Religious persecution and industrial policy in the reign of Anna I. V. N. Tatishchev and the old believers reconsidered

Jahrbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 22-36

  Hudson Jr , Hugh D ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 60950537364     PISSN: 00214019     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
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References (60)

1. ROBERT O. CRUMMEY The Old Believers & the World of Antichrist: The Vyg Community & the Russia State, 1694-1855. Madison 1970
2. HUGH D. HUDSON, JR. The Rise of the Demidov Family and the Russian Iron Industry in the Eighteenth Century. Newtonville, MA 1986
3. See, for example, NIL POPOV V. N. Tatishchev i ego vremia: Epizod iz istorii gosudarstvennoi, obshchestvennoi i chastnoi zhizni v Rossii, pervoi poloviny proshedshego stolietiia. Moskva 1861
4. ROGER PORTAL L'Oural au XVIIIe siècle; étude d'histoire économique et sociale. Paris 1950, esp. pp. 92-100
5. CONRAD GRAU Der Wirtschaftsorganisator, Staatsmann und Wissenschaftler Vasilij N. Tatiščev, 1686-1750. Berlin 1963
6. RUDOLPH L. DANIELS V. N. Tatishchev: Guardian of the Petrine Revolution. Philadelphia 1973
7. NIKOLAI N. POKROVSKII Antifeodal'nyi protest uralo-sibirskikh krest'ian-staroobriadtsev v XVIII v. Novosibirsk 1974, pp. 34-66
8. On the institution of ascription, see HUGH D. HUDSON, JR., BRUCE J. DEHART, and DAVID M. GRIFFITHS Proletarians by Fiat: The Compulsory Ural Metallurgical Work Force, 1630-1861, in: International Labor and Working-Class History 48 (1995) pp. 94-111
9. B. K. BESTUZHEV-RIUMIN Vasilii Nikitich Tatishchev: administrator i istorik nachala XVIII veka (1686-1750 gg.), in: Drevniaia i novaia Rossiia (1871) no. 1, p. 13
10. On this first struggle between Tatishchev and Nikita and Akinfii Demidov, see HUDSON The Rise of the Demidov Family, esp. pp. 62-65
11. POKROVSKII Antifeodal'nyi protest uralo-sibirskikh krest'ian- staroobriadtsev p. 66
12. V. I. ROZHKOV Deiatel'nost' V. N. Tatishcheva na ural'skikh zavodakh v tsarstvovanie Petra Velikogo, in: Gornyi zhurnal (1884) no. 7, p. 37
13. On the relentless campaign by Pitirim against the Old Believers see CRUMMEY The Old Believers & the World of Antichrist, esp. pp. 80-90, 159-160
14. POKROVSKII Antifeodal'nyi protest p. 69
15. In addition to these obvious tasks, unskilled labor was needed to build and repair dams and factories, to defend the enterprises against outraged natives, and to guard caravans on route to market. For a discussion of the obligations of peasants ascribed to factories to perform such labor, see V. I. SEMEVSKII Krest'iane v tsarstvovanie Imperatritsy Ekateriny II. S.-Peterburg 1903, vol. 2, p. 306
16. On the comparative advantages (and disadvantages) of free versus compulsory labor in providing auxiliary labor for the iron industry in the eighteenth century see, MARIA ÅGREN (ed.) Iron-Making Societies: Early Industrial Development in Sweden and Russia, 1600-1900. Providence 1998
17. PORTAL L'Oural au XVIIIe siècle p. 90
18. CRUMMEY The Old Believers pp. 159-61
19. I. S. BAK Ekonomicheskie vozzreniia V. N. Tatishcheva, in: Istoricheskie zapiski 55 (1955) pp. 366-375
20. Ibidem, p. 293
21. Obtaining both skilled and auxiliary labor would continue to bedevil Tatishchev throughout his stay in the Urals. By 1735 he was returning to the traditional Petrine approach of forcing recruits and exiles into the factories and mines: Donoshenie Tatishcheva Anne Ivanovne ob izgotovlenii i otpuske mednykh kruzhkov, stroitel'stve novykh zavodov, obnaryzhenii bogatykh zalezhei zheleznoi rudy v Verkhoturskikh gorakh, o perepisi raskol'nikov i po drugim voprosam, June 26, 1735, in: VASILLI NIKITICH TATISHCHEV Zapiski. Pis'ma, 1717-1750 gg. Moskva 1990, pp.194-196
22. Letters of Tatishchev to Empress Anna, dated October 9, 1734 and November 5, 1734, ibidem, pp. 161-163, 164-165
23. PSZ, vol. 9, no. 6835, p. 603
24. V. I. ROZHKOV Berg-kompaniia na Magnitnoi gore Blagodati v Sibiri i na medvezhykh ostrovakh v Laplandii, in: Gornyi zhurnal (1885) no. 5, pp. 243-245
25. PSZ, vol. 9, no. 6559, paragraph 10
26. ROZHKOV Berg-kompaniia na Magnitnoi gore Blagodati, no. 6, p. 443
27. POPOV V. N. Tatishchev i ego vremia, pp. 544-549
