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Volumn 65, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 11-20

The sounding of the world: Aesthetic reflections on traditional gong music of Vietnam

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EID: 61049251883     PISSN: 00218529     EISSN: 15406245     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-594X.2007.00233.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (7)

References (26)
  • 1
    • 79954024884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tây Nguyên is a 26,850-square-mile region of mountains and high plateaus, 90 miles wide east to west, and 280 miles long from north to south, bordering Laos and Cambodia to the west. The Tây Nguyên region comprises the provinces of Lâm Dồng, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, crossed D signǎ́c Lǎ́c, and crossed D signǎ́c Nông
    • Tây Nguyên is a 26,850-square-mile region of mountains and high plateaus, 90 miles wide east to west, and 280 miles long from north to south, bordering Laos and Cambodia to the west. The Tây Nguyên region comprises the provinces of Lâm Dồng, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, crossed D signǎ́c Lǎ́c, and crossed D signǎ́c Nông
  • 2
    • 79954131889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians has only a few sentences on the subject of Vietnamese gong music. There are recordings of other varieties of traditional Vietnamese music available on CDs in the West where one can hear examples of music featuring the crossed d signàn tranh (the sixteen-string zither), the crossed d signàn t'rung (the bamboo xylophone), the tam thâcombining dot belowp lucombining dot belowe (the thirty-six-string hammered zither), the crossed d signàn bầu (the Vietnamese monochord), the nguyêcombining dot belowt cầm (the moon-shaped lute), and the sáo (the bamboo flute), as well as other less familiar musical instruments such as the pang gu lug u Hmông (a slide whistle), and the leaf of the blông tree, but few of these recordings include gong music. Exceptions are the CD compilations Gongs Vietnam - Laos (Playasound), Vietnamese Folkmusic 1 (Vietnam Musicology Institute), Stilling Time: Traditional Musics of Vietnam (Innova, also available as a download from www.innova.mu), Music from Vietnam 3: Ethnic Minorities (Caprice Records), and Vietnam: Musiques des montagnards (CNR)
  • 3
    • 79954349711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural Space of Tây Nguyên Gong
    • Hanoi: The Gioi Publishing House
    • The Ministry of Culture and Information of Vietnam has produced a DVD, The Space of Gong Culture in the Central Highland of Vietnam, with an accompanying essay, "Cultural Space of Tây Nguyên Gong" (Vietnam Institute of Culture and Information Studies, Hanoi: The Gioi Publishing House, 2006), written by Nguyến Chí Bễn
    • (2006) Vietnam Institute of Culture and Information Studies
  • 4
    • 79953924444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A portion of the essay To Ngoc Thanh and Nguyến Chí Bễn, "The Space of Gong Culture in the Central Highland of Vietnam," Vietnam Social Sciences 112 (2006): 113-126. The current paper is indebted to these materials
    • A portion of the essay appears in To Ngoc Thanh and Nguyến Chí Bễn, "The Space of Gong Culture in the Central Highland of Vietnam," Vietnam Social Sciences 112 (2006): 113-126. The current paper is indebted to these materials
  • 7
    • 79954069636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vū Thiên Kim, trans, Paris/Hanoi: Ecole Francaise d'Extrême-Orient
    • Pierre Huard and Maurice Durand, Vietnam, Civilization and Culture, Vū Thiên Kim, trans. (Paris/Hanoi: Ecole Francaise d'Extrême-Orient, 1998)
    • (1998) Vietnam, Civilization and Culture
    • Huard, P.1    Durand, M.2
  • 10
    • 79954376307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Listen, for example, to the Jörai Hrap pieces, Gongs Vietnam - Laos, tracks 10 and 20, and the Ê crossed D signê music, track 11
    • Listen, for example, to the Jörai Hrap pieces, Gongs Vietnam - Laos, tracks 10 and 20, and the Ê crossed D signê music, track 11
  • 12
    • 79954318868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For good examples of quarter-tone gong music, listen to the Thái music, track 7 on Gongs Vietnam - Laos, the Ba Na pieces (especially tracks 18, 22, and 25), and the Mnong Rlâm music (track 23)
    • For good examples of quarter-tone gong music, listen to the Thái music, track 7 on Gongs Vietnam - Laos, the Ba Na pieces (especially tracks 18, 22, and 25), and the Mnong Rlâm music (track 23)
  • 13
    • 42049090636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Philosophy of Music: Formalism and beyond
    • Peter Kivy, ed, Maiden: Blackwell Publishing
    • The expressive and representational qualities of Western music have received considerable attention in contemporary Western philosophical aesthetics. For recent overviews, see Philip Alperson, "The Philosophy of Music: Formalism and Beyond," in The Blackwell Guide to Aesthetics, Peter Kivy, ed. (Maiden: Blackwell Publishing, 2004), pp. 254-275
    • (2004) The Blackwell Guide to Aesthetics , pp. 254-275
    • Alperson, P.1
  • 14
    • 79953924443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Music
    • Jerrold Levinson, ed, Oxford University Press
    • Stephen Davies, "Music," in The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics, Jerrold Levinson, ed. (Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 489-515
    • (2003) The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics , pp. 489-515
