Christian salvation through Muslim domination: Divine punishment and Syriag apocalyptic expectation in the seventh and eighth centuries

Medieval Encounters

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 203-218

  Villagomez, Cynthia ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 61049437590     PISSN: 13807854     EISSN: 15700674     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/157006798X00124     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Mar Isaacus Ninivita, De Perfectione religiosa, ed. P. Bedjan (Paris: 1909), p. 45
2. Adela Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis: The Power of the Apocalypse (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1984), p. 105
3. In a recent article entitled, "Muslim Apocalyptic and Jihad," David Cook argues that "Apocalyptic is the history of the future; it seeks to point out exactly where humanity is in relation to [a more hopeful] 'future history' and what events will have to take place before it becomes reality." These "Apocalyptic traditions are designed to give people energy and encouragement in difficult situations, certainly in the face of despair...." Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, vol. 20 (1996), pp. 66-67
4. Judith Herrin, The Formation of Christendom, revised ed. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1989), p. 133
5. Robert Hoyland, Historical introduction to The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian Chronicles, by Andrew Palmer (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1993), pp. xiv-xv
6. Brannon M. Wheeler, "Imagining the Sasanian Capture of Jerusalem: 'The Prophecy and Dream of Zerubbabel' and Antiochus Strategos' 'Capture of Jerusalem'," Orientalia Christiana Periodica 57 (1991): 76
7. Kaegi, Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests, pp. 207, 211-212
8. A.H.M. Jones, The Later Roman Empire: 284-602, 2 vols. (Basil Blackwell and Mott Ltd., 1964
9. reprint ed., John Hopkins University Press, 1986), I: 316-317
10. cf., Michael G. Morony, Iraq After the Muslim Conquest (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), p. 327
11. Jones, The Later Roman Empire, I: 316
12. Elizabeth Dawes and Norman Baynes, trans. Three Byzantine Saints: Contemporary Biographies Translated from the Greek (Crestwood, New York: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1977), pp. 176-177
13. Adela Yarbro Collins, "Introduction: Early Christian Apocalypticism, "Early Christian Apocalypticism: Genre and Social Setting. Semeia, vol. 36 (1986), p. 2
14. George W.E. Nickelsburg, "Social Aspects of Palestinian Jewish Apocalypticism," in Apocalypticism in the Mediterranean World and the Near East, ed. David Hellholm (Tubingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1983), p. 642
15. Wayne A. Meeks, "Social Functions of Apocalyptic Language in Pauline Christianity," in Apocalypticism in the Mediterranean World and the Near East, p. 688
16. Francisco Javier Martinez, "The Apocalyptic Genre in Syriac: The World of Pseudo-Methodius," Orientalia Christiana Analecta 229 (1987): 338
17. Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari, Tarikh al-rasul wa'l-muluk, M.J. De Goeje, ed. (Leiden: 1879-1901); vol. II: 796
18. Michael Fishbein, trans., The History of al-Tabari: The Victory of the Marwanids (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990), p. 169
19. J.G. Reinink, ed. Die Syrische Apokalypse des Pseudo-Methodius (Louvain: Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium Scriptores Syri, vol. 220, 1993): p. 38 Syriac text; Sebastian Brock, "An Extract from the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius," in The Seventh Century in West-Syrian Chronicles, ed. and trans. Andrew Palmer (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1993), p. 237 English trans
20. Arthur Voobus, History of Asceticism in the Syrian Orient: A Contribution to the History of Culture in the Near East (Louvain: Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium Subsidia, vol. 81, 1988), p. 355
21. Acknowledging that apocalyptic texts can be deliberately obscure, Paul Alexander writes, "It is surprising ... that apocalypses have not been used as historical sources for late ancient and early medieval times for which the documentation is less [than] satisfactory and where every scrap of information must be used for the reconstruction of events." He suggests that apocalypses could be used to "fill some of the gaps left by more conventional historical texts." "Medieval Apocalypses as Historical Sources," The American Historical Review 73 (1968): 997-998
22. Sidney H. Griffith, "Muhammad and the Monk Bahira: reflections on a Syriac and Arabic Text from Early Abbasid Times," Oriens Christianus 79 (1995): 149
23. Sidney H. Griffith, "Ephraem, the Deacon of Edessa, and the Church of the Empire," in Diakonia. Studies in Honor of Robert T. Meyer, T. Halton and J. P. Williman eds. (Washington, 1986), p. 33
24. Robert Murray, Symbols of Church and Kingdom: A Study in Early Syriac Tradition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975), pp. 110-111
25. Sidney H. Griffith, "Ephraem the Syrian's Hymn 'Against Julian': Meditations on History and Imperial Power." Vigiliae Christianae 41 (1987): 249
26. Han J.W. Drijvers, "The Syriac Romance of Julian: Its Function, Place of Origin and Original Language," Orientalia Christiana Analecta 247 (1992): 206
27. Griffith, "Ephraem the Syrian's Hymns 'Against Julian.'" p. 257
28. Stephen Bonian, "St. Ephrem on war, Christian suffering, and the Eucharist," Parole de l'Orient 11 (1983): 159-160
29. William Wright, trans. The Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite (Cambridge: 1882), p. 1
30. Reinink, Die Syrische Apocalypse des Pseudo-Methodius, pp. 36-37 Syriac Text
31. Brock, "The Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius, pp. 236-237 English trans
32. Han J.W. Drijvers, "The Gospel of the Twelve Apostles: A Syriac Apocalypse from the Early Islamic Period," in Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, Vol. I: The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East: Problems in the Literary Source Material. (The Darwin Press, 1992), p. 200
33. Reinink, Die Syrische Apokalypse des Pseudo-Methodius, pp. 23-25 Syriac text
34. G.J. Reinink, "Ps.-Methodius: A Concept of History in Response to the Rise of Islam," in The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, pp. 149-187
35. Francisco Javier Martinez, "The Perception of Rome and the 'Roman' Empire in the Syriac Tradition," Eighth Annual byzantine Studies Conference Abstract of Papers (Chicago, 1982), pp. 38-39
36. J.P. Alexander, "The Medieval Legend of the Last Roman Emperor and its Messianic Origin," Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 41 (1978): 1-15
37. A. Mingana, ed. "Ktaba d-Resh Melle," Sources Syriaques I (1908), p. 162 Syriac text
38. S. Brock, "North Mesopotamia in the Late Seventh Century: Book XV of John Bar Penkaye's Ris Melle," Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 9 (1987): 69 English trans
39. F. Nau, "Revelations et Legendes. Methodius. Clement. - Andronicus," Journal Asiatique 9, series 11 (1917): 426-427 Syriac text
40. S. Brock, "The Edessene Apocalyptic Fragment," in The Seventh Century in West-Syrian Chronicles, p. 244 English trans
41. S. Brock, "A Syriac Life of John of Dailum," Parole de l'Orient 10 (1981-1982): 139-140; 148-149; 165, 167-168; 187, 188-189