Women, wax and anatomy in the 'century of things'

Renaissance Studies

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 522-550

  Dacome, Lucia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61049430839     PISSN: 02691213     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-4658.2007.00461.x     Document Type: Article

References (163)

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3. Recent works on Morandi's life and work include: V. Ottani e G. Giuliani-Piccari, 'L'opera di Anna Morandi Manzolini nella ceroplastica anatomica bolognese', in Alma Mater Studiorum - La presenza femminile dal XVIII al XX secolo. Ricerche sut rapporto donna/cultura universitaria nell' Ateneo bolognese (Bologna, 1988), 81-103
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22. Annonces, affiches, et avis divers, 3 (1755), 11. My thanks to Emma Spary for drawing my attention to this text
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33. Quoted in B. Nance, Turquet de Mayerne as Baroque Physidan: The Art of Medical Portraiture (Amsterdam and New York, 2001), 24. My thanks to Silvia de Renzi for drawing my attention to de Mayerne's wax model
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46. On Morandi's self-portrait, see Messbarger, 'Waxing Poetic', 92-95
47. See also L. Dacome, 'Waxworks and the Performance of Anatomy in Mid- Eighteenth-Century Italy', Endeavour, 30/1 (2006), esp. 32-33
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54. See F. H. Jacobs, 'Woman's Capacity to Create: the Unusual Case of Sofonisba Anguissola', Renaissance Quarterly, 47/1 (1994), 74-101
55. and K. Park, Secrets of Women: Gender Generation, and the Origins of Human Dissections (New York, 2006)
56. According to the Aristotelian model of generation, the male seed gave form to female bodily matter identified by Aristotle with menstrual blood. Maintaining that both parents provided seed in conception, Galen attributed a more active role to the maternal body, but considered the maternal seed weaker and less perfect than the paternal one. The understanding of parental roles in terms of impression of form on matter remained widely current throughout the medieval period. See J. F. Bestor, 'Ideas about Procreation and Their Influence on Ancient and Medieval Views of Kinship', in D. I., Kertzer and R. P. Saller (eds.), The Family in Italy from Antiquity to the Present (New Haven and London, 1991), 152-159
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58. See H. W. Roodenburg, 'The Maternal Imagination. The Fears of Pregnant Women in Seventeenth-Century Holland', Journal of Social History, 21/4 (1988), 701-716
59. M. H. Huet, Monstrous Imagination (Cambridge: Mass., 1993)
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61. C. Pancino, Voglie materne: Storia di una credenza (Bologna, 1996)
62. V. Finucci, 'Maternal Imagination and Monstrous Birth: Tasso's Gerusalemme liberata', in V. Finucci and K. Brownlee (eds.), Generation and Degeneration: Tropes of Reproduction in Literature and History from Antiquity through Early Modern Europe (Durham and London, 2001), 41-77
63. S. de Renzi, 'Resemblance, Paternity and Imagination in Early Modern Courts', in S. Mueller-Wille and H. J. Rheinberger (eds.), Heredity Produced: At the Cross Road of Biology, Politics and Culture, 1550-1870 (Cambridge: Mass, 2007), forthcoming
64. and M. Terrall 'Material Impressions: Force, Conception and the Maternal Imagination', forthcoming
65. See also M. E. Fissell, 'Hairy Women and Naked Truths: Gender and the Politics of Knowledge in Aristotle's Masterpiece, The William and Mary Quarterly, 60/1 (2003), 43-74
66. and idem, Vernacular Bodies: The Politics of Reproduction in Early Modern England (Oxford, 2004), esp. 207ff
