A nearly total affinity - The Deleuzi an virtual image versus the Derridean trace

Angelaki - Journal of the Theoretical Humanities

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 59-71

  Lawlor, Len ^a  

^a University of Memphis   (United States)

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EID: 61149212815     PISSN: 0969725X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09697250020012197     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. This essay extends and in a way completes a series of essays that I started to write in the Spring of 1994: "Eliminating Some Confusion: The Relation of Being and Writing in Merleau-Ponty and Derrida" in Écrit and Différance, ed. M. C. Dillon (New Jersey: The Humanities Press, 1997) 71-93.
2. "The End of Phenomenology: Expressionism in Deleuze and Merleau-Ponty" in Continental Philosophy Review 31. 1 (1998): 15-34.
3. "Looking for Noon at Two O'clock: The 'Turn' in Derrida" forthcoming in The Art of Deconstructive Politics: Reading Specters of Marx, ed. Leonard Lawlor, Hugh J. Silverman and Wilhelm Wurzer.
4. The End of Ontology: Interrogation in Merleau- Ponty and Deleuze" forthcoming in Chiasmi International: A Review Concerning Merleau-Ponty's Thought Vol. 3.
5. "'If Theory is Gray, Green is the Golden Tree of Life': Philosophy and Non- Philosophy Since Hyppolite" forthcoming in Continental Philosophy (special issue on Foucault).
6. "Looking for Noon at Two O'clock" will be the conclusion to my work in progress, The Basic Problem of Phenomenology: An Essay on Derrida's Interpretation of Husserl; all of the other essays will be chapters in another work in progress, The Being of the Question: An Essay in Ontology Today. The Being of the Question will also include the Preface to my translation of Merleau-Ponty's notes on Husserl's The Origin of Geometry (forthcoming with Northwestern UP). This essay is also dedicated to my old friend Fred Evans.
7. Jacques Derrida, "I'm Going to Have to Wander All Alone" trans. Leonard Lawlor, in Philosophy Today (Spring, 1998): 3-5. In these comments Derrida seems to be saying that the "form" of their works is really where the difference lies. I shall pursue this thought in another essay concerning Derrida and Deleuze.
8. Jacques Derrida, La voix et le phénomène (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1967).
9. English trans. David B. Allison as Speech and Phenomena (Evanston: Northwestern UP, 1974). Hereafter cited as VP with reference first to the original French, then to the English translation.
10. Gilles Deleuze, Bergsonism (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1966).
11. English trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam as Bergsonism (New York: Zone Books, 1991). Hereafter cited as BER with reference first to the original French, then to the English translation.
12. Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Qu'est-ce que la philosophie? (Paris: Minuit, 1991) 50.
13. English trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Graham Burchell as What is Philosophy? (New York: Columbia UP, 1994) 48-49.
14. Jacques Derrida, Spectres de Marx (Paris: Galilee, 1993) 215, n 2.
15. English trans. Peggy Kamuf as Specters of Marx (New York: Routledge, 1994), 135, n 6.
16. See Eugen Fink's authorized essay on Husserl's philosophy: "Die Phänomenologische Philosophie E. Husserl in der Gegenwärtigen Kritik," originally published in Kantstudien Band XXXVIII, 3/4 (Berlin, 1933).
17. Collected in Eugen Fink, Studien zur Phänomenologie (Den Haag: Marinus Nijhoff, 1966).
18. English trans. "The Phenomenological Philosophy of Edmund Husserl and Contemporary Criticism" in The Phenomenology of Husserl, ed. R. O. Elveton (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1970) 73-147.
19. Edmund Husserl, "Philosophie als Strenge Wissenschaft" in Husserliana Band XXV (Boston: Kluwer, 1987) 15 and 11.
20. English trans. Quentin Lauer as "Philosophy as a Rigorous Science" in Phenomenology and the Crisis of Philosophy (New York: Harper and Row, 1965) 89 and 83.
21. Henri Bergson, Matière et Mémoire in Oeuvres, Édition du Centenaire (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1959) 321.
22. English trans. M. M. Paul and W. S. Palmer as Matter and Memory (New York: Zone Books, 1991) 184.
23. Edmund Husserl, Vorlesungen zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstsen (Halle: Niemeyer, 1929) section 36.
24. English trans. James S. Churchill as The Phenomenology of Internal Time- Consciousness (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1964).
25. Henri Bergson, Pensée et mouvant in Oeuvres, Édition du Centenaire 1394-96.
26. English trans. Mabelle L. Andison as The Creative Mind (New York: The Philosophical Library, 1946) 188-90.
