Autochthony and ethnic cleansing in the post-colony: The 1966 Tombel Disturbances in Cameroon

International Journal of African Historical Studies

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 203-222

  Konings, Piet ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 61049141893     PISSN: 03617882     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Peter Geschiere and Francis Nyamnjoh, "Capitalism and Autochthony: The Seesaw of Mobility and Belonging," Public Culture 12, 2 (2000), 423-52;
2. Jean-Pierre Dozon, "La Côte d'Ivoire entre Démocratie, Nationalisme et Ethnonationalisme," Politique Africaine 78 (2000), 45-63;
3. Bambi Ceuppens and Peter Geschiere, "Autochthony: Local or Global?: New Modes in the Struggle over Citizenship and Belonging in Africa and Europe," Annual Review of Anthropology 34 (2005), 385-407.
4. Of course, it is often not easy to know who the "real" autochthons are, particularly in urban centers. For the problematic notion of autochthony, see, for example, Peter Geschiere and Stephen Jackson, "Autochthony and the Crisis of Citizenship: Democratization, Decentralization, and the Politics of Belonging," African Studies Review 49, 2 (2006), 1-7.
5. See, for instance, Jean-François Bayart, Peter Geschiere, and Francis Nyamnjoh, "Autochtonie, Democratic et Citoyenneté en Afrique," Critique Internationale 10 (2001), 177-94.
6. Mahmood Mamdani, Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996).
7. See, for example, Piet Konings and Francis B. Nyamnjoh, Negotiating an Anglophone Identity: A Study of the Politics of Recognition and Representation in Cameroon (Leiden: Brill, 2003).
8. See, for example, Carola Lentz, '"Premiers Arrivés' et 'Nouveaux Venus': Discours sur l'Autochtonie dans la Savane Ouest-Africaine, " in Richard Kuba, Carola Lentz, and Claude N. Somda, eds., Histoire du Peuplement et Relations Interethniques au Burkina Faso (Paris: Karthala, 2003), 113-34;
9. Karel Arnaut, "Performing Displacements and Rephrasing Attachments: Ethnographie Explorations of Space, Mobility in Art, Ritual, Media and Politics" (Ph.D. thesis, University of Ghent, 2004).
10. See, Piet Konings, Labour Resistance in Cameroon: Managerial Strategies and Labour Resistance in the Agro-Industrial Plantations of the Cameroon Development Corporation (London: James Currey, 1993);
11. and Piet Konings, Unilever Estates in Crisis and the Power of Organizations in Cameroon (Hamburg: LIT Verlag, 1998).
12. For Nigerian migrants and their conflicts with the local population, see Piet Konings, "The Anglophone Cameroon-Nigeria Boundary: Opportunities and Conflicts," African Affairs 104, 415 (2005), 275-301.
13. Francis B. Nyamnjoh and Michael Rowlands, "Elite Associations and the Politics of Belonging in Cameroon," Africa 68, 3 (1998), 320-37;
14. Dickson Eyoh, "Through the Prism of a Local Tragedy: Political Liberalisation, Regionalism and Elite Struggles for Power in Cameroon," Africa 68, 3 (1998), 249-76.
15. For casual remarks on the 1966 Tombel disturbances, see Victor Le Vine, The Cameroon Federal Republic (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1971), 155-57;
16. Simon N. Ejedepang-Koge, The Tradition of a People Bakossi (Yaoundé: SOPECAM, 1986), 128-30;
17. and Victor J. Ngoh, History of Cameroon since 1800 (Limbe, Cameroon: Presbook, 1996), 244-46).
18. See Ahmadou Ahidjo, Contribution à la Construction Nationale (Paris: Présence Africaine, 1964);
19. and Ahmadou Ahidjo, Anthologie des Discours 1957-1979 (Paris: Nouvelles Éditions Africaines, 1980).
20. See also Paul N. Nkwi and Francis B. Nyamnjoh, eds., Regional Balance and National Integration in Cameroon: Lessons Learned and the Uncertain Future (Leiden and Yaoundé: African Studies Centre and ICASSRT, 1997).
21. Jean-Pierre Chauveau, "Question Foncière et Construction Nationale en Côte d'Ivoire: Les Enjeux Silencieux d'un Coup d'État," Présence Africaine 78 (2000), 94-125;