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69. See E. B. Gasking, Investigations into Generation, 1651-1828 (London, 1967)
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81. Vallisneri, Istoria della generazione, 240-241. On resemblance and maternal imagination in early modern Italy, see de Renzi, 'Resemblance, Paternity and Imagination'
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97. See also Mazzolini, 'Plastic Anatomies and Artificial Dissections in Models', 47
98. G. Tumiati, Ehmenti d'anatomia (Ferrara, 1800), Vol. II, 192 ff
99. Quoted in M. Bresadola, 'Modellare il corpo. Giovanni Tumiati e lo studio dell'anatomia alla fine del Settecento', in M. Bresadola, S. Cardinali and P. Zanardi (eds.), La casa delle scienze. Palazzo Paradiso e i luoghi del sapere nella Ferrara del Settecento (Padua, 2006), 169
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103. S. Loriga, 'A Secret to Kill the King: Magic and Protection in Piedmont in the Eighteenth Century', in E. Muir and G. Ruggiero (eds.), History from Crime, trans. C. Biazzo Curry et al. (Baltimore, 1994), 88-109. I am grateful to Sandra Cavallo for bringing Loriga's work to my attention
104. On the 'natural', the 'preternatural' and the 'supernatural', see S. Clark, Thinking with Demons: The Idea of Witchcraft in Early Modern Italy (Oxford, 1997)
105. and L. Daston, 'The Nature of Nature in Early Modern Europe', Configurations, 6/2 (1998), 149-172
106. See O. Niccoli, La vita religiosa nell'Italia moderna. Secoli XV-XVIII (Rome, 1998), 178
107. ASB, Demaniale, Domenicane di San Pietro Martire: 45-2019, 'Scritture concernenti la vita, e la morte di Suor Maddalena Laura Catterina Chiarini', 24-26. Thanks to Domenico Mendori for drawing my attention to this source
108. BCAB, M. Oretti, Notizie de' Professori del Dissegno cioè Pittori, Scultori ed Architetti Bolognesi e de' Forestieri di sua scuola raccolte, MS B 133, 304-305
109. See A. Prosperi, Tribunali della coscienza. Inquisitori, confessori, missionari (Turin, 1996), 455 ff
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112. Rosa, Settecento religioso, Chapter 2
113. and F. Vidal, 'Extraordinary Bodies and the Physicotheological Imagination', in Daston and Pomata (eds.), The Faces of Nature, esp. 77-78
114. rd ed., Book III, Chapter 51 and Book IV, Chapter 33
115. On Lambertini's uses of medical knowledge, see D. Gorce, L'oeuvre médicale de Prospero Lambertini (Pape Benoît XTV) (Bordeaux, 1915)
116. Lambertini, De servorum Dei beatificatione, Book III, 366-367
117. See F. Boespflug, Dieu dans l'art: Sollicitudini Nostrae de Benoît XIV (1745) et l'affaire Crescence de Kaufbeuren (Paris, 1984)
118. See for instance F. Bisogni, 'Ex voto e la Scultura in cera nel Tardo Medioevo', in A. Ladis and S. E. Zuraw (eds.), Visions of Holiness: Art and Devotion in Renaissance Italy (Athens: Georgia, 2001), 67-91
119. Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Arm. Misc. IV-V, n. 5, 'Editto per li Agnus Dei e Reliquie'
120. S. Melli, La comare levatrice istruita nel suo ufizio secondo le regole più certe e gli ammaestramenti più moderni (Venice, 1721), 228
121. G. G. Bolletti, Dell'origine e de'progressi dell'Instituto delle Scienze di Bologna [1751] (Bologna, 1767), 72
122. AAB, Par. S.Nicola degliAlbari, Liber Matrimoniorum, 1730-1779. f. 15 (24 November 1740)
123. For Anna Morandi's dowry, see ASB, Ufficio del Registro, Libro delle copie 351, fols. 603r-604r
124. On the system of charity dispensing dowries to the needy women of Bologna, see I. Chabot and M. Fornasari, L'economia della carità. Le doti del Monte di Pietà di Bologna (secoli XVI-XX), (Bologna, 1997)
125. and M. Carboni, Le doti della «povertà». Famiglia, risparmio, previdenza: il Monte del Matrimonio di Bologna (1583-1796) (Bologna, 1999)