    • Davies, S.1
  • 15
    • 61049559023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Music
    • Berys Gaut and Dominic McIver Lopes, ed, New York: Routledge
    • Mark DiBellis, "Music," in The Routledge Companion to Aesthetics, Berys Gaut and Dominic McIver Lopes, ed. (New York: Routledge, 2001), pp. 531-544
    • (2001) The Routledge Companion to Aesthetics , pp. 531-544
    • Dibellis, M.1
  • 16
    • 79954315463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For examples, listen to Gongs Vietnam - Laos, tracks 14 and 21 (Thái), 15 (Jörai Hrap), 22 and 25 (Ba Na), and 23 (Mnong Rlâm)
    • For examples, listen to Gongs Vietnam - Laos, tracks 14 and 21 (Thái), 15 (Jörai Hrap), 22 and 25 (Ba Na), and 23 (Mnong Rlâm)
  • 17
    • 79953924442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Listen to the Gié-Triêng harvest music, Gongs Vietnam - Laos, track 3
    • Listen to the Gié-Triêng harvest music, Gongs Vietnam - Laos, track 3
  • 18
    • 79954115132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Listen to track 29: Pliér, on Music from Vietnam 3
    • Listen to track 29: "Pliér," on Music from Vietnam 3
  • 19
    • 79954334468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Listen to track 24: Kong taár (Scarecrow) on Music from Vietnam 3. Track 20 is a performance of the same piece on bamboo rods. Comparing these two performances is an excellent way to get a sense of the distinctive characters of gong and bamboo music
    • Listen to track 24: "Kong taár" ("Scarecrow") on Music from Vietnam 3. Track 20 is a performance of the same piece on bamboo rods. Comparing these two performances is an excellent way to get a sense of the distinctive characters of gong and bamboo music
  • 20
    • 79954402622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Gongs Vietnam - Laos CD has recordings of performance styles from different ethnic communities for similar ritual ceremonies. The disk has music to celebrate the inauguration of a new house from the Mnong Rlâm, Ê crossed D signê, and Ba Na groups, for example, buffalo sacrifice music from the Ba Na and Jörai Hrap, and funeral music from Jörai Hrap, Thái, Ba Na, and Mnong Rlâm villages. In addition, the CD has four separate recordings of performances addressed to the spirit of the communal house by Ba Na players. One can also hear music to summon spirits and to mark the departure of the deceased soul from the grave for the spirit world from the Jörai Hrap, and Gié-Triêng music to celebrate the new year and the end of the harvest
    • The Gongs Vietnam - Laos CD has recordings of performance styles from different ethnic communities for similar ritual ceremonies. The disk has music to celebrate the inauguration of a new house from the Mnong Rlâm, Ê crossed D signê, and Ba Na groups, for example, buffalo sacrifice music from the Ba Na and Jörai Hrap, and funeral music from Jörai Hrap, Thái, Ba Na, and Mnong Rlâm villages. In addition, the CD has four separate recordings of performances addressed to the spirit of the communal house by Ba Na players. One can also hear music to summon spirits and to mark the departure of the deceased soul from the grave for the spirit world from the Jörai Hrap, and Gié-Triêng music to celebrate the new year and the end of the harvest
  • 21
    • 0003586486 scopus 로고
    • Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • For a discussion of performative utterances, see J. L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962). For an example of performative gong music, listen to the Ê crossed D signê "Welcome Music" on Stilling Time, track 1; six male gong players and a drummer play energetic rhythmic patterns with improvisations while the head woman of the village shares a ceremonial cup of wine with the visitors. Listen also to the Ê crossed D signê welcome music on track 11 of Gongs Vietnam - Laos
    • (1962) How to Do Things with Words
    • Austin, J.L.1
  • 22
    • 84935644210 scopus 로고
    • University of Washington Press, especially ch. 4
    • See Ellen Dissanayake, What is Art For? (University of Washington Press, 1988), especially ch. 4. We make this reference without endorsing the specifically sociobiological tenets of Dissanayake's work
    • (1988) What Is Art For?
    • Dissanayake, E.1
  • 24
    • 2442482364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Ambiguous Citation in Hannah Arendt's the Human Condition
    • Frederick M. Dolan, "An Ambiguous Citation in Hannah Arendt's The Human Condition," The Journal of Politics 66 (2004): 606-610
    • (2004) The Journal of Politics , vol.66 , pp. 606-610
    • Dolan, F.M.1
  • 25
    • 79954404150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maiden: Blackwell Publishing, forthcoming
    • These themes are developed in Philip Alperson, The Philosophy of Music (Maiden: Blackwell Publishing, forthcoming)
    • The Philosophy of Music
    • Alperson, P.1
  • 26
    • 61049524172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The authors thank Noël Carroll, Nguyen Thi Dieu, Susan Feagin, Casey Haskins, Mary Hawkesworth, Ngô Thanh Nhàn, and Sophie Quinn-Judge for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. They also thank Bi Hoài Son for his valuable assistance with translation
    • The authors thank Noël Carroll, Nguyen Thi Dieu, Susan Feagin, Casey Haskins, Mary Hawkesworth, Ngô Thanh Nhàn, and Sophie Quinn-Judge for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. They also thank Bi Hoài Son for his valuable assistance with translation


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