Chinese exclusion, photography, and the development of U.S. immigration policy

American Quarterly

Volumn 58, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 51-77

  Pegler Gordon, Anna ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 60950567898     PISSN: 00030678     EISSN: 10806490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/aq.2006.0032     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Maxine Hong Kingston, China Men (1980; New York: Vintage International, 1989), 145
2. Ronald Takaki, Strangers from a Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans (New York: Penguin Books, 1989), 85
3. Sucheng Chan, Asian Americans: An Interpretive History (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1991), 30
4. Frank Chin, Donald Duk (Minneapolis: Coffee House Press, 1991), 131-32
5. David L. Eng, "I've Been (Re)Working on the Railroad: Photography and National Memory in China Men and Donald Duk, in Racial Castration: Managing Masculinity in Asian America (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2001), 35-103
6. Lucy Salyer, Laws Harsh as Tigers: Chinese Immigrants and the Shaping of Modern Immigration Law (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995)
7. Erika Lee, At America's Gates: Chinese Immigration During the Exclusion Era, 1882-1943 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003), 19
8. On the introduction of passports in the United States, see John Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 93-103, 117-21
9. Eithne Luibhéid, Entry Denied: Controlling Sexuality at the Border (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002), 41-54
10. See, for example, Alexander Saxton, The Indispensable Enemy: Labor and the Anti-Chinese Movement in California (Berkeley: University of California, 1971)
11. Andrew Gyory, Closing the Gate: Race, Politics, and the Chinese Exclusion Act (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998)
12. Salyer, Laws Harsh as Tigers; K. Scott Wong and Sucheng Chan, eds., Claiming America: Constructing Chinese American Identities During the Exclusion Era (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998)
13. Xiaojian Xhao, Remaking Chinese America: Immigration, Family, and Community, 1940-1965 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2002)
14. and Lee, At America's Gates
15. Sucheng Chan, "The Exclusion of Chinese Women," in Entry Denied: Exclusion and the Chinese Community in America, 1882-1943, ed. Sucheng Chan (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991), 109-23
16. U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Immigration, Treaty, Laws and Regulations Governing the Admission of Chinese (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1910)
17. George Anthony Peffer, If They Don't Bring Their Women Here: Chinese Female Immigration Before Exclusion (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999), 43-49, 60-101
18. Act of May 5, 1892, 27 Stat. 25; McClain, In Search of Equality, 207
19. Salyer, Laws Harsh as Tigers, 46-52, 56
20. Lee, At America's Gates, 147
21. John Tagg, The Burden of Representation: Essays on Photographies and Histories (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1988)
22. See also Allan Sekula, "The Body and the Archive," in The Contest of Meaning: Critical Histories of Photography, ed. Richard Bolton (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1989), 342-88
23. and Simon Cole, Suspect Identities: A History of Fingerprinting and Criminal Identification (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001)
24. See, for example, Shawn Michelle Smith, American Archives: Gender, Race, and Class in Visual Culture (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999)
25. Laura Wexler, Tender Violence: Domestic Visions in an Age of U.S. Imperialism (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000)
26. "Wu Ting Fang on Exclusion," Salt Lake City News, April 4, 1902
27. Congressional Record, 53rd Cong., 1st sess. (1893), 25, pt. 2: 2435
28. "What the Chinese Think About the Chinese Exclusion Act. Wong Kai Kah, Former Minister to England Points Out Some Objections to the Way It Is Enforced," Spokane [Washington] Press, May 23, 1905
29. James G. McCurdy, "Use of Photographs as Evidence," Scientific American 87 (November 15, 1902): 328
30. Tagg, The Burden of Representation, 36
31. David Green, "Veins of Resemblance: Photography and Eugenics," Oxford Art Journal 7.2 (1984): 8
32. Letter from H. C. Kennah, Chinese Inspector, to Chinese Inspector in Charge, June 22, 1905, File 10061/28, Immigration Arrival Case Files, 1884-1944, Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Record Group 85, National Archives Records Administration-Pacific Region (San Francisco) [hereafter IACF, INS]
33. Richard Vinograd, Boundaries of the Self: Chinese Portraits, 1600-1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 85
34. Jan Stuart and Evelyn S. Rawski, Worshiping the Ancestors: Chinese Commemorative Portraits (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001), 168
35. Sucheng Chan, "The Exclusion of Chinese Women," 97, 132
36. and Mae Ngai, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004), 204
37. Derrick Price, "Surveyors and Surveyed," in Photography: A Critical Introduction, ed. Liz Wells (London: Routledge, 1997), 66
38. On coaching papers, see Him Mark Lai et al., Island: Poetry and History of Chinese Immigrants on Angel Island, 1910-1940 (San Francisco: Chinese Culture Foundation/ HOC DOI, 1980), 20
39. Erika Lee, At America's Gates, 193-97
40. U.S. Treasury Department, Annual Report of the Commissioner-General of Immigration (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1901), 47-48
41. Salyer, Laws Harsh as Tigers, 61, 150
42. Annual Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration (1901), 46-47
43. Anna Pegler-Gordon, "In Sight of America," 113-17, 122-35, 141-43
44. Mr. Tsang, Box 1, Folder 30, Judy Yung Collection, Asian American Studies Collection, Ethnic Studies Library, University of California, Berkeley; Letter from Inspector Albert Long to Inspector in Charge, Chinese Division, Angel Island, July 31, 1911, File 53329-111, Accession 60A600, INS