Retrofitting "Levittown"

Places

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 46-52

  Williamson, June ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 60950467030     PISSN: 07310455     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. See Barry Checkoway, "Large Builders, Federal Housing Programmes, and Postwar Suburbanization," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 4, No. 1 (March 1980), pp. 21-44.
2. For a full account, see Adam Rome, The Bulldozer in the Countryside: Suburban Sprawl and the Rise of American Environmentalism (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
3. Gwendolyn Wright, Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1981), pp. 193-214, 240-61
4. and Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), pp. 190-218.
5. Quoted in Eric Larrabee, "The Six Thousand Houses that Levitt Built," Harper's, September 1948, p. 84.
6. See Betty Friedan's discussion of "the problem that has no name" in The Feminine Mystique (New York: Laurel Books, 1984; original 1963), pp. 15-32.
7. Herbert Gans, The Levittowners: Ways of Life and Politics in a New Suburban Community (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982; original, 1967).
8. Paul H. Mattingly, "The Suburban Canon over Time," in Peter Land and Tarn Miller, eds., Suburban Discipline (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1997), pp. 39-51.
9. William H. Whyte, The Organization Man (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1956).
10. Marc Weiss, The Rise of the Community Builders (New York: Columbia University Press, 1987), p. 2.
11. Richard Sherman, "Park Forest: A Model for U. S. Planned Towns," Star Newspapers, Sept. 11, 1988.
12. A commuter-rail station was planned at the mall, but the Chicago commuter-rail authority never built it. See Gregory Randall, America's Original G. I. Town: Park Forest, Illinois (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), p. 73.
13. For comparative statistics on Park Forest and other suburbs, see William H. Hudnut III, Halfway to Everywhere: A Portrait of America's first-Tier Suburbs (Washington, D. C. : Urban Land Institute, 2003).
14. Gans, The Levittowners, pp. 5-12.
15. This was eventually accomplished by offering African-American families the choicest lots at the edges of the neighborhood, and then allowing white buyers to move in next door or in a less desirable central location. See "Living Together: How One Suburb Acted to Integrate Smoothly, Avoid Major Incidents," Wall Street Journal, December 28, 1970
16. Barbara M. Kelly, Expanding the American Dream: Building and Rebuilding Levittown (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993), pp. 104-18.
17. Renee Chow, Suburban Space: The Fabric of Dwelling (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002).
18. Denise Rose, Willingboro Township Manager, personal interview, January 18, 2005.
19. Randall, America's Original G. I. Town, pp. 140-56.
20. Lee Sobel with Ellen Greenberg and Steven Bodzin, Greyfields into Goldfields (San Francisco: Congress for the New Urbanism, 2002), pp. 68-69
21. and Christopher Swope, "After the Mall," Governing, Vol. 16, No. 1 (October, 2002), pp. 20-24.
22. Dennis Hevesi, "Antidotes to Sprawl TakingMany Forms," New York Times, October 6, 2003.
23. See also David Smiley, ed., Sprawl and Public Space: Redressing the Mall (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2002).
24. J. R. Reid, Burlington County Planner, and Denise Rose, Willingboro Township Manager, personal interviews, January 18, 2005.
25. Compared with a 4 percent decrease nationwide, and no decrease in New York City. See Patrick Healy, "Young Adults Call L. I. a fine Place to Grow Up, and heave," New York Times, February 21, 2004.
26. James Barron, "A Classic Suburb Feels Graying Pains,"New York Times, July 21, 1983.
27. Myron Orfield, American Metropolitics: The New Suburban Reality (Washington, D. C. : Brookings Institution Press, 2002).