27. Edmund Husserl, Phänomenologische Psychologie (Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1962) 343. The word rendered as "concealment" is "Deckung. "
28. Henri Bergson, Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience in Oeuvres, Édition de Centenaire 15.
29. English trans. F. L. Pogson as Time and Free Will (Kila MT: Kessinger Publishing Company, no date [original date of translation is 1910]) 17.
30. Edmund Husserl, Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie, I (Husserliana Band III, 1) (Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1976) section 70, 132.
31. English trans. F. Kersten as Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy. First Book (Boston: Kluwer, 1982) section 70, 160.
32. Bergson, Pensée et mouvant in Oeuvres, Édition du Centenaire 1341-42.
33. The Creative Mind 120.
34. Marcel Proust, A la recherche du temps perdu, Le temps retrouvé (Paris: Gallimard, 1954) 230.
35. English trans. C. K. Scott Moncrieff and Terrence Kilmartin and Andreas Mayor as Remembrance of Things Past, Time Regained vol. III (New York: Random House, 1981) 906.
36. See Jacques Derrida, Marges de la philosophie (Paris: Minuit, 1972) 161-64.
37. English trans. Alan Bass as Margins of Philosophy (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1982) 134-36.
38. See Gilles Deleuze, Différence et répétition (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1968) 91.
39. English trans. Paul Patton as Difference and Repetition (New York: Columbia UP, 1994) 66.
40. See also Gilles Deleuze, "Renverser le platonisme" in Revue de métaphysique et de morale no. 2 (1967).
41. collected in Logique du sens as "Platon et le simulacre" (Paris: Minuit, 1969) 307.
42. English trans. Mark Lester with Charles Stivale, ed. Constantin Boundas as "Plato and the Simulacrum" in The Logic of Sense (New York: Columbia UP, 1990) 266.
43. Cf. VP 59/53, where Derrida himself seems to make a distinction between Platonism and the metaphysics of presence.
44. To resolve with some certainty this question of the relation of "reversing Platonism" to "the deconstruction of the metaphysics of presence," one would have to compare carefully Derrida's "Plato's Pharmacy" with Deleuze's "Reversing Platonism. " "Plato's Pharmacy" was first published in 1968, one year after Deleuze's "Reversing Platonism. "
45. Deleuze, Logique du sens 298.
46. The Logic of Sense 259.
47. Jacques Derrida, Spurs, bi-lingual edition.
48. English trans. Stefano Agosto (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1979) 127, 133, 139.
49. There are other ways to describe this fundamental opposition. While Derridean deconstruction distances the presence which had been closeby, Deleuzian destruction brings closeby the presence which had been distant; while Derridean deconstruction is a contamination, Deleuzian destruction is a purification. Indeed, while Voice and Phenomenon demonstrates, by means of Husserl's phenomenology, the impossibility of exiting the metaphysics of presence (VP 16/16, 53/48), Deleuze's Bergsonism determines the progress Bergson made in the actualization of a new ontology outside of Platonism [BER 1/13, 27/34-35; see also Gilles Deleuze, "La Conception de la différence chez Bergson" in Les études bergsoniennes vol. 4 (1965) 111]; in other words, while Derridean deconstruction, in Husserl, aims at showing that the functions of the sign, indication and expression, are not distinct, Deleuzian destruction, in Bergson, aims at establishing a difference in nature between extensity (and its illusion) and duration. Indicative of this opposition between Derridean deconstruction and Deleuzian destruction is the fact that, in Voice and Phenomenon, Derrida always seeks contradictions in Husserl's argumentation (VP 64, n 1/57, n 6)- contradictions which imply a fundamental contamination- while in Bergsonism Deleuze always seeks consistency in Bergson's argumentation (BER 95/94)- a consistency which implies a fundamental purity.
50. Henri Bergson, Pensée et mouvant in Oeuvres, Édition du Centenaire (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1959) 1428-30.
51. In Creative Evolution, Bergson openly approves of Plato's image of the dialectician as the good carver, cutting at the articulations of the real. See Henri Bergson, L'Évolution créatrice in Oeuvres, Édition du Centenaire 627.
52. English trans. Arthur Mitchell as Creative Evolution (Mineola NY: Dover, 1998) 156.
53. Deleuze, "La conception de la différence" 111.
54. Also, Deleuze, Différence et répétition 83.
55. Difference and Repetition 59.
56. Deleuze, "La conception de la différence" 84.
57. Deleuze, "La conception de la différence chez Bergson" 96.
58. See yet again, Deleuze, "La conception de la différence" 87.
