The changing face of the Shanghai bund: Circa 1849-1879

Arts of Asia

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2005, Pages

  Politzer, Eric ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 60950698533     PISSN: 00044083     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
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References (90)

1. Lanning & Couling, History of Shanghai, I, p. 275. Balfour was accompanied by a small group of British merchants. There was already a thriving trade at Woosung, 13 miles downstream, where opium receiving ships had been stationed for about a year. Ships had called at Shanghai and been refused permission to trade. The crews of the ships at Woosung also came to Shanghai. Fairbank, John King, Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842-1854, Harvard, 1953; rev. Stanford University Press, 1969, pp. 135-143; 229-232.
2. Catholic missionaries landed at Woosung in July 1842, and by the time of Balfour's arrival a small number of them were spread around the region. Joseph De La Servierc, S.J., Histoire De La Mission du Kiangnan, Shanghai, 1914, pp. 49, 53, 56.
3. Balfour's testimony to Parliament on June 1st, 1847, in Great Britain, Parliamentary Papers, 1847, Vol. V, p. 320.
4. Robert Fortune, Three Years Wanderings in the Northern Provinces of China, London, 1847, pp. 104-108.
5. Friend of China, July 6th, 20th, 1844.
6. Walter H. Medhurst, Jr., "Reminiscences of the Opening of Shanghae to Foreign Trade", The Chinese and Japanese Repository, No. XV, October 12th, 1864, pp. 84-86;
7. Friend of China, December 24th, 1815;
8. Friend of China, August 16th, 1845, p. 888.
9. Text in Parliamentary Papers, 1847, XL, Accounts and Papers (7), China, pp. 83-89;
10. This account concurs with J.W. Maclellan, Short History of Shanghai, Shanghai, 1889, p. 94.
11. Hugh Lang, Shanghai Considered Socially, Shanghai, 1875, p. 23.
12. Walter H. Medhurst, "General Description of Shanghae and Its Environs", Chinese Miscellany, IV, Shanghai, 1850;
13. Linda Cooke Johnson, Shanghai: from Market Town to Treaty Port, 1074-1858, Stanford University Press, 1995, pp. 66-68, 83-89, 113-116. Johnson, p. 238, states that, "in 1846 a new North Custom House had been built on the river embankment", but does not give a source.
14. Great Britain, Parliamentary Papers, 1847, V, p. 325.
15. North-China Herald, September 13th, 1851, p. 26.
16. Chinese Repository, November 1847, p. 563.
17. Directory and Chronicle for China..., 1925, p. 818.
18. Jon Huebncr, "Architecture on the Shanghai Bund", Papers on Far Eastern History, 39, Canberra: ANU, March 1989, p. 133, gives 1850, without a source.
19. North-China Herald, November 20th, 1852, p. 62.
20. Friend of China, November 2nd, 1843; January 27th, 1844; April 9th, 1845.
21. Allister Macmillan, Seaports of the Far East, London, 1925, p. 88.
22. North-China Herald, May 31 st, 1851, p. 174.
23. Friend of China, December 23rd, 184G.
24. Friend of China, January 14th, 1846;
25. North-China Herald, January 1st, 1857, p. 90.
26. Chinese Repository, January 1846, p. G; August 1847, p. 412.
27. Lanning & Couling, History of Shanghai, Vol. II, Ch. XVII, treats the history of the bridge very fully.
28. Chinese Repository, January, 1841, p. 60;
29. minutes of cemetery committee meeting of April 12th, 1844, in North-China Herald, September 13th, 1851
30. Hong Kong Register, April 3rd, 1845; March 3rd, 1846;
31. Friend of China, February 21st, 1849.
32. North-China Herald, January 7th, December 9th, 1854; however, landrenters' lists continued to show Smith, King & Co.
33. North-China Herald, April 26th, May 17th, 1856.
34. North-China Herald, July 1st, 1865, p. 102;
35. Chronicle & Directory for China, 1870;
36. North-China Herald, January 18th, 1881, p. 50.
37. North-China Herald, April 11th, June 6th, 1857; January 22nd, 1859; March 31st, 1860.
38. Thurman Wilkins, Clarence King: A Biography, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, rev. 1988, p. 25.
39. Friend of China, January 6th, 1847.
40. W.S. Wetmore, Recollections of Life in the Far East, Shanghai, 1894, p. 23; also see Fairbank, p. 410 and notes.
41. Maclellan, Story of Shanghai, pp. 31, 37.
