The British Government, the Channel Tunnel and European unity, 1948-64

European History Quarterly

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 415-436

  Grayson, Richard S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 61149167360     PISSN: 02656914     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/026569149602600304     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. P.R.O., Board of Trade Papers, BT 64/2503: A.K. Cairncross minute, 31 May 1949
2. P.R.O., Cabinet Memoranda, CAB 129/100, C. (60) 18: S. Lloyd memorandum, 5 February 1960
3. P.R.O., Committee of Imperial Defence Memoranda, CAB 3/4, C.I.D. Paper 164-A: M.P.A. Hankey memorandum, 'The Channel Tunnel: Summary of Previous Proceedings', 18 January 1929. Richard S. Grayson, "The British Government and the Channel Tunnel, 1919-39', Journal of Contemporary History, 31 (January 1996), 125-44.
4. Keith Wilson, Channel Tunnel Visions, 1850-1945: Dreams and Nightmares (London 1994). Richard S. Grayson, 'Review Article: Britain and the Channel Tunnel', Twentieth Century British History (forthcoming, 1996)
5. See Grayson, 'British Government and the Channel Tunnel', JCH, 31 (January 1996), 137-8
6. W.N. Medlicott and D. Dakin, eds, Documents in British Foreign Policy, Series IA, Volume VI (London 1975), nos. 68 and 76: A.W.A. Leeper memorandum, 6 February 1929; R.C. Lindsay memorandum, 16 February 1929 and A. Chamberlain minute, 17 February 1929. P.R.O., Foreign Office Political Files, FO 371/14075, W 1599/634/17: R.H. Campbell and V. Wellesley minutes, 6 February 1929 and A. Chamberlain minute, 13 February 1929
7. John Young, Britain and European Unity (Basingstoke 1993), 16-23. For a further review of the literature, see Jan Melissen and Bert Zeeman, 'Britain and Western Europe, 1945-51: Opportunities Lost?', International Affairs, 63, 1 (1986-7), 81-95
8. P.R.O., FO 371/72989, Z 1135/1135/17: C. Shawcross to C. Mayhew, 4 February 1948; D.M. Summerhayes minute, 4 March 1948; FO minutes, 7-8 March 1948
9. P.R.O., FO 371/79143, Z 2963/1372/17: Early Day motion, 7 April 1949. P.R.O., Cabinet Minutes, CAB 128/15, CM 32(49): 5 May 1949
10. Indeed, in 1974 he joined the resolutely pro-European Liberal Party
11. P.R.O., FO 371/79143, Z 3667/1372/17: C. Mayhew to E. Bevin, 4 May 1949
12. P.R.O., FO 371/79143, Z 3953/1372/17: H. Dalton to E. Bevin, 16 May 1949
13. P.R.O., BT 64/2503: A.K. Cairncross minute, 31 May 1949. P.R.O., CAB 129/36, CP (49) 153, Appendix C: Board of Trade memorandum, 15 June 1949
14. P.R.O., FO 371/79143, Z 4220/1372/17: The Times editorial, 24 May 1949
15. P.R.O., Treasury Papers, T 224/226: S. Cripps to H. Dalton, 31 May 1949
16. P.R.O., Ministry of Defence Papers, DEFE 7/1625: Chiefs of Staff Committee, Joint Planning Staff memorandum, 15 June 1949
17. P.R.O., FO 371/79143, Z 4261/1372/17: Western Dept. memorandum, 10 June 1949; C.A.E. Shuckburgh minute, 13 June 1949. P.R.O., FO 371/79143, Z 4532/1372/17: FO minute by J.W. Russell, 22 June 1949. P.R.O., FO 371/79143, Z 4744/1372/17: C. Mayhew to E. Bevin, 28 June 1949; Minutes of Permanent Under-Secretary's Committee, 23 June 1949
18. John Kent and John W. Young, 'The Western Union Concept and British Defence Policy, 1947-8', in R. Aldrich, ed., British Intelligence, Strategy and the Cold War (London 1992), 166-92
19. P.R.O., CAB 128/16, CM 47(49): 21 July 1949. Arguments summarized in P.R.O., CAB 129/36, CP (49) 153: H. Dalton memorandum, 15 July 1949
20. Young, Britain and European Unity, 28-35
21. J.P.D. Dunbabin, The Cold War: The Great Powers and their Allies (London 1994), 142-3
22. Robert McGeehan, The Germany Rearmament Question (Urbana, IL 1971), 10-11, 20-3, 28
23. P.R.O., DEFE 7/1625: Ministry of Defence, J int Administrative Planning Staff memorandum, 30 July 1953
24. Hansard, 5th Series, 537, Written Answers, col. 48: 16 February 1955
25. P.R.O., FO 371153942, WF 1371/4: R. Allan minute, 21 January 1960
26. See also Michael R. Bonavia, The Channel Tunnel Story (Newton Abbot 1987), 60
27. P.R.O., CAB 134/1674, E.A. (57) 8th Meeting: 18 April 1957. P.R.O., CAB 129/87, C (57) 104: H. Watkinson memorandum, 30 April 1957
