Foxing on paper: A literature review

Journal of The American Institute for Conservation

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 137-152

  Choi, Soyeon ^a  

^a Paper Conservation   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 60950719738     PISSN: 01971360     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/019713607806112378     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. Arai, H. 1984. Microbiological studies on the conservation of paper and related cultural properties. Part 1, Isolation of fungi from the foxing on paper. Hozon kagaku 23:33-39
2. Arai, H. 1987. On the foxing-causing fungi. ICOM Committee for Conservation preprints. 8th Triennial meeting, Sydney. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute. 1165-7
3. Arai, H. 1993. Relationship between fungi and brown spots found in various materials. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, Biodeterioration of Cultural Property, Yokohama. Tokyo: Tokyo International Communications Specialists. 320-336
4. Arai, H., C. Nemoto, N. Matsui, N. Matsumura, and H. Murakita. 1989. Microbiological studies on the conservation of paper and related cultural properties, part 8. On the components found in foxing. Hozon kagaku 28:7-15
5. Arai, H., N. Matsui, N. Matsumura, and H. Murakita. 1988. Biochemical investigations on the formation mechanisms of foxing. The conservation of Far Eastern art: Preprints of the contributions to the Kyoto congress. London: The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. 11-12
6. Arai, H., N. Matsumura, and H. Murakita. 1990a. Microbiological studies on the conservation of paper and related cultural properties, part 9: Induction of artificial foxing. Hozon kagaku 29:25-34
7. Arai, H., N. Matsumura, N., and H. Murakita. 1990b. Induced foxing by components found in foxed areas. ICOM Committee for Conservation preprints. 9th Triennial Meeting, Dresden. Los Angeles: ICOM Committee for Conservation. 801-3
8. Asmus, J. F. 1986. More light for art conservation. Circuits and Devices Magazine 2(2):6-15
9. Baldwin, A. M. 2003. An introduction of Tiffany studies. In Art, Biology, and Conservation: Biodeterioration of Works of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 82-93
10. Beckwith, T. D., W. H. Swanson, and T. M. Iiams. 1940. Deterioration of paper: The cause and effect of foxing. Publications in Biological Sciences 1(13):299-356
11. Bicchieri, M., G. Pappalardo, F. P. Romano, F. M. Sementilli, and R. De Acutis. 2001. Characterization of foxing stains by chemical and spectrometric methods. Restaurator 22(1):1-19
12. Bisht, A. S., and K. K. Gupta. 1985-87. A new approach to the conservation of Daniells prints. Conservation of cultural property in India. 18-20:22-26
13. Bogaty H., K. S. Campbell, and W. D. Appel. 1952. Some observations on the evaporation of water from cellulose. Textile Research Journal 22:75-82
14. Bone, W. H. 1934. Evaporation of water from cellulose. J Soc. Dyers and Colourists 50:307-9
15. Burgess, H. 1991. The use of chelating agents in conservation treatment. The Paper Conservator 15:36-44
16. Cain, C. E. 1983. The analysis of degradation products extracted from selected 19th century papers. The Book and Paper Group Annual, Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: AIC. 15-18
17. Cain, C. E., and B. A. Miller. 1982a. Photographic, spectral and chromatographic searches into the nature of foxing. AIC preprints. American Institute for Conservation 10th Annual Meeting, Milwaukee. Washington, D.C.: AIC. 54-62
18. Cain, C. E., M. B. Stanley, and W. H. Roberts. 1987. Paper foxing: Biochemical effects of fungal infections of paper. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Science. 32:24
19. Cain, C. E., and V. T. Kalasinsky. 1985. Characterization of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century paper using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Thin-Layer Chromatography. Proceedings of the seminar, application of science in examination of works of art. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 55-8
