Foresters and the politics of colonial agroecology: The case of shifting cultivation and soil erosion, 1920-1950

Studies in History

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 217-236

  Ravi Rajan, S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61049284324     PISSN: 02576430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/025764309801400204     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. J. Pouchepadass, ‘British Attitudes to Shifting Cultivation in Colonial South India: A Case Study of South Canara District, 1800–1920’ (unpublished paper, 1992);
2. M. Rangarajan, ‘Swidden Cultivation and Forest Management in the Central Provinces: Baigas, Gonds and the British’ (unpublished paper) 1992;
3. M. Gadgil and R. Guha, ‘The Problem of Shifting Cultivation’, in idem, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India, Delhi, 1992, pp. 150–57;
4. and Raymond L. Bryant, ‘The Rise and Fall of Taungya Forestry’, The Ecologist, Vol. 24: 1, January/February 1994, pp. 21–26;
5. Raymond L. Bryant, ‘Shifting the Cultivator: The Politics of Teak Regeneration in Colonial Burma’, Modern Asian Studies, 28:2, 1994;
6. and Raymond L. Bryant, ‘Contesting the Resource: The Politics of Forest Management in Colonial Burma’, Ph.D. dissertation, University of London, 1993.
7. J.R. Ainslie, Proceedings of the Empire Forestry Conference (hereafter PEFC), II, p. 325, 326, 325, 326, 328, 326.
8. R.M. White, PEFC, II, p. 328, 328, 327, 328, 328.
9. E. Battiscombe, PEFC, II, pp. 329–30, 330.
10. R.S. Troup, PEFC, II, p. 333, 333, 333.
11. Owen Jones, PEFC, II, p. 335.
12. Ainslie, PEFC, II, p. 333, 334.
13. ‘Report of the Committee on Shifting Cultivation’, PEFC, II, p. 407, 407, 408.
14. ‘Report of the Committee on Shifting Cultivation’, pp. 407–8, 408–10, 410, 410–11.
15. Resolution 10, ‘Shifting Cultivation’, ‘Report of the Committee on Shifting Cultivation’, PEFC, II, pp. 386–87.
16. For a discussion of continental forestry see S. Ravi Rajan, ‘Imperial Environmentalism or Environmental Imperialism: European Forestry, Colonial Foresters and the Agendas of Forest Management in British India, 1850–1900’, in Richard Grove, ed., Nature and the Orient, Delhi, 1997.
17. Whitelow, ‘Soil Conservation History in Zimbabwe’, pp. 299–300.
18. Anderson, ‘Depression’, pp. 322–43, 323–24.
19. Anderson, ‘Depression’, p. 326;
20. Beinart, ‘Soil Erosion’, pp. 68–69.
21. Anderson, ‘Depression’, p. 331;
22. Beinart, ‘Soil Erosion’, pp. 70–75.
23. Anderson, ‘Depression’, pp. 331–33;
24. Showers and Malahleha, ‘Oral Evidence’, p. 282;
25. Beinart, ‘Soil Erosion’, p. 58.
26. Anderson, ‘Depression’, pp. 334–38;
27. Showers and Malahleha, ‘Oral Evidence’, p. 285.
28. Showers and Malahleha, ‘Oral Evidence’, p. 285;
29. Beinart, ‘Soil Erosion’, p. 60.
30. Beinart, ‘Soil Erosion’, p. 83.
31. The term ‘centre of calculation’ is used here in the sense it is used in Bruno Latour, Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society, Cambridge, Mass., 1987.
32. W.R. Jacob, PEFC, III, p. 186.
33. E.O. Shebbeare, PEFC, III, p. 189.
34. A.B. Lushington, PEFC, III, p. 191.
35. E. Julius, PEFC, III, p. 192.
36. Phillip Turner, PEFC, III, p. 189.
37. E.H. Finlayson, PEFC, III, p. 186.
38. H.M. Gardner, PEFC, III, p. 191.
39. J.D. Keet, PEFC, IV, pp. 114–15.
40. Ainslie, PEFC, IV, p. 118.
41. A.P.F. Hamilton, PEFC, IV, p. 80.
42. C.G. Trevor, PEFC, IV, pp. 109–110.
43. J.B. Clements, PEFC, IV, p. 214.
44. H.W. Moore, PEFC, IV, p. 220.
45. Ainslie, PEFC, IV, pp. 217–19.
46. J.R. Clements, PEFC, IV, p. 214, 214–15.
47. See, e.g., Dr Unwin, PEFC, III, p. 189
48. and Ainslie, PEFC, IV, p. 118.
49. Turner, PEFC, IV, p. 189.
50. Finlayson, PEFC, IV, p. 120.
51. A.V. Galbraith, PEFC, IV, p. 113.
52. A.P.F. Hamilton, PEFC, IV, p. 81.
53. C. Swabey, PEFC, IV, p. 83.
54. See Rajan, Modernizing Nature.
55. Harnam Singh Pathania, PEFC, IV, p. 104.
56. +, PEFC, IV, p. 116.
57. Galbraith, PEFC, IV, p. 113 113.
58. Beinart, ‘The Politics of Conservation’.
59. Richmond, PEFC, III, p. 188.
60. Gay, PEFC, III, p. 193.
61. Keet, PEFC, III, p. 116.
62. Ainslie, PEFC, III, p. 119.
63. Keet, PEFC, III, p. 114.
64. Finlayson, PEFC, IV, p. 123.
65. John Phillips, PEFC, IV, p. 124, 125, 127, 126.
66. Roberts, PEFC, IV, p. 131.
67. Keet, PEFC, IV, p. 117.
68. Carlson, PEFC, IV, p. 131.
69. The discussion on exotics, PEFC, IV.
70. A. Spoehr, ‘Cultural Differences in the Interpretation of Natural Resources’, in W. Thomas Jr, ed., Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth, Chicago, 1956, Vol. 1, p. 95.