28. V. N. TATISHCHEV 'Nakaz Shikhtmeisteru' V. N. Tatishcheva [issued no later than January 27, 1735] edited by N. I. Pavlenko, in: Istoricheskii arkhiv 6 (1951) pp. 199-244
29. The establishment of schools had also been one of Tatishchev's goals when he was first sent to the Urals in 1720: M. A. GORLOVSKII K istorii osnovaniia Ekaterinburga, in: Istoricheskie zapiski 39 (1952) pp. 159-180
30. V. N. TATISHCHEV Materialy soveshchaniia ural'skikh promyshlennikov, 1734-1736 gg. Edited by M. A. Gorlovskii and N. I. Pavlenko, in: Istoricheskii arkhiv 9 (1953) pp. 5-155
31. TATISHCHEV Nakaz Shikhtmeisteru, chap. 1, O priniatii vedomostei, p. 211
32. Tatishchev's entire approach to religion complicates his usual portrayal as simply a "freethinker" and deist: see, for example, A. G. KUZ'MIN Russkoe prosvetitel'stvo XVIII veka, in: Voprosy istorii (1978) no. 1, pp. 109-111
33. Tatishchev very strongly opposed the prohibition against all but priests reading the Bible. He considered this detrimental not only to Christianity but also to the spread of knowledge in general. V. N. TATISHCHEV Razgovor o pol'zie nauk i uchilishch. 1887, question 45, pp. 61-63
34. PSZ, vol. 5, no. 3169
35. Predlozheniia Tatishcheva po voprosam zavodskogo upravleniia, March 23, 1735, in: TATISHCHEV Zapiski. Pis'ma, p. 188
36. DANIELS V. N. Tatishchev p. 57
37. This is of course not to say that Tatishchev did not value schooling, both as a benefit for the individual and for the state. During his second tenure in the Urals, he had established 14 schools with 22 teachers and 736 students and had plans to increase the number of students to 1000: A. I. IUKHT V. N. Tatishchev i ekonomicheskoe razvitie Rossii v pervoi polovine XVIII veka, in: Istoriia SSSR (1986) no. 3, pp. 95-96
38. See also IDEM V. N. Tatishchev i razvitie nauki i prosveshcheniia v Rossii, in: Vestnik A. N. SSSR (1987) no. 6, pp. 104-116
39. V. N. TATISHCHEV Instruktsiia V. N. Tatishcheva o poriadke prepodavaniia v shkolakh pri ural'skikh kazennykh zavodakh. Ed. by N. F. Demidova, in: Istoricheskii arkhiv 5 (1950) pp. 166-178
40. FEOFAN PROKOPOVICH Pervoe uchenie otrokom, v nei zhe bukvy i slogi, tak zhe: kratkoe tolkovanie zakonnogo desiatosloviia, molitvy gospodnei, simvola very i deviati blazhenstv. S.-Peterburg 1720
41. P. P. PERKARSKII Novyia izvestiia o V. N. Tatishcheva, in: Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 4 (1864), Prilozheniia No. 4, pp. 31-32
42. Ibidem, point 5, Ezheli zbezhit ot zavodchika k drugomu zavodchiku rabotnik, pp. 65-66
43. Ibidem, point 7, Kto zavodchik vysokyio platu budet rabotnikam proizvodit' i tem ot drugikh zavodchikov otvlekat' rabotnikov k sebe, pp. 67-68
44. Ibidem, chap. 4A, O prieme i o soderzhanii masterovykh i rabotnykh liudei i o zaplate onym, point 1, Na zavody v raboty rabotnikov s kakimi pashportami i pokormezhymi i za kakuiu platu prinimat', p. 73
45. On the "general good," see A. G. KUZ'MIN Politicheskie i pravovye vzgliady V. N. Tatishcheva, in: Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo (1982), no. 9, pp. 101-110, especially pp. 105-106
46. TATISHCHEV Materialy soveshchaniia ural'skikh promyshlennikov, 1734-1736 gg., especially pp. 128-154
47. Ibidem, pp. 135-138
48. ROZHKOV Berg-kompaniia na Magnitnoi gore blagodati, no. 6, pp. 443-446
49. IDEM A. N. Demidov na svoikh Kolyvano-Voskresenskikh zavodakh, in: Gornyi zhurnal (1891) no. 3, pp. 334-345
50. PSZ, vol. 9, no. 6.840 (12 December 1735) pp. 607-608
51. PSZ, vol. 9, no. 6.939 (15 April 1736) pp. 799-800
52. B. N. CHICHERIN Oblastnyia uchrezhdeniia Rossii v XVII-m veke: sochinenie. Moskva 1856, pp. 75-81, 118-120, 337-340, 482-489
53. Ibidem, p. 261
54. V. O. KLIUCHEVSKY A Course in Russian History: the Seventeenth Century. Transl. by Natalie Duddington. Chicago 1968, p. 160
55. GEORGE L. YANEY The Systematization of Russian Government: Social Evolution in Domestic Administration of Imperial Russia, 1711-1905. Urbana, IL 1973, p. 197
56. CHICHERIN Oblastnyia chrezhdeniia pp. 339-340
57. V. GRIGOR'EV Reforma miestnago upravleniia pri Ekaterine II: Uchrezhdenie o guberniiakh 7 noiabria 1775 g. S.-Peterburg 1910, pp. 51-58
58. PRAVITEL'STVUIUSHCHII SENAT Istoriia pravitel'stvuiushchogo senata za dviesti liet, 1711-1911. 5 vols. S.-Peterburg 1911, vol. 1, pp. 292-295
59. YANEY Systematization pp. 66-67
60. HUDSON, DEHART, GRIFFITHS Proletarians by Fiat