Cultural access, participation, and citizenship in the emerging consumer-network society

Convergence

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 41-48

  Lillie, Jonathan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61049485551     PISSN: 13548565     EISSN: 17487382     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/135485650501100205     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. For a detailed analysis of another corporate narrative of the network society, Hewlett-Packard's Cooltown, see Jonathan Lillie, 'Technotopic Narratives & Networked Subjects: Preparations for Everyday Life in Cooltown', The American Communication Journal, 7, no. 1 (2004) at www.acjournal.org/
2. As opposed to most commercial mobile texts, which target consumers, the DRM White Paper is intended for those involved in the business and technical side of the lucrative mobile phone market
3. Nokia.com, Open Standards for Digital Rights Management Enhances Paid Content Model White Paper, Nokia.com, 2002. http://www.nokia.eom/nokia/0,,56917, 00.html (25 February 2005). In my opinion, the use of the two Nokia images in this article constitute 'fair use' as defined under US and international copyright law. I am including these images for educational purposes. Furthermore, this article is making a critical and political comment/critique of these images and the document from which they were cropped. This document is available to the public via Nokia.com
4. The DRM standard, set by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA), presents three specific methods for digital rights management: 'Forward-lock', 'Combined Delivery', and 'Separate Delivery'. A media object with Forward-lock cannot be forwarded to other mobiles, thereby restricting the object to one device. Examples of media objects include ringtones, news packets, and different types of images and music. With Combined Delivery, a variety of usage rights are specified by the content provider for a specific media object. Separate Delivery means that the media rights and content are separate, which among other functions allows users to forward content, but the person receiving it would need to obtain rights to use it in different ways. The OMA's web site, http://www.openmobilealliance.org, articulates the group's mission as growing 'the market for the entire mobile industry by removing the barriers to global user adoption and by ensuring seamless application interoperability while allowing businesses to compete through innovation and differentiation'. Most sponsors and members of the OMA are global and regional companies in the wireless and mobile industries. Nokia is listed as one of the OMA's sponsors
5. The music and motion picture industries have become increasingly aggressive in their attempts to curtail unauthorised distribution and copying of copyrighted digital media files. See 11, no. 2 (February 2003) of Wired Magazine for more information on the music industry's recent attempt to attack illegal use of copyrighted digital files and the industry's crisis in general
6. See also J.P. Barlow, 'The Next Economy Of Ideas: Will Copyright Survive the Napster Bomb? Nope, but Creativity Will,' Wired, 8, no. 10 (2000)
7. Even then, only certain models are designed for web access and using image files (JPGs and GIFs) and audio files (WAVs and MP3s) in certain ways. Furthermore, the number of web pages that users can access to get these types of files is much smaller than those available to web surfers using laptops or desktop computers. Also, at this stage, software for mobiles is very limited in terms of power and diversity, compared to larger computers in which users can use applications to modify, copy, and distribute media files in a variety of ways
8. Larry Grossberg, We Gotta Get Out of This Place: Popular Conservatism and Postmodern Culture (London: Routledge, 1990)
9. Nokia White Paper
10. T.H. Marshall, Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays (London: Cambridge, 1950)
11. See Gerald Delanty, Citizenship in a Global Age (Buckingham: Open University Press, 2000)
12. The next phase of DRM technology is being designed to enable increased security to 'ensure authenticity and integrity of both content and rights. Higher security is important to protect applications as they become more sophisticated and hence, higher value' (Nokia White Paper). Examples of such content include high quality music, symbian applications, and audio and video streams. According to the White Paper, the combination of these new services with DRM methods will enable 'new value chain configurations' based on content protection, backup, distribution, and adaptation
13. George Myerson, Heidegger, Habermas and the Mobile Phone (Cambridge, UK: Icon, 2001), pp. 62-63
14. Jay D. Bolter and R. Grusin, Remediation: Understanding New Media (London: MIT Press, 2000)
15. Mark Andrejevic, 'Tracing Space: Monitored Mobility in the Era of Mass Customization,' Space & Culture, 6, no. 2 (2003), pp. 134
16. Harold Innis, The Bias of Communication (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1951)
17. Ithiel de Sola Pool, Forecasting the Telephone: A Retrospective Technology Assessment of the Telephone (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1984)
18. See for example, Howard Rheingold, Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution (New York: Perseus, 2002)
19. and Adriana de Souza e Silva, 'Mobile Networks and Public Places: Bringing Multiuser Environments into the Physical Space,' Convergence, 10, no. 2 (2004), pp. 18-25