The politics of religious conformity and the accession of James I

Historical Research

Volumn 71, Issue 174, 1998, Pages 14-30

  Questier, Michael ^a  

^a Institute of Historical Research

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EID: 61149524948     PISSN: 09503471     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-2281.00051     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. A. Walslmm, Church Papists (1993).
2. M. Questier, 'The phenomenon of conversion: change of religion to and from Catholicism in England, 1580-1625' (unpublished University of Sussex D.Phil. thesis, 1991), appendix III.
3. M. Questier, Conversion, Politics and Religion in England, 1580-1625 (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 121-3, 128, 141, 154.
4. J. Bossy, 'Elizabethan Catholicism: the link with France' (unpublished University of Cambridge Ph.D. thesis, 1961).
5. For an analysis of the Neville affinity after 1570 and its political activities in the North in the period before 1603, see M. Questier, 'Practical anti-papistry in the reign of Elizabeth I', Jour. British Studies xxxvi (1997), 371-96.
6. Calendar of State Papers, Scottish, 1595-7, p. 321.
7. Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers, ed. J. Morris (3 vols., 1872-7), iii. 411.
8. Troubles, iii. 73-4.
9. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1508-1601, p. 576;
10. Calendar of State Papers, Spanish, 1587-1603, p. 681.
11. Sir Robert Cecil said he hoped Margaret Neville's example would induce others 'to shew the like conformity', The Correspondence of Dr. Matthew Hutton, ed. J. Raine (Surtees Soc, xvii, 1843), p. 101;
12. J. Strype, Annals of the Reformation (4 vols. in 7, Oxford, 1824), iv, 426-7;
13. Richard Stapleton was the son of Brian Stapleton of Carleton who had married Eleanor, daughter of Ralph Neville, 4th earl of Westmorland. Brian's brother-in-law, John Darcy, had held Doncaster for the earl in 1569 (H. E. Chetwynd-Stapylton, The Stapeltons of Yorkshire (1897), p. 159;
14. Cyril Arthington, Katherine's son, had conformed completely by 1604, and Anne Arthington, her grandson's wife, conformed in July 1616 (J. C. H. Aveling, The Catholic Recusants of the West Riding of Yorkshire, 1558-1790 (Proc. Leeds Phil. and Lit. Soc., literary and historical section, x, pt. 6, 1963), p. 226;
15. G. Anstruther, The Seminary Priests (4 vols., Ware and Great Wakering, 1968-77), i. 217).
16. Questier, 'Practical anti-papistry', p. 377.
17. J. C. H. Aveling, Northern Catholics (1966), pp. 28-9, 48, 87. In 1570 when Bell failed in his effort to escape to the Continent via London he returned, significantly, to Topcliffe in the North Riding, the principal estate of the earl of Northumberland there. For his political apostasy and conversion to Protestantism, see Salisbury MSS., iv. 240-2;
18. F. X. Walker, 'The implementation of the Elizabedian statutes against recusants, 1581-1603' (unpublished University of London PhD. thesis, 1961), pp. 319-21.
19. For his links with Bishop Mathew and the earl of Huntingdon, see Thomas Bell, The survey of Popery (1596), sig. A3;
20. idem, A Catholique Triumph (1610), sig. A3;
21. For the quarrels over occasional conformity, see Henry Garnet, An Apology against the Defence of schisme (n.p., 1593), p. 12;
22. idem, A Treatise of Christian Renunciation (n.p., 1593);
23. A. F. Allison, 'The writings of Fr. Henry Garnet, S.J., 1555-1606', Biographical Studies, i (1951-2), 7-21, at pp. 11-12;
24. The Letters and Despatches of Richard Verstegan (c. 1550-1640), ed. A. G. Petti (Cath. Rec. Soc., lii, 1959), p. 79.
25. Philip Woodward, The Fore-runner of Bels Downefall ([Douai], 1605);
26. idem, The Dolefull Knell, of Thomas Bell (Rouen [false imprint, printed at Douai], 1607);
27. idem, Bels Trial Examined (Rouen [false imprint, printed at Douai], 1608) ).
28. H. G. Stafford, James VI of Scotland and the Throne of England (1940), pp. 65-7, 87-9.
29. For new light on the prelude to the Blanks conspiracy, see F. de Borja Medina, 'Intrigues of a Scottish Jesuit at the Spanish court: unpublished letters of William Crichton to Claudio Acquaviva (Madrid, 1590-2)', in The Reckoned Expense, ed. T. M. McCoog (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1996), pp. 215-45.
30. D. H. Willson, King James VI and I (Oxford, 1959), pp. 81-115;
31. R. B. Wernham, After the Armada (Oxford, 1984), pp. 455-60;
32. Cal. S.P. Dom. 1598-1601, passim.
33. For the change in Catholic polemical strategy mirroring their preferences for a candidate to succeed Elizabeth, see P. J. Holmes, Resistance and Compromise (Cambridge, 1982), chs. xiii, xiv, xviii.
34. R. R. Reid, The King's Council in the North (1921, repr. 1975), pp. 227, 230;
35. In 1585 Hutton had not denied Sandys's charge that he took a moderate line in coaxing recusants towards attending church (Aveling, Northern Catholics, p. 114).
