Everyman's war: Confederate enlistment in civil war Virginia

Civil War History

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 5-26

  Sheehan Dean, Aaron ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 60950195016     PISSN: 00098078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/cwh.2004.0027     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Lee A. Wallace Jr.'s A Guide to Virginia Military Organizations, 1861-1865, 2d ed.(Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, 1986)
2. Stewart Sifakis's Compendium of the Confederate Armies, Vol. 1: Virginia (New York: Facts on File, 1992)
3. Virginia Regimental History Series (Lynchburg: H. E. Howard, 1982-) (hereafter VRHS)
4. Danid Crofts, Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1989), 140
5. Henry T. Shanks, The Secession Movement in Virginia 1847-1861 (Richmond: Garrett and Massie Publishers, 1934), 156
6. Paymaster General's Report, in Governor Letcher's address to the General Assembly, Dec. 2, 1861, Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia for the Session of 1861-1862 (Richmond: William F. Ritchie, 1861), doc. 1
7. Sec. Judah P. Benjamin to John Gill Shorter, Feb. 2, 1862, The War of Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 128 vols. (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1880-1901), ser. 4, vol. 1:903-4 (hereafter OR)
8. Acts of the General Assembly of the State of Virginia, 1861-62 (Richmond: William F. Ritchie, 1862), 41
9. John S. Preston to James A. Seddon, Feb. 9, 1864, OR, ser. 4, vol. 3:95-102
10. Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South (New York: Norton, 1978)
11. John Peter Jones to Mary Elizabeth Putney Jones, May 27, 1863, John Peter Jones Papers, Special Collections Department, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville (hereafter UVA)
12. Samuel J. C. Moore to "My Dear Little Boy," May 16, 1861, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
13. Steven Mintz and Susan Kellogg, Domestic Revolutions: A Social History of American Family Life (New York: Free Press, 1988), 44
14. Anya Jabour, Marriage in the Early Republic: Elizabeth and William Wirt and the Companionate Ideal (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1998)
15. Daniel Blake Smith, Inside the Great House: Planter Family Life in Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake Society (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1980)
16. Jan Lewis, The Pursuit of Happiness: Family and Values in Jefferson's Virginia (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1983)
17. James Marten, "Fatherhood in the Confederacy: Southern Soldiers and Their Children," Journal of Southern History 63 (May 1997): 269-92
18. Reid Mitchell, The Vacant Chair: The Northern Soldier Leaves Home (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1993), 20
19. Eligibility figures were derived from the 8th U.S. Census, vol. 1, "Population" (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1864)
20. Maris A. Vinovskis, "Have Social Historians Lost the Civil War? Some Preliminary Demographic Speculations," in Maris A. Vinovskis, ed., Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990), 9
21. Thomas R. Kemp, "Community and War: The Civil War Experience of Two New Hampshire Towns," in ibid., 59
22. Emily J. Harris, "Sons and Soldiers: Deerfield, Massachusetts, and the Civil War," Civil War History 30 (June 1984): 158-59
23. Larry M. Logue, "Who Joined the Confederate Army? Soldiers, Civilians, and Communities in Mississippi," Journal of Social History (Spring 1993): 613
24. Randolph B. Campbell, "Fighting for the Confederacy: The White Male Population of Harrison County in the Civil War," Southwestern Historical Quarterly 104 (July 2000): 31
25. David Carlson, "Civil War Enlistment Patterns in Southwest Georgia: A Reassessment of the 'Rich Man's War" (unpublished seminar paper), 35
26. Journals of the Virginia State Convention of 1861, vol. 3, "Documents" (Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1966), doc. 37, table A
27. Allison Freehling, Drift toward Dissolution: The Virginia Slavery Debate of 1831-1832 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1982)
28. Phillip Davis Troutman, "Slave Trade and Sentiment in Antebellum Virginia" (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Virginia, 2000)
29. Kenneth Noe, Southwest Virginia's Railroad: Modernization and the Sectional Crisis (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1994)
30. Victoria Bynum, The Free State of Jones: Mississippi's Longest Civil War (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2001)
31. Noel Fisher, War at Every Door: Partisan Politics and Guerilla Violence in East Tennessee, 1860-69 (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1997)
32. Paul Horton, "Submitting to the 'Shadow of Slavery': The Secession Crisis and Civil War in Alabama's Lawrence County," Civil War History 46 (July 1998): 111-36
33. Richard Curry, A House Divided: A Study of Statehood Politics and the Copperhead Movement in West Virginia (Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1964)
34. George Ellis Moore, A Banner in the Hills: West Virginia's Statehood (New York: Meredith, 1963)
35. Leesburg Democratic Mirror, June 12, 1861
36. James B. Dorman to James Dorman Davidson and James Dorman Davidson to James B. Dorman, Apr. 16, 1861, in "Unionists in Rockbridge County: The Correspondence of James Dorman Davidson Concerning the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861," ed. Bruce Greenwalt, Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 73 (Jan. 1965): 78-102