22. Lentz, "'Premiers Arrivés.' "
23. For the UPC, see Richard A. Joseph, Radical Nationalism in Cameroun: Social Origins of the U.P.C. Rebellion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977);
24. and Achille Mbembe, La Naissance du Maquis dans le Sud-Cameroun, 1920-1960 (Paris: Karthala, 1996).
25. See Ejedepang-Koge, The Tradition of a People Bakossi.
26. and Merredith Terrena, '"God of Independence, God of Peace': Village Politics and Nationalism in the Maquis of Cameroon, 1957-71," Journal of African History 46, 1 (2005), 75-101.
27. Michel Prouzet, Le Cameroun (Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1974);
28. Jean-Pierre Fogui, L'Intégration Politique au Cameroun: Une Analyse Centre-Périphérie (Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1990);
29. Jacques Kago Lele, Tribalisme et Exclusions au Cameroun: Le Cas des Bamiléké (Yaounde: Les Éditions du CRAC, 1995);
30. and Eckart Rohde, Grundbesitz und Landkonflikte in Kamerun (Hamburg: LIT Verlag, 1997).
31. West Africa, 20 May 1967, 672.
32. and Heinrich Balz, Where the Faith has to Live: Studies in Bakossi Society and Religion (Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1995), 1.
33. For the BamiJeke, see Jean-Louis Dongmo, Le Dynamisme Bamiléké (Cameroun) (Yaounde: CEPER, 1981), I and II;
34. and Jean-Pierre Warmer, L'Esprit d'Entreprise au Cameroun (Paris: Karthala, 1993).
35. For the North Westerners, see Michael Rowlands, "Accumulation and the Cultural Politics of Identity in the Grassfields," in Peter Gcschiere and Piet Konings, eds., Itinéraires d'Accumulation au Cameroun (Paris and Leiden: Karthala and Afrika-Studiccentrum, 1993), 71-97.
36. See, for instance, Timothée F. Tabapssi, Le Modéle Migratoire Bamiléké dans le Moungo (Cameroun) et sa Crise Actuelle: Perspectives Économique et Culturelle (Leiden: CNWS, 1999);
37. and Antoine Socpa, Démocratisation et Autochtonie au Cameroun; Trajectoires Régionales Divergentes (Münster: LIT Verlag, 2003).
38. See, for instance, Jos B. Alima, Les Chemins de l'Unité; Comment se forge une Nation: L'Exemple Camerounais (Paris: ABC, 1977);
39. Jean-François Bayart, L'État au Cameroun (Paris: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 1979);
40. See Andreas Eckert, "African Rural Entrepreneurs and Labor in the Cameroon Littoral," Journal of African History 40, 1 (1999), 109-26.
41. Léon Kaptue, Travail et Main-d'Oeuvre au Cameroun sous Regime Français 1916-1952 (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986).
42. See Ejedepang-Koge, The Tradition of a People Bakossi, 203;
43. Michael D. Levin, "Export Crops and Pcasantization: The Bakossi of Cameroun," in Martin A. Klein, ed., Peasants in Africa: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (Beverly Hills and London: Sage Publications, 1980), 221-41.
44. See, for instance, Wilfred N. Ndongko, Planning for Economic Development in a Federal State: The Case of Cameroon, 1960-1971 (Munich: Wcltforum Vcrlag, 1975).
45. and Dwayne Woods, 'The Tragedy of the Cocoa Pod: Rent-Seeking, Land, and Ethnic Conflict in Ivory Coast," Journal of Modern African Studies 41, 4 (2003), 641-55.
46. and Nerius N. Mbile, Cameroon Political Story: Memory of an Authentic Eye Witness (Limbe, Cameroon: Presbyterian Printing Press, 2000).
47. See also Konings and Nyamnjoh, Negotiating an Anglophone Identity, 39-40.
48. Baltz, Where the Faith Has to Live, 322.
49. and Ngalame, "Bakossi and their Neighbours," 253-55.
50. Ngalame, "Bakossi and Their Neighbours."
51. Rhode, Grundbesitz und Landkonflikte, 247.
52. and Terretta, "God of Independence," 49.
53. See Mark W. DeLancey, "Credit for the Common Man in Cameroon," Journal of Modern African Studies 15, 2 (1977), 316-22.
54. See Ngalame, "Dakossi and Their Neighbours," 245.