The Tohono O'odham, wage labor, and resistant adaptation, 1900-1930

Western Historical Quarterly

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 469-489

  Meeks, Eric V ^a  

^a NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61149219834     PISSN: 00433810     EISSN: 19398603     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/25047346     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Ruth M. Underhill, "Reasons for the Choice of Santa Rosa as an Area of Investigation," in Native Americans and the New Deal: The Office Files of John Collier, 1933-1945 (Bethesda, MD, 1993), Reel #11
2. Martha C. Knack and Alice Littlefield, "Native American Labor: Retrieving History, Rethinking Theory," in Native Americans and Wage Labor: Ethnohistorical Perspectives, ed. Martha C. Knack and Alice Littlefield (Norman, 1996), 3
3. For recent works that explore the impact of urban relocation after World War II, see Donald L. Fixico, The Urban Indian Experience in America (Albuquerque, 2000)
4. A sampling of works that move outside of the New Deal and post-WWll era include Rolf Knight, Indians At Work: An Informal History of Native Indian Labour in British Columbia, 1858-1930 (Vancouver, 1978)
5. Brian C. Hosmer, American Indians in the Marketplace: Persistence and Innovation among the Menominees and Metlakatlans, 1870-1920 (Lawrence, 1999)
6. Colleen O'Neill, "Navajo Workers and White Man's Ways: Negotiating the World of Wage Labor, 1930-1972," (Ph.D. diss., Rutgers, 1997)
7. and Harland Padfield and William E. Martin, Farmers, Workers, and Machines: Technological and Social Change in Farm Industries of Arizona (Tucson, 1965)
8. Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985), 6, 51, 172-82
9. Robert B. Campbell, "Newlands, Old Lands: Native American Labor, Agrarian Ideology, and the Progressive-Era State in the Making of the Newlands Reclamation Project, 1902-1926," Pacific Historical Review 71 (May 2002): 207
10. For a discussion that problematizes Worster's notion of a monolithic federal presence in the West, see Karen R. Merrill, "In Search of the 'Federal Presence' in the American West," Western Historical Quarterly 30 (Winter 1999): 449-73
11. Frederick E. Hoxie, A Final Promise: The Campaign to Assimilate the Indians, 1880-1920 (Lincoln, 1984)
12. See also Alice Littlefield, "Learning to Labor: Native American Education in the United States, 1880-1930," in The Political Economy of North American Indians, ed. John H. Moore (Norman, 1993), 43-59
13. Radding, Wandering Peoples
14. Henry F. Manuel, Juliann Ramon, and Bernard L. Fontana, "Dressing for the Window: Papago Indians and Economic Development," in American Indian Economic Development, ed. Sam Stanley (The Hague, 1978), 519
15. Winston P. Erickson, Sharing the Desert: The Tohono O'odham in History (Tucson, 1994), 69
16. Gwyneth H. Xavier, "The Cattle Industry of the Southern Papago Districts," in Papago Indians I (New York, 1974), 298-301
17. Richard Donald Jones, "An Analysis of Papago Communities, 1900-1920," (Ph.D. diss., University of Arizona, 1969)
18. Thomas E. Sheridan, Arizona: A History (Tucson, 1995), 97-8
19. Ruth M. Underhill, Social Organization of the Papago Indians (1937
20. Anna Moore Shaw, A Pima Past (1974
21. Frank Russell, The Pima Indians (1908
22. Shaw, A Pima Past, 77-80, quote on 78
23. Joseph Park, "The History of Mexican Labor in Arizona during the Territorial Period," (master's thesis, University of Arizona, 1961), 79
24. Underhill, Papago Woman, 68
25. Robert A. Hackenberg, "Pima and Papago Land Use," in Handbook of North American Indians 10, ed. Alfonso Ortiz (Washington, DC, 1983), 172-3
26. Robert A. Hackenberg, "Aboriginal Land Use and Occupancy," in Papago Indians I, 305-8
27. Erickson, Sharing the Desert, 91-4
28. Bradford Luckingham, Phoenix: The History of a Southwestern Metropolis (Tucson, 1989), 15, 20-1, 28-9
29. Sheridan, Arizona, 200, 213, 218
30. James C. Marr, The Use and Duty of Water in the Salt River Valley, Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 120 (Tucson, 1927), 70-88
31. Robert A. Trennert, Jr., The Phoenix Indian School: Forced Assimilation in Arizona, 1891-1935 (Norman, 1988), 3-56
32. d ed., ed. Francis Paul Prucha (Lincoln, 1990), 204-6
33. Hoxie, A Final Promise, 168
34. Littlefield, "Learning to Labor," 43-58
35. Deutsch, No Separate Refuge
36. Rosamund B. Spicer, "People on the Desert," in The Desert People, ed. Ann Nolan Clark (Chicago, 1949), 48-9
37. Underhill, Social Organization of the Papago Indians, 206-7
38. James McCarthy, A Papago Traveler: The Memories of James McCarthy, ed. John G. Westover (Tucson, 1985), 106-7, 117
39. Janette Woodruff, "Annual Report as Field Matron," 1 July 1918, Box 190, Folder "Field Matron Janette Woodruff, 1915-1918," BIA RG 75
40. Frances Manuel and Deborah Neff, Desert Indian Woman: Stories and Dreams (Tucson, 2001), 53
41. McCarthy, A Papago Traveler, 22-4
42. James S. Griffith, A Shared Space: Folklife in the Arizona-Sonora Borderlands (Logan, UT, 1995), 36
43. Wilbur-Cruce, A Beautiful, Cruel Country, 59
44. Sheridan, Arizona, 65
45. Henry F. Dobyns, The Papago People (Phoenix, 1972), 67
46. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1920, Population Schedules, Pima County, Arizona
47. "1200 Men on Strike at Ajo," Arizona Labor Journal, 1 December 1916, 1 (this newsletter was published in Phoenix; hereafter ALJ)
48. "More Residence Lots to be Plotted," Ajo Copper News 24 June 1916, 5 (published in Ajo, AZ; hereafter ACN)
49. Waddell, "Papago Indians at Work," 53-4
50. Peter Blaine and Michael Adams, Papagos and Politics (Tucson, 1981), 118-9
51. Michael E. Parrish, Mexican Workers, Progressives, and Copper: The Failure of Industrial Democracy in Arizona during the Wilson Years (La Jolla, CA, 1979), 13-4 (available in the Chicano Research Collection, Arizona State University, Tempe)
52. Editorial, ACN, 6 July 1917, 1
53. James W. Byrkit, Forging the Copper Collar: Arizona's Labor-Management War of 1901-1921 (Tucson, 1982)
54. Henry F. Dobyns, Papagos in the Cotton Fields, 1950 (Tucson, 1951), 19-20
55. William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, ed. William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin (New York, 1992), 11-22, quote on p. 18