126. See, for instance, L. Crespi, Felsina Pittrice. Vite de' Pittori Bolognesi (Roma, 1769), Vol. III, 303 and 309-310
127. G. Giordani, Articolo di Biografia a lode dell'Anna Morandi Manzolini, celebre anatomica (Bologna, 1835), 7-8
128. and M. Medici, 'Elogio di Giovanni, e di Anna Morandi coniugi Manzolini', in Memorie della Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna, 8 (1857), 3-26, esp. 15
129. ASB, Orfanotrofio di San Bartolomeo, Filze e Congregazioni (9), Libri degli Atti dei Governatori, 3: 1720-1761, f. 85r-v
130. See also J. Richard, Description historique et critique de l'Italie (Paris, 1769), Tome II, 142-144
131. ASB, Governo Misto, Senato, Filza 81, fols. 709r-715v
132. ASB, Gabella Grossa, Atti delle Congregazioni (1753-1759), I/42, fols. 112r-v
133. ASB, Senato, Filza 81, fols. 709r-715v
134. BCAB, Fondo Mondini, Cart.VIII, n. 3
135. See Berti Logan, 'Women and the Practice', 513
136. Zanotti, 'De re obstetrida', 88-89
137. Bianchi, 'Lettera del Signor Dottor Giovanni Bianchi'
138. Richard, Description historique et critique de l'Italie, Tome II, 118
139. G. Fantuzzi, 'Morandi Manzolini Anna', in Notizie degli scrittori bolognesi (Bologna, 1788), Tomo VI, 115
140. and Giordani, Articolo di Biografia, 10
141. On patriliny in early modern Italy, see for instance G. Pomata, 'Family and Gender', in J. A. Marino (ed.), Early Modern Italy: 1550-1796 (Oxford, 2002), 69-86
142. See also Crespi, Felsina Pittrice, 311
143. and Richard, Description, 142-145
144. Berti Logan, 'Women and the Practice', 515 (n. 22)
145. Luigi Galvani, 'De Manzoliniana Supellectili', 53
146. and C. Isolani, Donne di virtù nella baraonda bolognese del Settecento (Bologna, 1915), 156-157
147. See also Bianchi, 'Femminea natura', 40-41
148. C. Terlinden (ed.), Journal de voyage d'un médecin bruxellois de Munich à Rome en 1755', Bulletin de l'Institut Historique Belge de Rome, 23 (1944-1946), 135
149. ASB, Archivio Ranuzzi, Scritture diverse spettanti alla Nobil casa Ranuzzi, 1769-1773, CXXIV, n. 21, 6 April 1771, 'Compra del Sig. Co. Sen. Girolamo Ranuzzi dalla Sig. Anna Manzolini di Libri e Ferri inservienti allo Studio Anatomico della Stessa'
150. On Morandi's library, see R. A. Bernabeo, 'La suppellettile Anatomica dell'Accademia delle Scienze', in Armaroli (ed.), Le cere anatomiche, 36-38
151. Messbarger, 'Waxing Poetic', 72
152. and Berti Logan, 'Women and the Practice', 512
153. See Mazzolini, 'Plastic Anatomies', 48
154. See also M. Armaroli, 'Le cere anatomiche bolognesi del Settecento', in Armaroli (ed.), Le cere anatomiche, 55
155. and Berti Logan, 'Women and the Practice', 513 (n. 15)
156. and ASB, Archivio Ranuzzi, Scritture diverse spettanti alla Nobil Casa Ranuzzi, CXXV, 1774-1778, 'Pro-memoria al Monsig. Illmo e Rmo Ranuzzi' and 'Risposta alla pro-memoria indirizzata a Mon. Ranuzzi, da Monsig. Lascaris'
157. On the cultural setting in which the importance of the senses was discussed in eighteenth-century Italy, see for instance V. Ferrone, Scienza, natura, società. Mondo newtoniano e cultura italiana nel primo Settecento (Napoli, 1982)
158. See S. Ferrino-Pagden (ed.), I cinque sensi nell'arte. Immagini del sentire (Milano, 1996)
159. See Roodenburg, 'The Maternal Imagination', 709
160. G. Azzoguidi, Lettres de Madame Cunégonde, in P. Mengal (ed.), Giacomo Casanova, Lana Caprina: Une controverse médicale sur l'Utérus pensant à l'Université de Bologne en 1771-1772 (Paris, 1999), 122
161. On the context of Azzoguidi's remark, see M. Cavazza, 'Women's Dialectics or the Thinking Uterus: An Eighteenth-Century Controversy on Gender and Education', in Daston and Pomata (eds.), The Faces of Nature, 237-257
162. See Armaroli, 'Le cere anatomiche bolognesi del Settecento', 59
163. Galvani, 'De Manzoliniana Supellectili', 48-50