20. Carter, J. 1984. Iron stains on textiles: A study to determine their nature and to evaluate current treatments. ICOM Committee for Conservation preprints. 7th Triennial Meeting, Copenhagen. Paris: The International Council of Museums, in association with the J. Paul Getty Trust. 9-14
21. Chen, Y., and Y. Xie. 2002. The causes of foxing on Chinese painting. Wenwu baohu yu kaogu kexue 14(Suppl.):63-76
22. Choisy, P., A. de la Chapelle, D. Thomas, and M. D. Legoy. 1997. Non-invasive techniques for the investigation of foxing stains on graphic art material. Restaurator 18(3):131-52
23. Daniels, V., and N. D. Meeks. 1994. Foxing caused by copper alloy inclusions in paper. Proceedings of Symposium 88, conservation of historic and. artistic works on paper, Ottawa.; Ottawa: Canadian Conservation Institute. 229-33
24. De Bonaventura, M. P., R. Desalle, D. E. Eveleigh, A. M. Baldwin, and R. J. Koestler. 2003. Studies of fungal infestations of Tiffany's drawings: Limits and advantages of classical and molecular techniques. In Art, Biology, and Conservation: Biodeterioration of Works of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 94-109
25. Derow, J., and A. Owen. 1992. Foxing. Paper Conservation Catalog. American Institute for Conservation Book and Paper Group. Washington, D.C.: AIC. Chap. 13:1-39
26. Dhawan, S., and K. L. Garg. 1992. Problem of foxing marks on paper. Proceedings of the national seminar, Conservation of manuscripts and documents, ed. O.P. Agrawal, Lucknow, India: INTACH, Indian Conservation Institute. 58-65
27. Dupont, A.-L. 1996. Degradation of cellulose at the wet/dry interface: The effect of some conservation treatments on brown lines. Restaurator 17(1):1-21
28. Edmond, P., and D. Horton-James. 1991. Enzymatic breakdown and decolorisation of black fungus embedded in acrylic paint: A progress report. AICCM bulletin 17(4):53-61
29. Ellis, M. H. 1979. A conservation checklist for drawing collectors. Drawing l(2):29-32
30. Ellis, M. H. 1980. Metalpoint drawings: Special conservation problems for collectors. Drawing 2(3):59-61
31. Enshaian, M.-C. 1988. Conservation work in progress on the Claude Monet collection of Japanese woodblock prints at Giverny. The conservation of Far Eastern art: Preprints of the contributions to the Kyoto Congress, 19-23 September 1988. London: The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. 37-8
32. Faietti, M. 1990. Restoration experiences and maintenance problems in prints and drawings collection of the Pinacoteca Nazionale of Bologna. In Conservazione delle opere d'arte su carta e pergamena: Atti del convegno Torgiano, ed. de Serego Alighieri, F. 20-34
33. Florian, M.-L. E. 1996. The role of the conidia of fungi in fox spots. Studies in Conservation 41:65-75
34. Florian, M.-L. E. 1997. Heritage eaters: Insects & fungi in heritage collections. London: James & James Ltd
35. Florian, M.-L. E. 2000. Fungal spots in a book dated 1854: Causative species ID and distribution; time, source, and method of contamination. In The Book and Paper Group Annual. American Institute for Conservation Book and Paper Group. Washington, D.C.: AIC. 19:41-2
36. Florian, M.-L. E. 2002. Fungal facts: Solving fungal problems in heritage collections. London: Archetype Publications Ltd
37. Florian, M.-L. E. 2003. Fungal-problem monitoring for heritage collections: The need for baseline reference levels for fungal structures and beta-glucans. In Art, biology, and conservation: Biodeterioration of works of art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 172-87
38. Florian, M.-L. E., and L. Manning. 1999. The ecology of the fungal fox spots in a book published in 1854. Restaurator 20(3-4):137-50
39. Florian, M.-L. E., and L. Manning. 2000. SEM analysis of irregular fungal fox spots in an 1854 book: Population dynamics and species identification. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 46(3):205-20
40. Florian, M.-L. E., and N. Purinton. 1995. Determination of location of stains in fungal spots and enzymatic removal of pigmented hyphae in paper. Proceedings, 3rd International Conference on Biodeterioration of Cultural Property, Bangkok. Thailand: Bangkok Office of Archeology and National Museums, Conservation Science Division. 255-66