59. Undoubtedly, this claim is too unequivocal, since Derrida like Deleuze claims to distinguish his concept of differance from the Hegelian concept of contradiction. But Derrida makes this distinction while keeping himself, as he says, "at the point of almost absolute to Hegel. " Derrida's "almost absolute proximity" (one never finds comments like this in Deleuze) allows me to make such an unequivocal claim. See Jacques Derrida, Positions (Paris: Minuit, 1972) 58-59.
60. English trans. Alan Bass as Positions (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1981) 43-44.
61. See Jacques Derrida, "Violence et métaphysique" in L'écriture et la différence (Paris: Seuil, 1967) 227, n 1.
62. English trans. Alan Bass as "Violence and Metaphysics" in Writing and Difference (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1978) 320, n 91.
63. Derrida always focuses on the reduction because of Fink's interpretation of Husserl.
64. See Derrida, "Violence et métaphysique" 196-224; "Violence and Metaphysics" 134-151.
65. See also Jacques Derrida, Review of Edmund Husserl, Phä nomenologische Psychologie. Vorlesungen Sommersemester 1925 in Les Etudes philosophiques 18. 2 (1963): 203-06.
66. See also, Jacques Derrida, "'Genèse et structure' et la phénoménologie" in L'écriture et la différence 245.
67. Writing and Difference 164.
68. Gilles Deleuze, La philosophie critique de Kant (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1963) 37.
69. English trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam as Kant's Critical Philosophy (Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1984) 24.
70. What here in 1966 Deleuze is calling a virtual image will become what he and Guattari call a concept in What is Philosophy?
71. Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Qu'est-ce que la philosophie? 25; What is Philosophy? 20.
72. Gilles Deleuze, "Bergson" in Les philosophes célebres, ed. Maurice Merleau-Ponty (Paris: Mazenod, 1956) 298.
73. See, for example, Deleuze and Guattari, Qu'est-ce que la philosophie? 36.
74. What is Philosophy? 38. The word Deleuze uses is "tracer. "
75. Quoted in Derrida, L'origine de la géométrie 29.
76. Introduction 45.
77. Deleuze discusses Husserl's concept of noema in Logique du sens 32-33.
78. See for example, Derrida, Spectres de Marx 123-24;
79. Specters of Marx 73-74.
80. Derrida, Marges de la philosophie 206, n 14;
81. Margins of Philosophy 172, n 16.
82. Edmund Husserl, L'origine de la géométrie, traduction et introduction par Jacques Derrida (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1962) 86, n 3;
83. English trans. John P. Leavey as Edmund Husserl's Origin of Geometry an Introduction (Lincoln NE: U of Nebraska P, 1989) 89, n 92.
84. Derrida, Spurs 127.
85. Husserl, L'origine de la géométrie, Introduction par Derrida, 171; Husserl's Origin of Geometry: An Introduction 153.
86. Derrida, Marges de la philosophie 201-02;
87. Margins of Philosophy 168-69.
88. There is no discussion of the Fifth Meditation in Derrida's earlier, 1953-54, Le problème de la genèse dans la philosophie de Husserl (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1991). And he only alludes to the Fifth Meditation in his Introduction to The Origin of Geometry.
89. Derrida, L'écriture et la différence" 182;
90. See Jacques Derrida, Spectres de Marx 268;
91. Deleuze, "La conception de la différence" 98.
92. Cf. Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Mille plateaus (Paris: Minuit, 1980) 356-57.
93. English trans. Brian Mazzumi as A Thousand Plateaus (Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1987) 291.
94. Jacques Derrida, De la grammatologie (Paris: Minuit, 1967) 15.
95. English trans. Gayatri Spivak as Of Grammatology (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1976) 6.
96. Derrida, L'écriture et la différence 225-26, 225, n 2.
97. Writing and Difference 151-52, 152, n 90.
98. Husserl, L'origine de la géométrie, Introduction par Derrida, 87-88; Husserl Origin of Geometry: an Introduction 90.
99. See Jacques Derrida, "La loi du genre" in Parages (Paris: Galilée, 1986) 249-87.
100. See Jacques Derrida, La vérité en peinture (Paris: Flammarion, 1978);
101. English trans. Geoff Bennington as The Truth in Painting (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987). As Derrida shows in Spurs, a masculine style can also at the same time be feminine.
102. Jacques Derrida, Dissemination (Paris: Seuil, 1972) 281-82;
103. English trans. Barbara Johnson as Dissemination (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1981) 249-50.
104. See Jacques Derrida, Aporias, trans. Thomas Dutoit (Stanford: Stanford UP, 1993).
105. See Zeynep Direk, Derrida's Renovation of Experience, Ph. D. dissertation, The University of Memphis, 1999.
106. Jacques Derrida, De l'espirt (Paris: Galilée, 1987) 147;
107. English trans. Geoffrey Bennington and Rachel Bowlby as Of Spirit (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1989) 94.