The nature of violence in the middle ages: An alternative perspective

Historical Research

Volumn 70, Issue 173, 1997, Pages 243-268

  Finch, A J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 61149483850     PISSN: 09503471     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-2281.00043     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. J. B. Given, Society and Homicide in 13th-Centuty England (Stanford, Calif., 1977), pp. 35-40.
2. B. A. Hanawalt, Crime and Conflict in English Communities, 1300-48 (Cambridge, Mass., 1979).
3. See P. C. Maddern, Violence and Social Order: East Anglia, 1422-42 (Oxford, 1992), pp. 20f,
4. and E. Powell, 'Social research and the use of medieval criminal records', Michigan Law Rev., lxxix (1980-1), 967-78.
5. C. I. Hammer, 'Patterns of homicide in a medieval university town: 14th-century Oxford", Past and Present, lxxviii (1978), 11f, 22f
6. J, Bossy, Christianity in the West, 1400-1700 (Oxford, 1985);
7. idem, The Counter-Reformation and the people of Catholic Europe', Past and Present, xlvii (1970), 51 -70;
8. idem, 'Blood and baptism: kinship, community and Christianity in western Europe from the 14th to the 17th centuries' in Sanctity and Secularity: the Church and the World, ed. D. Baker (Studies in Church History, x, 1973), pp. 129-43;
9. idem, The social history of confession in the age of the Reformation', Trans. Royal Hist. Soc., 5th ser., XXV (1975), 21-38.
10. Bossy, Christianity, p. 29f;
11. idem, 'Blood and baptism', p. 143f.
12. 'Blood and baptism', pp. 139-42.
13. R. Muchembled, Popular Culture and Elite Culture in France, 1400-1700, trans. L. Cochrane (Baton Rouge, La., & London, 1985), pp. 30-2, 40, 45f.
14. J. G. Bellamy, Crime and Public Order in England in the Later Middle Ages (1973), p. 37;
15. J. A. Sharpe, Crime in 17th-century England: a county study (Cambridge, 1983), pp. 117f;
16. A. Soman, 'Deviance and criminal justice in Western Europe, 1300-1800: an essay in structure', Criminal Justice History: an International Annual, i (1980), 6.
17. 'Un fragment de registre de l'officialité de Cerisy (1474-86)', ed. P. Le Cacheux, Bull Soc. Antiquaires de Normandie, xliii (1935), 291-315.
18. All references to Dupont's edition are to paragraph numbers unless shown otherwise.) Sections of later 15th- and early 16th-century register noted in the edition of the later 15th-century fragments were never published and, like the other manuscripts, did not survive the destruction of the archive in June 1944 ('Fragment', p. 294; 'Répertoire des bibliothèques et archives de la Manche', Revue du département de la Manche, iv (1962), 403, 410).
19. Material from the register has been used to provide statistical comparisons with a study of its sister peculiar of Montivilliers (J.-L. Dufresne, 'La délinquance dans une région en guerre: Harfleur-Montivilliers dans la première moitié du xvi siècle', Actes du 105e congrès national des sociétés savantes (Caen, 1980),
20. tome ii, Questions d'histoire et de dialectologie Normande (Paris, 1984), pp. 82, 183 n. 22, 184 nn. 25, 27, 30, 185 n 33).
21. A. J. Finch, 'Crime and marriage in three late medieval ecclesiastical jurisdictions: Cerisy, Rochester and Hereford' (unpublished University of York D.Phil thesis, 1988), pp. 22f.
22. e siècles): Inventaire des rôles de fouage et d'aide. Première série: Rôles de fouage paroissiaux de 1369 à 1419', Cahiers Léopold Delisle, xix (1970), 1-92. A multiplier of 4.5 was employed to give a rough estimate of population size. One well-known demographic historian of late medieval Normandy cautions against the use of hearth tax returns to establish population sizes rather than population densities (G. Bois, The Crisis of Feudalism: Economy and Society in eastern Normandy, c.1300-1550 (Cambridge, 1984), pp. 33-5, 37-9, [62 n. 52).
23. J.-L, Dufresne, 'Les comportements amoureux d'après les registres de l'officialité de Cerisy (xive-xve s.)', Bull. Phil. & Hist, du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques for 1973 (Caen, 1976), 132 and n. 5.
24. The court at Cerisy also held the rights of secular haute justice, but the relevant registers were destroyed with the rest of the archive ('Répertoire', p. 403). The nearby abbey of Montivilliers in the Caux region of Normandy retained a residual secular jurisdiction into the latter half of the 15th century, although this could then only be exercised in respect of crimes committed during the octave of the feast of the Holy Cross (J. R Sweeney, 'High justice in 15th-century Normandy: the prosecution of Sandrin Bourel', Jour. Medieval Hist, X (1984), 295-313). Likewise in Paris a number of ecclesiastical institutions held rights of seigneurial jurisdiction. They tried many brawls with blood as a result of this secular jurisdiction (B. Geremek, The Margins of Society in Late Medieval Paris, trans. J. Birrell (Cambridge, 1987), pp. 57-60).
25. The accounts of the bishop of Rouen show that 1,642 tonsures were performed between Dec. 1390 and June 1392, and in Normandy from 1409 to 1413, 14,484 men acquired clerical status. At Montivilliers in the Caux region, 42 men received the tonsure in 1386 and the late 15th-century fragment of register records the tonsuring of 36 men by the abbot of Cerisy on Easter Saturday 1476 (Geremek, p. 137 n. 8; L. R. Delsalle, 'La fin du moyen-âge' in Diocese de Rouen-Le Havre, ed. N. J. Chaline (Histoire des diocèses de France, v, Paris, 1976), p. 56;
26. Dufresne, 'La délinquance', p. 182 n 14;
27. 'Fragment', pp. 314f).
28. Hammer, pp. 20f;
29. B. A. Hanawalt, 'Violent death in 14th- and early 15th-century England', Comparative Studies in Society and History, xviii (1976), 319.
30. The 4 who appear as victims are Jean Bernard, Ricard Hequet, Pierre le Paumier and Henri le Portier, who also became involved in a fight (Registre, 81 a, 87a, c, 93b, 141, 148a, 166, 201). Ricard Quesnel was involved in an attempted rape (ibid., 193, 205).
31. Ingerrand Douin, Guillaume de Nulley and Goret Trublart, The last was involved in the fight (ibid., 84d, 107, 143c, 171a, 187, 188a).
32. R. Gosselin, 'Honneur et violence à Manosque' in Vie privée et ordre public à la fin de Moyen-Âge: Etudes sur Manosque, la Provence et le Piémont (1250-1450), ed. M. Hébert (Aix-en-Provence, 1987), p. 55).