36. Sir John Harington, A Briefe View of the State of the Church of England (1653), pp. 186-90 (for which reference I am very grateful to Peter Lake). In Apr. 1603 James wrote to Hutton from Newcastle, during his progress south, acknowledging Hutton's letter to him and saying that 'wee cleerely perceave your most loving affection towardes us, as by our trusty servant the Lord of Roxbrough wee have oftentymes heretofore understood', not something which could easily be said of Tobias Mathew (Correspondence of Dr. Matthew Hutton, p. 168).
37. Hutton took a moderate line also when conferring with Richard Stapleton (Acts of the Privy Council, xxvii. 85).
38. cf. Salisbury MSS., x. 204-5.
39. Cf. P. Lake and M. Questier, 'Agency, appropriation and rhetoric under the gallows: Puritans, Romanists and the State in early modern England', Past and Present, cliii (1996), 64-107, at pp. 88-9.
40. A. H. Dodd, 'North Wales in the Essex Revolt of 1601', Eng. Hist. Rev., lix (1944), 348-70, at p. 369.
41. S.J. Watts, From Border to Middle Shire: Northumberland, 1586-1625 (Leicester, 1975), pp. 80-1.
42. Salisbury MSS., xv. 282-3;
43. for Henry Garnet's report of this rumour to Rome; The Complete Peerage, comp. G. E. Cokayne and others (13 vols. in 14, 1910-59), XII, ii. 560-1. Edmund Neville, a pensioner of the king of Spain, had been implicated in the Parry plot of 1584-5.
44. The property in question was part of the estate of the Forcer family, linked by marriage to the Trollopps (Wills and Inventories from the Registry at Durham, iv, ed. H. M. Wood (Surtees Soc., cxlii, 1929), p. 151;
45. cf. Durham Quarter Sessions Rolls, 1471-1625, ed. C. M. Fraser (Surtees Soc., cxcix, 1991), p. 143).
46. A. M. C. Forster, 'The real Roger Widdrington', Recusant Hist, xi (1971-2), 196-205.
47. M. H. Tilbrook, 'Aspects of the government and society of County Durham, 1558-1642' (unpublished University of Liverpool Ph.D. thesis, 1981), p. 648, speculates that Sir Thomas Blakiston owed his baronetcy (in May 1615) to the earl of Somerset Although Tilbrook contests M. E. James's opinion that Somerset's appointment to the lord lieutenancy of Durham constituted a revival of Neville influence in the region (Tilbrook, pp. 188-90), this does not affect the point that the recusant gentry were associating with him. Sir John Claxton was involved in Somerset's attempt to throw the priest-hunter Henry Sanderson out of Brancepeth (P.R.O., Stac. Proc. 8/ 268/ 1, m. 2a).
48. Sir William Blakiston married the second daughter and co-heiress of William Claxton of Wynyard, Co. Durham (Wills and Inventories from the Registry at Durham, ii, ed. W. Greenwell (Surtees Soc., xxxviii, 1860), p. 272).
49. Sir J. Balfour Paul, The Scots Peerage (9 vols., Edinburgh, 1904-14), v. 70.
50. J. A. Hilton, 'Catholicism in Elizabethan Durham', Recusant Hist., xiv (1977-8): 1-8, at p. 7;
51. The Responsa Scholarum of the English College, Rome, ed. A. Kenny (Cath. Rec. Soc., liv-lv, 1962-3), i. 104-5;
52. R. Surtees, The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham (4 vols., 1816-40), i. 92-3.
53. Francis Bunny, An Answere to a Popish Libell intituled a Petition to the Bishops, Preachers, and Gospellers, lately spread abroad in the Northe partes (Oxford, 1607), p. 153;
54. D. Marcombe, 'The dean and chapter of Durham, 1558-1603' (unpublished University of Durham PhD. thesis, 1973), p. 87;
55. citing Humphrey Ely, Certaine Briefe Notes upon a Briefe Apologie (Paris, 1602), chs. xvii and xviii, in reply to Robert Persons, A Briefe Apologie, or Defence of the Catholike Ecclesiastical Hierarchie (Antwerp, 1601).
56. For evidence that the Jesuits in Scotland took a different line over recusancy in Scotland from their approach in England, see H. Chadwick, 'Crypto-Catholicism, English and Scottish', The Month, clxxviii (1942), 388-401 (for which reference I am grateful to Thomas McCoog).
57. J. J. La Rocca, 'English Catholics and the recusancy laws, 1558-1625: a study in religion and politics' (unpublished Rutgers University Ph.D. thesis, 1977), p. 192;
58. M. A. Tierney, Dodd's Church History of England (5 vols., 1839-43), iv. 37.
59. Calendar of State Papers, Venetian, 1603-7, p. 229.
60. M. Questier, 'Sir Henry Spiller, recusancy and the efficiency of the Jacobean exchequer', ante, lvi (1993), 251-66, at pp. 261-6;
61. J. P. Sommerville, Jacobean political thought and the controversy over the oath of allegiance' (unpublished University of Cambridge Ph.D. thesis, 1981), p. 25;
62. cf. M. Nicholls, Investigating Gunpowder Plot (Manchester, 1991), p. 49;
63. Aveling, Catholic Recusants, pp. 230-1.
64. K. Fincham and P. Lake, 'The ecclesiastical policy of King James I', Jour. British Studies, xxiv (1985), 170-206, at pp. 171, 185-6.
65. M. Questier, 'Loyalty, religion and state power in early modern England: English Romanism and the Jacobean oath of allegiance', Historical Jour., xl (1997), 311-29, at pp. 326-7.
66. Salisbury MSS., xviii. 189, 294;
67. Forster, pp. 199, 204.
68. The Memorandum Book of Richard Cholmeley of Brandsby, 1602-23 (North Yorkshire County Record Office Publications, xliv (1988), p. 44.
69. L. L. Peck, Northampton (1982), pp. 56-7.
70. A. F. Allison, 'Who was John Brereley? The identity of a 17th-century controversialist', Recusant Hist., xvi (1982-3), 17-41, at pp. 19-20, 27, 28, 38.