Symbols of empire: The buildings of the Liverpool waterfront

Architectural History

Volumn 46, Issue , 2003, Pages

  Figueiredo, Peter De ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 61049335786     PISSN: 0066622X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1568808     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Adrian Jarvis, Liverpool's Central Docks, 1799-1905 (Stroud, 1992), p. 202
2. The first George's landing stage was constructed in 1847-by Sir William Cubitt; the Princes landing stage was added in 1867. The two were connected in 1874, together with a floating roadway, and reconstructed in 1876 after a fire. In 1896 the total length was increased to 2,463 feet. (H. Rogers, 'Liverpool Landing Stage extension and Princes Jetty', Transactions of the Liverpool Engineering Society, 19 (1897-98), p. 159.)
3. The Corporation Surveyor, Thomas Shelmerdine had also prepared a scheme for closing the dock and building on it (LCL Council Proceedings 1874-75, pp. 621-25)
4. Stuart Mountfield, Western Gateicay, A History of the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board (Liverpool, 1965), p. 91
5. MDHB Discussions at the Board, 14 June 1900
6. The Builder, 79, 7 July 1900, pp. 6-7, and 14 July 1900, p. 36 and illustrations
7. Liverpool Courier, 2 July 1900, p. 6
8. The Architectural Review, 24, no. 140 (July 1908), pp. 41-52
9. Arthur Leighton, 'Notes on Concrete Construction, George's Dock', in Transactions of the Liverpool Society, 23 (1901-02), pp. 204-21
10. Liverpool Daily Post, 18 July 1907, p. 6
11. Liverpool Journal of Commerce, 30 May 1907, p. 8
12. Royal Liver Friendly Society (RLFS), Resume of the Proceedings of the AGM, Dublin, May 1907, pp. 38-45
13. RLFS, Resume of the Proceedings of the AGM, Dublin, May 1907, p. 40. The topic was raised again with equal vehemence at the 1908 AGM, which was attended by both Thomas and Briggs (RLFS, Resume of the Proceedings of the AGM, Great Yarmouth, May 1908, pp. 52-62)
14. Liverpool Post and Mercury, 13 September 1934, p. 6
15. For a technical description of the building, see The Builder, 98,9 April 1910, pp. 402-05; The Architects' and Builders' Journal, 32, no. 807,20 July 1910, pp. 54 and 72-79; and The Builders' Journal and Architectural Engineer, 20 May 1908, p. 433. See also The Architectural Revieiv, 30, no. 179 (October 1911), pp. 209-15. The Royal Liver Friendly Society produced two commemorative booklets containing information about the building, one dated 1950 and another 1982, copies in LCL. A copy of the original plans is retained by Liverpool City Council
16. Patricia Cusack, 'Architects and the reinforced concrete specialist in Britain, 1905-1908', Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain, 29 (1986), p. 183
17. 'Reinforced Concrete in Building Construction', The Builder, 130, 22 January 1926, pp. 157-58 includes a diagram based on information supplied by Thomas about the construction programme
18. Cockerell's Bank of England and Liverpool and London Insurance Company Offices, and Norman Shaw's White Star Line Building and Parr's Bank all have granite bases. Another example is G. E. Grayson's 'Granite Buildings' in Stanley Street, featured in The British Architect, 18 (1882), pp. 584-85
19. Bartels is said to have won the commission to design the liver birds by competition (letter to the author from his great-grandson, Tim Olden, 10 May 2002). Bartels was interned in the Isle of Man during the war, and then repatriated to Germany. At first the birds were gilded. The gilding was done in situ after erection of the birds, and to give protection to the workmen, a scaffold'with a windbreak was put in place. Even so, according to George Whewell, one of the craftsmen engaged on the job, twice as much gold leaf was blown away as was applied to the birds (The Bromsgrove Guild, ed. Quentin Watt (Warwick, 1909), pp. 33-34)
20. Architects' and Builders' Journal, 8,20 July 1910, p. 80
21. Royal Liver Friendly Society, centenary booklet, 1950
22. The Builders'Journal and Architectural Record, 22 April 1903, pp. 143-45
23. Liverpool Courier, 5 May 1913, p. 8
24. LCL Council Proceedings 1903-04, pp. 350-52
25. Liverpool Daily Post, 8 May 1913, p. 5. A design by Shelmerdine for single storey baths flanked by three storey offices is illustrated in the Proceedings of Council, 1912-13, pp. 927-49. A sum of £70,000 was allocated for the project, see p. 389. This project languished also, and eventually the site was sold to the Tunnel Committee for construction of a ventilation shaft for the Mersey Tunnel
26. LCL Council Proceedings 1907-08, pp. 376-77
27. Liverpool Daily Post, 26 February 1912, p. 9. See also LCL Council Proceedings 1912-13, pp. 379-81
28. A. Stuart Gray, Edivardian Architecture (London, 1985), pp. 159-60
29. See for example N. Pevsner, The Buildings of England: South Lancashire (Harmondsworth, 1969), p. 176
30. RIBA Journal, 8, 19 February 1921, p. 210. A feature on the building in The Architectural Revicio, 41 (May 1917), pp. 86-98 credited the design solely to Willink and Thicknesse. Significantly, in the subsequent issue, an addendum was published, stating that the building had been designed in conjunction with Mewes and Davis (The Architectural Rcvieiv, 41 [June 1917], p. 120)
31. The New Cunard Building, undated promotional booklet [c. 1917], p. 100
32. Liverpool Courier, 23 February 1921, p. 3
33. The false claim that the Corporation imposed a clause on the sale of the land to the Royal Liver Friendly Society requiring that the site be developed in a similar manner to the Dock Offices has often been repeated (for example, Quentin Hughes, Liverpool, City of Architecture (Liverpool, 1999), p. 134)
34. The Architectural Revieiv, 41 (May 1917), p. 88
35. C.H. Reilly, Some Liverpool Streets and Buildings in 1921 (Liverpool, 1921), pp. 13-15
36. Town Planning Revieiu, 1 (July 1910), pp. 87-99
37. A design by Briggs, YVolstenholme and Thornely, produced in 1907, for improving the Pier Head with riverside colonnades was illustrated in the Liverpool Daily Post, 5 September 1929, p. 10
38. Liverpool Daily Post, 4 November 1938, p.12