Democracy and urban design: The transect as civic renewal

Places

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 18-23

  Brain, David ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 60950515728     PISSN: 07310455     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Carmen Sirianni and Lewis Friedland. Civic Innovation inAmerica: Community Empowerment, Public Policy, and the Movement for Civic Renewal (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).
2. In Civic Innovation in America, Sirianni and Friedland provide a good summary of "civic environmentaiism. "
3. See also William Shutkin. The Land that Could Be: Environmentalismi and Democracy in the Twenty First Century (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000).
4. Jean L. Cohen and Andrew Arato, Civil Society and Political Theory (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1994)
5. and Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000).
6. For examples of this kind of civic renewal, see Robert Putnam and Lewm. M. Feldstein, Better Together: Restoring the American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 200 3).
7. Michael Sandel contrasts the "formative aspirations" of civic republicanism with the process orientation of the "procedural republic. " See Michael Sandel, Democracy's Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996).
8. For a detailed discussion of the standardization of product types in real estate, see Christopher Leinberger, "Retrofitting Real Estate Finance: Alternatives to the Nineteen Standard Product Types," Places, Vol . 17, No. 2 (Summer 2005), pp. 24-29
9. and "The Market and Metropolitanism," The Brookings Review (Fall 1998).
10. John R. Flibbing and Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, Stealth Democracy: American Beliefs about How Government Should Work (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
11. Flibbing and Theiss Morse, Stealth Democracy, p. 224.
12. This isa recognition that has been renderedincreasinglydifficultnotonlyin planning processes, but by the general erosion of the discourse of "public spirited" action in American political culture. See Nina Fliasoph, Avoiding Politics: How Americans Produce Apathy in Everyday Life (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
13. The phrase "program of action" comes from Michel Gallon and Bruno Latour, "Don't Throw the Baby Out with the Bath School !" in Andrew Pickering, ed. , Science as Practice and Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992).
14. For a more extended discussion of the two ideals implicit in New Urbanist practice, see David Brai n, "From Good Neighborhoods to Sustainable Cities: Social Science and the Social Agenda of the New Urbanism," International Regional Science Review, Special Issue on Smart Growth and The New Urbanism (April, 2005), pp. 217-38.
15. It maybe worth noting that this understanding of the urban public realm is an expression in built form of the classical notion of the public realm as a domain in which the individual competes for honor and recognition. See, for example, the discussion in Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958).
16. Michael Leccese and Kathleen McCormick, eds. , The Charter of the New Urbanism (New York: McGraw Hill, 2000).
17. For an example of a regional vision, see Peter Calthorpe and William Fuller, The Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl (Washington, D. C. : Island Press, 2001).
18. For a general discussion of the practice of the charrette, see Bill Lcnncrtz, "The Charrette as an Agent of Change," in New Urbanism: Comprehensive Report and Best Practices Guide (Ithaca, NY: New Urban Publications, 2003), pp. 12-28.
19. See Eliasoph. Avoiding Politics, p. 230.
20. The problem remains of articulating a political discourse that begins to explicate and resolve the tension between the ideal of creating a "sense of community" and a public-spirited political life, a public sphere capable of both encompassing and transcending differences. This is precisely the practical challenge posed in more theoretical terms by Iris Marion Young's revival of the idea of the city as a normative ideal in Justice and the Politics of Difference (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990).