42. George Francis Train, An American Merchant in Europe, Asia and Australia, New York, 1857, p. 111.
43. Chinese Repository, January, 1848;
44. Stephanie Jones, Two Centuries of Overseas Trading: the Origins and Growth of the Inchcape Group, London, Macmillan, 1986, pp. 18, 169-173.
45. Maybon & Fredet, Histoire De La Concession Française De Changhai, Paris, 1929, p. 164;
46. Serviere, Histoire De La Mission du Kiangnan, pp. 83-87.
47. Friend of China, November 2nd, 1843;
48. Solomon Bard, Traders of Hong Kong: Some Foreign Merchant Houses, 1841-1899, Hong Kong: Urban Council, 1993, p. 57, finds them in Canton by 1835.
49. North-China Herald, February 17th, October 6th, 1855; December 27th, 1856.
50. Robert Fortune, A Visit to the Tea Districts of China and India (London: John Murray, 1852) pp. 15-17.
51. North-China Herald, September 4th, December 11th, December 25th, 1858; January 1st, 8th, 1859; January 28th, 1860.
52. For a photo of the Heard & Co. hong before the viewing tower was installed, see Carl Crossman, The China Trade, p. 79;
53. North-China Herald, June 28th, 1862.
54. Frank King, History of the Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation, Vol. I, Cambridge University Press, 1987, pp. 94, 255.
55. Worth-China Herald, January 7th, 1860.
56. Friend of China, August 23rd, 1848;
57. China Mail, August 24th, 1848. J. Rutherford Alcock was British Consul, 1846-1855.
58. North-China Herald, April 17th, December 11st, 1858; November 19th, 1859.
59. North-China Desk Hong List, 1904.
60. Information for this section comes mostly from Phyllis Whitten, Samuel Fogg, 1628-1672: His Ancestors and Descendants, Annandale, Va.: Fogg Family Assoc., 1976; copy in New York Public Library, which is unpaginated and mostly does not cite its sources.
61. J.K. Fairbank, Martha Coolidge and Richard Smith, H.B. Morse: Customs Commissioner and Historian of China, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1995, pp. 239-240.
62. Shanghai Almanac, 1854-1856;
63. Hong Kong Directory, 1858, list of Shanghai residents
64. North-China Herald, April 13th, September 14th, December 7th, 1861.
65. (US) Shanghai Consular Archives, Vol. 009 (C3 Vol. 2), Misc. Book of Records, 1859-1865, death registry at end of volume, in US National Archives.
66. Meller's (1831-1880) obituary is in North-China Herald, November 18th, 1880, p. 459. The name Wheelock, Mcller & Co. first appears in the Daily News in 1866.
67. Directory & Chronicle for China, Japan..., 1870.
68. Pott, Short History of Shanghai, p. 77, on the origin of the Public Garden.
69. William Fred. Mayers, et al., Treaty Ports of China and Japan, London, 1867, p. 377;
70. North-China Herald, March 8th, 1855; January 10th, 1879, p. 23;
71. North-China Desk Hong List, 1888, 1890.
72. North-China Herald, July 1st, 1865;
73. North-China Daily News, September 26th, 1867.
74. North-China Herald, January 28th, 1928, p. 140.
75. The Bank of Hindustan opened in Shanghai in February 1864 on Keangse Road, North-China Herald, March 5th, 1864; February 25th, 1865. Siemssen's and the adjacent building were originally on the same lot (see 1866 map).
76. For the financial crisis of 1866-1867, which led to the failure of Lindsay & Co., Smith, Kennedy & Co., and Dent & Co., as well as six banks, see Maurice Collis, Wayfoong, pp. 32-33,
77. and King, History of the Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation, I: 78-ff.
78. North-China Herald, February 1st, 1870.
79. Wright, Arnold, Twentieth-Century Impressions of Hongkong..., London, 1908, p. 612.
80. Charles Drage, Servants of the Dragon Throne, London, Peter Dawney, 1966, p. 91.
81. Also see the dated photographs in John Thomson, China and its People in Early Photographs, New York, Dover reprint, 1982.
82. North-China Herald, May 15th, 1875, p. 468; May 29th, 1875, p. 513; November 11th, 1875, p. 467; March 29th, 1877, p. 315.
83. North-China Herald, August 9th, 1873, pp. 106, 115.
84. North-China Daily News, August 20th, 1866;
85. North-China Herald, August 25th, 1866;
86. Norlh-China Herald, March 29th, 1877, p. 315;
87. China Mail, April 17th, 1845.
88. North-China Herald, October 3rd, 1879, pp. 337-340;
89. Chinese Repository, January 1845;
90. North-China Herald, May 23rcl, 1874, p. 453.