Frederick Denison Maurice, Christian socialism and the future of social democracy

Heythrop Journal - Quarterly Review of Philosophy and Theology

Volumn 45, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 137-157

  Marsden, John ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 61149558588     PISSN: 00181196     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2265.2004.00246.x     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Most notably Edward Neale and Thomas Hughes. Neale was to provide much of the finance for the co-operative experiments. For a history of the Christian Socialist Movement and its leading figures the two best sources on this are T. Christensen, Origins and History of Christian Socialism 1848-54 (Aarhus: Universitetsforlaget I Aarhus, 1962)
2. and E. Norman, The Victorian Christian Socialists (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987)
3. See A. Vidler, The Church in an Age of Revolution: 1789 to the Present Day (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961), pp. 40ff
4. G. Binyon, The Christian Socialist Movement in England: An Introduction to the Study of its History (London: SPCK, 1931), pp. 40ff
5. S. Mayor, The Churches and the Labour Movement (London: Independent Press, 1967), pp. 242ff
6. For opposing views on Methodism and the working class see R. Wearmouth, Methodism and Working-class Movements of England 1800-1850 (London: Epworth, 1937)
7. and E. P. Thompson The Making of the English Working Class, 2nd ed. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968)
8. D. Winch (ed.), Principles of Political Economy (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970), p. 31
9. See F. Maurice (ed.), The Life of Frederick Denison Maurice, 2 Vols (London: Macmillan, 1884), Vol. I, p. 459
10. T. Christensen, Origins and History, p. 17
11. See M. Ramsey's discussion of Coleridge in his F. D. Maurice and the Conflicts of Modern Theology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951), pp. 14ff. (14)
12. Also Vidler, The Church in an Age of Revolution, pp. 79ff.
13. See F. D. Maurice, The Kingdom of Christ or Hints on the Principles, Ordnances, and Constitution of the Catholic Church In Letters to a Member of the Society of Friends, 2 Vols (London: Dent and Co, no date), Vol I, pp. 248ff. and 256ff
14. A. Vidler, F. D. Maurice and Company (London: SCM Press, 1966), pp. 212ff
15. Maurice, The Kingdom of Christ, especially Vol I, pp. 185ff. (196)
16. Maurice, The Life of Frederick Denison Maurice, Vol. II, p. 129
17. Maurice, The Kingdom of Christ, Vol. II, pp. 319ff
18. Also A. Vidler, F. D. Maurice and Company, pp. 161ff. and 181ff
19. Maurice, Theological Essays (Cambridge: Macmillan, 1853) pp. 65, 419, 30.
20. Maurice, The Kingdom Of Christ, Vol. II, p. 322
21. Maurice was dismissed from his professorship at King's College over the controversy surrounding his teaching about eternal life which differed from the popular belief in 'everlasting' punishment. See Ramsey, F. D. Maurice, pp. 48ff
22. See Vidler, F. D. Maurice and Company, pp. 242ff
23. Maurice, The Life of Frederick Denison Maurice, Vol. I, p. 155
24. See also Ramsey, F. D. Maurice, p. 22
25. and B. Reardon, From Coleridge to Gore: A Century of Christian Social Thought in Britain (London: Longman, 1971), pp. 173f
26. C. Raven, Christian Socialism 1848-1854 (London: Frank Cass and Co, 1920), pp. 105ff
27. A. Shelston (ed.), Thomas Carlyle: Selected Writings (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971), p. 199
28. See Norman, The Victorian Christian Socialists, pp. 17-22.
29. F. Bettany, Stewart Headlam: A Biography (London: John Murray, 1926), p. 20
30. Peter d'A. Jones, The Christian Socialist Revival 1877-1914: Religion, Class, and Social Conscience in Late-Victorian England (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968), p. 160
31. Bettany, Stewart Headlam, p. 80.
32. Also K. Leech, 'The Christian Left in Britain (1850-1950)' in R. Ambler and D. Haslam (eds.), Agenda for the Prophets: Towards a Political Theology for Britain (London: Bowerdean Press, 1980), pp. 61ff
33. Westcott, who became Bishop of Durham in 1890, was the first President, while Gore and Holland were prominent members of the 'Holy Party' of Oxford dons largely behind the formation of the Christian Social Union. See Jones, The Christian Socialist Revival, pp. 164ff
34. See M. Ramsey, From Gore to Temple: The Development of Anglican Theology between Lux Mundi and the Second World War (London: Longmans, 1960), pp. 14f
35. See Ramsey, F. D. Maurice, pp. 105ff
36. See M. Reckitt, Maurice to Temple: A Century of the Social Movement in the Church of England (London: Faber, 1946), pp. 136ff
37. and R. Preston, Church and Society in the Late Twentieth Century: The Economic and Political Task (London: SCM Press, 1983), pp. 20ff. On episcopal appointments Reckitt writes: 'Between 1889 and 1913, out of fifty three episcopal appointments, sixteen went to members of the C. S. U.' (p. 138)
38. Preston, Church and Society, pp. 15f.
39. Maurice, Lectures on the Apocalypse, 2nd ed. (London, Macmillan, 1885), p. 303
40. On Maurice's relationship with Stephenson see Vol I, pp. 147ff
41. and also F. McClain, Maurice, Man and Moralist (London: SPCK, 1972), pp. 54ff
42. Maurice, Lectures on the Apocalypse, pp. 300ff.
43. See N. Masterman, 'F.D. Maurice: Progressive or Reactionary?', Theology, Vol 76, no. 641 (1973), pp. 575-85 (at p. 584)
44. M. Ramsey has a good treatment of Maurice on sacrifice in F. D. Maurice, pp. 58ff
45. A Note on Christianity and the Social Order' in The Attack and Other Papers (Nottingham: Spokesman, 1981), pp. 167-92 (173)
46. The following discussion draws upon Raymond Plant's Politics, Theology and History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 177ff
47. The recognition of the limitations of the market and the need for a political framework is stressed by Ronald Preston in 'The Moral Order of a Free Society' in R. John Elford and Ian S. Markham (eds.), The Middle Way: Theology, Politics and Economics in the Later Thought of R. H. Preston (London: SCM Press, 2000), pp. 218-30ff (especially p. 227)
48. Here I am again indebted to R. Plant, Politics, Theology and History, pp.196ff
49. The classic text in this regard is J. M. Keynes, General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1936)
50. For a lucid appraisal of the moral dimension of Keynes' thought see R. Preston, 'The Ethical Legacy of John Maynard Keynes', in D. Reese (ed.), The Legacy of Keynes (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1987), pp. 146-165
51. J. K. Galbraith, The World Economy Since the Wars: A Personal View (London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1994), especially chapter 7
52. This phrase of Chomsky's is quoted by Terence McCaughey in 'Hope and the Failure of Ideology: Insight and Vision in Tension' in M. Junker-Kenny, Christian Resources of Hope (Dublin: Columba Press, 1995), pp. 67-80 (at p. 71)
53. The Culture of Contentment (London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1992)
54. Maurice, Theological Essays, pp. 56ff.