41. Gallo, F. 1988. Contributo della biologia alla conservazione dei materiali library [The contribution of biology to book conservation]. In Problemi del restauro in Italia: atti del Convegno Nazionale tenutosi a Roma. 185-90
42. Hamburg, D. A. 1992. Library and archival collections. In Caring for your collections. New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc. 52-63
43. Harding, E. 1983. Restoration of drawings executed on prepared paper. The Conservator 7:24-8
44. Hey, M. 1983. Foxing: Some unanswered questions. The Antiquarian Book Monthly Review 10:9.340-3
45. Hofmann, C., D. van der Reyden, and M. Baker. 1991. Comparison and evaluation of bleaching procedures: The effect of five bleaching methods on the optical and mechanical properties of new and aged cotton linter paper before and after accelerated aging. The Book and Paper Group Annual. American Institute for Conservation Book and Paper Group. Washington, D.C.: AIC. 10:109-27
46. Hofmann, C., V. Flamm, G. Banik, and K. Messner. 1990. Bleaching of foxing stains in art nouveau prints. ICOM Committee for Conservation preprints. 9th triennial meeting, Dresden. Los Angeles: ICOM. 472-7
47. Horton, C. 1990. Using sunlight and artificial light to bleach paper. In Conservazione delle opere d'arte su carta e pergamena: atti del convegno Torgiano. 46-50
48. Hutchins, J. K. 1983. Water-stained cellulosics: A literature review. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 22:57-61
49. Iiams, T. M. 1939. Foxing and the deterioration of paper. Thesis. Chicago: University of Chicago
50. Iiams, T. M., and T. D. Beckwith. 1935. Note on the causes and prevention of foxing on books. The Library Quarterly 5(4):407-18
51. Kastaly, B. 1984. Treatment of ink corrosion and foxing on paper documents. Múzeumi mutargyvédelem 13:115-24
52. Kenjo, T., H. Arai, and T. Suzuki. 1987. Application of scanning electron microscope in the field of conservation science of cultural properties. JEOL news. Electron optics instruments/application. 25E(1):13-17
53. Keyes, K. 1980. Alternatives to conventional methods of reducing discoloration in works of art on paper. Preprints, International Conference on the Conservation of Library and Archive Materials and the Graphic Arts, Cambridge. Leigh, England: Institute of Paper Conservation. 166-170
54. Ligterink, F.J., H.J. Porck, and W.J. Th. Smit. 1989a. Foxing stains and discoloration of leaf margins and paper surrounding printing ink: Coherent phenomena in books. Restaurator 19(1):19-31
55. Ligterink, F.J., H.J. Porck, and W.J. Th. Smit. 1989b. Foxing stains and discoloration of leaf margins and paper surrounding printing ink: Coherent phenomena in books. Restauro 95(3):225-33
56. Ligterink, F. J., H.J. Porck, and W.J. Th. Smit. 1991. Foxing stains and discoloration of leaf margins and paper surrounding printing ink: Elements of a complex phenomenon in books. The Paper Conservator 15:45-52
57. Makin, S. 1997. Miniatures and their conservation. The Picture Restorer 12:8-10
58. Mills, J. S., and R. White. 1994. The organic chemistry of museum objects. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd
59. Meynell, G. 1979. Notes of foxing, chlorine dioxide bleaching and pigments. The Paper Conservator 4: 30-2
60. Meynell, G. G., and R.J. Newsam. 1978. Foxing, a fungal infection of paper. Nature 274(5670):466-8
61. Montemartini Corte, A., A. Ferroni, and V. S. Salvo. 2003. Isolation of fungal species from test samples and maps damaged by foxing, and correlation between these species and the environment. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 51(3): 167-73
62. Neevel, J. G. 1995. The development of a new conservation treatment for ink corrosion, based on the natural anti-oxidant phytate. Preprints. IADA 8th International Congress, Tubingen. Copenhagen: The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. 93-102
63. Neevel, J. G., and B. Reissland. 1997. The ink corrosion project at NICH: A'review. Abbey Newsletter 21(5-6):88-92
64. Neevel, J. G., and C. T.J. Mensch. 1999. Thebehavior or iron and sulphuric acid during iron-gall ink corrosion. ICOM Committee for Conservation preprints. 12th Triennial Meeting, Lyon. London: James & James. 528-33
