Mikkelson, "The Aquarium at the End of Cannery Row," California Waterfront Age 1 (Spring 1985): 30-2;
126. City of Monterey Planning Commission, Cannery Row Local Coastal Program: Land Use Plan (Monterey, CA, 1981);
127. Paul Denison, "Cannery Row Turmoil Simmers Over Long Planning Stalemate," Monterey Peninsula Herald, 19 March 1978;
128. Abby Ray, "Frank Crispo," Coast Gazette, 23 April 1981;
129. Larry Parsons, "Cannery Row Survived 5-year Freeze," Monterey County Herald, 1 September 1997.