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Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 16-30

Understanding propaganda: The epistemic merit model and its application to art

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EID: 61149655400     PISSN: 00218510     EISSN: 15437809     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3333623     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (26)
  • 1
    • 0003683121 scopus 로고
    • Introduction
    • ed. Robert Jackall New York: New York University Press
    • Robert Jackall, "Introduction" in Propaganda, ed. Robert Jackall (New York: New York University Press, 1995), 1.
    • (1995) Propaganda , pp. 1
    • Jackall, R.1
  • 2
    • 20744457317 scopus 로고
    • New Haven: Institute for Propaganda Analysis
    • Propaganda Analysis, vol. 1 (New Haven: Institute for Propaganda Analysis, 1938).
    • (1938) Propaganda Analysis , vol.1
  • 4
    • 80054520330 scopus 로고
    • New Haven: The Institute For Propaganda Analysis
    • A Group Leader's Guide to Propaganda Analysis (New Haven: The Institute For Propaganda Analysis, 1938), 41.
    • (1938) A Group Leader's Guide to Propaganda Analysis , pp. 41
  • 9
    • 0010164264 scopus 로고
    • New York: Liveright
    • Edward Bernays, Propaganda (New York: Liveright, 1928), 31;
    • (1928) Propaganda , pp. 31
    • Bernays, E.1
  • 11
    • 80054439932 scopus 로고
    • Propaganda and the Ethics of Persuasion
    • Spring
    • When I refer to propaganda's pejorative sense, I am not referring to an ethical component, but as I will argue, an epistemic one. My aim in this essay is to develop a framework within which propaganda can be fruitfully explored. And I hope that many of those explorations will utilize moral concepts. However, it is outside the scope of this paper to consider the ethical status of propaganda. For an interesting ethical analysis consult: R. R. A. Marlin, "Propaganda and the Ethics of Persuasion," International Journal of Moral and Social Studies 4, no. 1 (Spring 1989).
    • (1989) International Journal of Moral and Social Studies , vol.4 , Issue.1
    • Marlin, R.R.A.1
  • 12
    • 0040245832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press
    • Peter Buitenhuis, The Great War of Words: British, American, and Canadian Propaganda 1914-1933 (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1987). He gives historical evidence that several prominent English writers were organized by England's Ministry of Information in order to wrrite pro-Allied war propaganda. These writers made it look as if it were they were writing merely of their own accord.
    • (1987) The Great War of Words: British, American, and Canadian Propaganda 1914-1933
    • Buitenhuis, P.1
  • 13
    • 61149134701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hitler distinguished between members and supporters, and claimed that propaganda is aimed at supporters
    • Hitler distinguished between "members" and "supporters, " and claimed that propaganda is aimed at supporters.
  • 14
    • 0003596396 scopus 로고
    • trans. Ralph Manheim Boston: Houghton Mifflin
    • Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, trans. Ralph Manheim (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1943), 79.
    • (1943) Mein Kampf , pp. 79
    • Hitler, A.1
  • 18
    • 80054591399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For example, one might construe Hitler as arguing: (1) Economic prosperity is good and economic distress is bad. (2) We are currently in a state of economic distress. (3) Jews are the cause of our economic distress. (4) Eliminating this cause would lead to economic prosperity. (5) Therefore, if we eliminate the Jews, then we will be economically prosperous. This is valid, but based on two wholly false premises
    • For example, one might construe Hitler as arguing: (1) Economic prosperity is good and economic distress is bad. (2) We are currently in a state of economic distress. (3) Jews are the cause of our economic distress. (4) Eliminating this cause would lead to economic prosperity. (5) Therefore, if we eliminate the Jews, then we will be economically prosperous. This is valid, but based on two wholly false premises.
  • 19
    • 61149398038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I am, of course, not suggesting that real atrocities do not take place during war, but merely that their misreporting is a frequent propaganda strategy
    • I am, of course, not suggesting that real atrocities do not take place during war, but merely that their misreporting is a frequent propaganda strategy.
  • 21
    • 61149342536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This presupposed both moral realism and that there are justified true beliefs. It does not however assume any particular account of moral realism or justification
    • This presupposed both moral realism and that there are justified true beliefs. It does not however assume any particular account of moral realism or justification.
  • 22
    • 80054561187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Film, Rhetoric, and Ideology
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • I borrow this term from Noël Carroll, who offered the following account of it in "Film, Rhetoric, and Ideology," in Theorizing the Moving Image (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 279. If something is epistemically defective, "it is either false, or it is ambiguous, or it is connected to other beliefs in ways that are misleading or unwarranted. " He implies that each feature is a sufficient condition. I disagree with Carroll that ambiguity is a sufficient condition for epistemic defectiveness, since this would lead one to believe that all polyvocal artworks are epistemically defective. In other words, if ambiguity is sufficient, then univocity must be seem as the norm. This is often not the case with artworks which pride themselves on multiple and sometimes ambiguous meanings. Nevertheless, epistemic defectiveness is a powerful notion that captures the fact that not only propositions and arguments are evaluated for their merit.
    • (1997) Theorizing the Moving Image , pp. 279
  • 24
    • 61149459462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This would require that one's definition of art did not have a publicity condition
    • This would require that one's definition of art did not have a publicity condition.
  • 25
  • 26
    • 61149476153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview with David Letterman. October 1996
    • Interview with David Letterman. October 1996.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.