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This suggests that we should draw a distinction of the kind Rawls famously drew between natural and moral shame. Cf. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1971), 290
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This is not to say that there is no important continuity between bodily shame and other forms of shame. But, according to Velleman, who does stress this continuity, this emotion is anything but superficial: in shame, the person fails to manifest her agency in her eyes or those of others, i.e. appears as less than a person. See David J. Velleman, 'The Genesis of Shame', Philosophy and Public Affairs, 30:1 (2001)
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For a thorough review of the relevant empirical literature, see June P. Tangney and Ronda L. Dearing, Shame and Guilt (New York: Guilford Press, 2002)
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See, e.g., Gilbert, 'Evolution, Social Roles' and Daniel Fessler, 'Shame in Two Cultures: Implications for Evolutionary Approaches', Journal of Cognition and Culture, 4:2 (2004), 207-62
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