37. Lynchburg Daily Virginian, Apr. 17, 1861
38. William J. Cooper Jr., Liberty's Slavery: Southern Politics to 1860 (New York: Knopf, 1983), 271
39. Robert W. Hooke to "Dear Father & Mother," Apr. 20, 1861, Robert W. Hooke Papers, Duke University Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Durham, North Carolina
40. Mitchell Snay, Gospel of Disunion: Religion and Separatism in the Antebellum South (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1997)
41. Donald Mathews, Religion in the Old South (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1977), xv
42. Harry S. Stout and Christopher Grasso, "Civil War, Religion, and Communications: The Case of Richmond," in Randall M. Miller, Harry S. Stout, Charles Regan Wilson, eds., Religion and the American Civil War (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1998), 313-59
43. Gardiner H. Shattuck Jr., A Shield and a Hiding Place: The Religious Life of Civil War Armies (Macon, Ga.: Mercer Univ. Press, 1987)
44. James W. Silver, Confederate Morale and Church Propaganda (New York: Norton, 1957)
45. Drew Gilpin Faust, "Christian Soldiers: The Meaning of Revivalism in the Confederate Army," Journal of Southern History 53 (Feb. 1987): 63-90
46. Steven E. Woodworth, While God Is Marching On: The Religious World of Civil War Soldiers (Lawrence: Univ. Press of Kansas, 2001)
47. Henry Ruffner Morrison to "Dear Brother," May 6, 1864, Henry Ruffner Morrison Papers, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection, Military History Institute, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
48. Lexington Valley Star, May 2, 9, 23, 1861
49. James Dorman Davidson to Mary Davidson, May 16, 1861, in "Life Behind Confederate Lines: The Correspondence of James D. Davidson," ed. Bruce Greenwalt, Civil War History 16 (Sept. 1970): 205-26
50. Evelyn Dupuy Ford to John Baxter Moseley, Aug. 23, 1861, John Baxter Moseley Papers, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond (hereafter VHS)
51. Richard Beringer, Herman Hattaway, Archer Jones, and William N. Still Jr., Why the South Lost the Civil War (Athens: Univ. of Georgia Press, 1988)
52. David Williams, Rich Man's War: Class, Caste, and Confederate Defeat in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley (Athens: Univ. of Georgia Press, 1998)
53. Paul Escott, After Secession: Jefferson Davis and the Failure of Confederate Nationalism (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1978)
54. Blair, Virginia's Private War, 81
55. John C. Inscoe, Mountain Masters, Slavery, and the Sectional Crisis in Western North Carolina (Knoxville: Univ. of Tennessee Press, 1989)
56. Daniel E. Sutherland, Seasons of War: The Ordeal of a Confederate Community, 1861-1865 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1995)
57. Brian Steel Wills, The War Hits Home: The Civil War in Southeastern Virginia (Charlottesville: Univ. Press of Virginia, 2001)
58. Steven Elliott Tripp, Yankee Town, Southern City: Race and Class Relations in Civil War Lynchburg (New York: New York Univ. Press, 1997)
59. Michael Stuart Mangus, "'The Debatable Land': Loudoun and Fauquier Counties, Virginia, during the Civil War Era" (Ph.D. diss., Ohio State Univ., 1998)
60. Stephen Ash, When the Yankees Came: Conflict and Chaos in the Occupied South (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1995)
61. John Hill Lyon Diary, Sept. 2, 1861, John Hill Lyon Papers, VHS
62. Stephanie McCurry, Masters of Small Worlds: Yeoman Households, Gender Relations, and the Political Culture of the Antebellum South Carolina Low Country (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1995)
63. J. William Harris, Plain Folk and Gentry in a Slave Society: White Liberty and Black Slavery in Augusta's Hinterlands (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1985)
64. George M. Fredrickson, The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny, 1817-1914 (New York: Harper and Row, 1971)
65. T. Lloyd Benson, "The Plain Folk of Orange: Land, Work and Society on the Eve of the Civil War," in Edward L. Ayers and John C. Willis, eds., The Edge of the South: Life in Nineteenth Century Virginia (Charlottesville: Univ. Press of Virginia, 1988), 56-78
66. Charles B. Dew, Apostles of Disunion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War (Charlottesville: Univ. Press of Virginia, 2001)
67. James M. McPherson, For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1997), 110
68. David F. Allmendinger Jr., Ruffin: Family and Reform in the Old South (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1990), 127
69. Shearer Davis Bowman, "Conditional Unionism and Slavery in Virginia, 1860-1861: The Case of Dr. Richard Eppes," The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 96 (Jan. 1988): 31-54
70. David G. Smith, "The Capture of African Americans during the Confederate Invasions of Pennsylvania: Part of a Virginia Way of War?" paper presented at the Douglas Southall Freeman Southern Intellectual History Conference, Richmond, Va., February 2002
71. David M. Potter, The Impending Crisis 1848-1861, completed and edited by Don E. Fehrenbacher (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1976)
72. Michael Holt, The Political Crisis of the 1850s (New York: W. W. Norton, 1978)
73. John P. Lightner to Amanda Catherine Amentrout, June 29, 1861, William Francis Brand Papers, UVA
74. John Stealey, The Antebellum Kanawha Salt Business and Western Markets (Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1993)
75. Charles B. Dew, Bond of Iron: Master and Slave at Buffalo Forge (New York: Norton, 1994)
76. Abingdon Democrat, Mar. 8, 1861