28. P.R.O., CAB 128/31, CC 37 (57): 2 May 1957
29. P.R.O., T 224/226: A.T.K. Grant memorandum, 1 May 1957. P.R.O., DEFE 7/1625: Ministry of Defence Brief, 1 May 1957. P.R.O., CAB 129/88, C (57) 174: H. Watkinson memorandum, 19 July 1957. P.R.O., CAB 128/131, CC 57(57): 25 July 1957
30. P.R.O., FO 371/145656, WF 1372/1: P.H.G. Wright minute on 'Franco-British Relations', 3 December 1958
31. P.R.O., FO 371/145656, WF 1372/1: J. Collings minute, 13 July 1959; P.H.G. Wright minute, n.d. July 1959; FO to Ministry of Transport, 15 July 1959
32. P.R.O., CAB 129/98, C (59) 123: H. Watkinson memorandum, 17 July 1959. P.R.O., CAB 128/33, CC 45(59): 23 July 1959
33. P.R.O., DEFE 7/1625: Notes of Meeting of Officials, 31 July 1959; Board of Trade memorandum, 13 August 1959
34. P.R.O., FO 371/145656, WF 1372/2: R.W. Munro to J.E. Killick, 4 August 1959
35. P.R.O., FO 371/145656, WF 1372/2: K.D. Jamieson to J.E. Killick, 5 August 1959
36. P.R.O., FO 371/145656, WF 1372/2: British Embassy, The Hague to FO Western Dept., 7 August 1959
37. P.R.O., FO 371/145656, WF 1372/6: R. Burrows minute, 6 August 1959
38. See also, P.R.O., FO 371/153942, WF 1371/1: J.W. Russell minute, 7 January 1960
39. P.R.O., CAB 129/100, C. (60) 18: S. Lloyd memorandum, 5 February 1960
40. P.R.O., CAB 129/100, C. (60) 12: E. Marples memorandum, 1 February 1960; Annex, Report by Officials on Certain Questions Raised by the Tunnel Project, January 1960
41. P.R.O., C B 129/100, C. (60) 18: S. Lloyd memorandum, 5 February 1960
42. P.R.O., CAB 128/34, CC 10(60): 18 February 1960
43. P.R.O., CAB 129/100, C (60) 12, Appendix C: FO memorandum, January 1960
44. P.R.O., Cabinet Economic Policy Committee Papers, CAB 134/1685, E.A. (60) 26th Meeting: 2 November 1960. P.R.O., DEFE 7/1625: B. Robertson (Chairman, British Transport Commission), to E. Marples, 16 March 1960. P.R.O., CAB 129/103, C (60) 172: E. Marples memorandum, 23 November 1960. P.R.O., CAB 128/34, CC 59(60): 25 November 1960
45. P.R.O., Ministry of Transport Papers, MT 124/25: Note of meeting between E. Marples and R. Buron (French Minister of Transport), 17 November 1961
46. P.R.O., FO 371/163499, CF 1051/11: D.P. Reilly (FO) note of conversation with M. de Courcel (French Ambassador), 7 May 1962. P.R.O., DEFE 7/1626: Record of conversation between H. Macmillan, C. De Gaulle, and G. Pompidou, Chateau des Champs, 3 June 1962
47. P.R.O., FO 371/169122, CF 1051/10 and 13: E.E. Tomkins memorandum, 31 January 1963; FO to HM representatives abroad, 15 February 1963
48. See also, P.R.O., CAB 129/114, C (63) 166: E. Marples, 27 September 1963
49. Cmnd. 2137: Proposals for a Fixed Channel Link, September 1963. The experts also considered a bridge scheme, which would have cost £298.5m and posed many problems regarding the navigation of the Straits of Dover
50. See also, P.R.O., MT 124/26, Joint Anglo-French Working Party on the Channel Crossing, Finance Sub-Group, Final Report, 28 January 1964
51. P.R.O., CAB 134/1803, E.P. (63) 5th and 8th Meetings: 22 November and 10 December 1963. P.R.O., CAB 134/1805, E.P. (64) 2nd Meeting: 16 January 1964
52. P.R.O., CAB 129/116, CP (64) 20: memorandum by Treasury officials, 21 January 1964. P.R.O., CAB 129/116, CP (64) 29: R. Maudling memorandum, 29 January 1964. P.R.O., CAB 128/38, CC 6 and 8(64): 23 and 30 January 1964
53. Hansard, 5th Series, 688, cols. 1351-4: E. Marples statement, 6 February 1964
54. P.R.O., FO 371/177874, RF 1051/20: FO to HM representatives abroad, 3 July 1964
55. Barbara Castle, The Castle Diaries, 1964-70 (London 1984), 133, 136: 13 and 21 June 1966.
56. Richard Crossman, The Diaries of a Cabinet Minister, Volume One: Minister of Housing, 1964-66 (London 1975), 544: 21 June 1966
57. John Campbell, Edward Heath: A Biography (London 1993), 380-1
58. Tony Benn, Against the Tide: Diaries, 1973-76 (London 1990), 73, 300: 22 October 1973 and 14 January 1975.
59. Barbara Castle, The Castle Diaries, 1974-76 (London 1980), 230, 281: 21 November 1974 and 16 January 1975
60. A start has been made in Kathleen Burk, Morgan Grenfell, 1838-1988: The Biography of a Merchant Bank (Oxford 1989), 210-14. This mainly covers the role of bankers in the 1980s