65. Nieto-Fernandez, F. E., S. A. Centeno, M. T. Wypyski, M. P. Di Bonaventura, A. M. Baldwin, and R. J. Koestler. 2003. Enzymatic approach to removal of fungal spots from drawings on paper. In Art, biology, and conservation: Biodeterioration of works of art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 110-27
66. Nol, L., Y. Henis, and R. G. Kenneth. 1983. Biological factors of foxing in postage stamp paper. International Biodeterioration Bulletin 19(l):19-25
67. Peters, D. 2000. An alternative to foxing? Oxidative digradation as a cause of cellulosic discolouration. Papier Retaurierung Vol.1 Suppl. 55-60
68. Plenderleith, H. J. 1936. Conservation of prints, drawings and manuscripts. Mouseion: Bulletin de l'Office international des musées. 33-34:199-227
69. Radley.J. A., and J. Grant. 1954. Fluorescence Analysis in Ultra-Violet Light. 4th ed. London: Chapman and Hall
70. Rebrikova, N. L., and N. V. Manturovskaya. 2000. Foxing: A new approach to an old problem. Restaurator 21:85-100
71. Reissland, B. 1999. Ink corrosion: aqueous and nonaqueous treatment of paper objects: State of the art. Restaurator 20:167-80
72. Reissland, B., and S. de Groot. 1999. Ink corrosion: Comparison of currently used aqueous treatments for paper objects. Preprints. IADA 9th International Congress, Copenhagen. Copenhagen: The Royal Academy of Fine Arts. 121-9
73. Rickman, C. 1990. Conservation of English water-color paintings. In Conservazione delle opere d'arte su carta c pergamena: Atti del convegno Torgiano, ed. F. de Serego Alighieri. 155-7
74. Roger, A., and C. Hubert. 1998. Digitization completes the preservation of globes. International preservation news: A newsletter of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Programme on Preservation and Conservation 17:4-7
75. Schulte E. K., M. H. Ellis, and A. King. 1986. An approach to the conservation treatment of Paul Klee drawings. The Book and Paper Group Annual. American Institute for Conservation Book and Paper Group. Washington, D.C.: AIC. 5:19-32
76. Shahin, A., and O. Wächter. 1972. Simplification of the chlorine dioxide bleaching system. Preprints of Contributions to the Lisbon Conference, Conservation of Paintings and the Graphic art. London: International Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. 955-63
77. Shelly, M. 1989. Old master drawing: An approach to conservation. The Book and Paper Group Annual. American Institute for Conservation Book and Paper Group. Washington, D.C.: AIC. 18:62-6
78. Smith C. 1998. Inpainting/overpainting paper art: Using mixed dry pigments and complementary colors. The Book and Paper Group Annual. American Institute for Conservation Book and Paper Group. Washington, D.C.: AIC. 17:103-10
79. Strzelczyk, A., and M. Pronobis-Bobowska. 1993. Characteristics of foxing stains on paper historic objects. Naukowe podstawy ochrony i konsenvacji dziel sztuki oraz zabytków kultury materialnej. 327-33
80. Szczepanowska, H. M. 1986. Biodeterioration of art objects on paper. The Paper Conservator 10:31-9
81. Szczepanowska, H. M., and A. R. Cavaliere. 2003. Artworks, drawings, prints, and documents: Fungi eat them all! In Art, Biology, and Conservation: Biodeterioration of Works of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 128-51
82. Szczepanowska, H. M., and W. R. Moomaw. 1994. Laser stain removal of fungus-induced stains from paper. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 33:25-32
83. Tang, L. C. 1978. Determination of iron and copper in 18th and 19th century books by flameless atomic absorption spectrosċopy. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 17:19-32
84. Tang, L., and M. A. Troyer. 1981. Flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy: A useful tool for direct determination of elements in library archival materials. Technology and Conservation 6(2):40-5
85. Valentin, N. 1986. Biodeterioration of library materials: Disinfection methods and new alternatives. Paper Conservator 10:40-5
86. Wächter, O. 1962. The restoration of the Vienna Dioscorides. Studies in Conservation 7:22-6
87. Walsh, J. 1985. Selected conservation problems. Drawing 7:1, 5-8
88. Zagel, J. 1992. Aspects of paper conservation. The Picture Restorer 2:11-14