Lives of stone, lives of people: Re-viewing the engraved plaques of late neolithic and copper age Iberia

European Journal of Archaeology

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 125-158

  Lillios, Katina ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^b University of Iowa   (United States)

Author keywords

Copper age; Genealogy; Memory; Mother goddess; Neolithic; Portugal; Slate plaques; Social inequality; Spain

Indexed keywords

EID: 60950188256     PISSN: 14619571     EISSN: 17412722     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1461957104053712     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. ÅBERG, NILS, 1921. Civilisation Enéolithique dans la Péninsule Ibérique. Uppsala: A.-b. Akademiska bokhandeln i kommission
2. ALMAGRO BASCH, MARTÍN, 1961-1962. Un ajuar dolménico excepcional procedente de la Granja de Céspedes de Badajoz. In Universidad de Murcia (ed.), Homenaje a C. Mergelina: 35-82. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia
3. ALMAGRO GORBEA, MARIA JOSÉ, 1973. Los Idolos del Bronce I Hispano. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
4. AMEGHINO, FLORENTINO, 1879. L'homme préhistorique dans La Plata. Revue d'Anthropologie 2:210-249
5. BAILEY, DOUGLASS W., 2005. Prehistoric Figurines: Corporeality and Representation in the Neolithic. London: Routledge
6. BOONE, ELIZABETH HILL and WALTER D. MIGNOLO, eds, 1994. Writing Without Words. Alternative Literacies in Mesoamerica and the Andes. Durham, NC: Duke University Press
7. BRANDHERM, DIRK, 1995. Os chamados 'báculos' - para uma interpretação simbólico-funcional. Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia 35:89-93
8. BRUMFIEL, ELIZABETH M. and TIMOTHY K. EARLE, eds, 1987. Specialization, Exchange, and Complex Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press
9. BUENO RAMÍREZ, PRIMITIVA, 1992. Les plaques décorées alentéjaines: approche de leur étude et analyse. L'Anthropologie 96:573-604
10. BUENO RAMÍREZ, PRIMITIVA, and RODRIGO DE BALBIN BEHRMANN, 1992. L'art mégalithique dans la Péninsula Ibérique - une vue d'ensemble. L'Anthropologie 96:499-572
11. CARDOSO, JOÃO LUÍS, 1994. Leceia 1983-1993. Escavações do Povoado Fortificado Préhistórico. Oeiras: Câmara Municipal de Oeiras
12. CARPENTER, EDMUND and CARL SCHUSTER, 1986-1988. Materials for the Study of Social Symbolism in Ancient and Tribal Art: A Record of Tradition and Continuity. New York: Rock Foundation
13. CARTAILHAC, EMILE, 1886. Les Ages Préhistoriques de l'Espagne et du Portugal. Paris: Ch. Reinwald
14. CHAPMAN, ROBERT, 1990. Emerging Complexity: The Later Prehistory of South-East Spain, Iberia and the West Mediterranean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
15. CHAPMAN, ROBERT, 2003. Archaeologies of Complexity. London: Routledge
16. CORREIA, VERGILIO, 1917. Arte pré-histórico: os idolos-placas. Terra Portuguesa 12:29-35
17. COSTIN, CATHY L., 1991. Craft specialization: issues in defining, documenting, and explaining the organization of production. In Michael B. Schiffer (ed.), Archaeological Method and Theory: 1-56. Tucson: University of Arizona Press
18. DA VEIGA, SEBASTIÃO PHILIPPES MARTINS ESTÁCIO, 1886, 1887. Antiguidades Monumentaes do Algarve: Tempos Prehistoricos. Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional
19. DAVIS, D.D., 1985. Hereditary emblems: material culture in the context of social change. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 4:149-176
20. DE MORGAN, JACQUES, 1897. Recherches sur les Origines de l'Égypte. Paris: E. Leroux
21. DE VASCONCELLOS, J. LEITE, 1897. Religiões da Lusitania na parte que principalmente se refere a Portugal. Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional
22. DIETLER, MICHAEL and INGRID HERBICH, 1998. Habitus, techniques, style: an integrated approach to the social understanding of material culture and boundaries. In Miriam T. Stark (ed.), The Archaeology of Social Boundaries: 232-263. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution
23. DOBRES, MARCIA-ANNE and JOHN E. ROBB, eds, 2000. Agency in Archaeology. London: Routledge
24. EARLE, TIMOTHY, 1997. How Chiefs Come to Power: The Political Economy in Prehistory. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
25. EDMONDS, MARK, 1999. Ancestral Geographies of the Neolithic: Landscape, Monuments, and Memory. London: Routledge
26. ENQUIST, MAGNUS and ANTHONY ARAK, 1994. Symmetry, beauty and evolution. Nature 372:169-172
27. FAVRE, S., A. GALLAY, K. FARJON and B. DEPEYER, 1986. Stèles et Monuments du Petit Chasseur. Geneva: Université de Genève
28. FERREIRA, O. DA VEIGA, G. ZBYSZEWSKI, MANUEL LEITÃO, C.T. NORTH and H. REYNOLDS DE SOUSA, 1975. The megalithic tomb of Pedra Branca, Portugal. Preliminary report. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 41:167-178
29. FISCHER, JOHN, 1961. Art styles as cultural cognitive maps. American Anthropologist 63:80-83
30. FLEMING, ANDREW, 1969. The myth of the mother-goddess. World Archaeology 1:247-277
31. FORENBAHER, STAŠO, 1999. Production and Exchange of Bifacial Flaked Stone Artifacts during the Portuguese Chalcolithic. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (International Series 756)
32. FRANKOWSKI, EUGENIUSZ, 1920. Estelas Discoideas de la Península Ibérica. Madrid: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
33. GELB, IGNACE J., 1952. A Study of Writing. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
34. GELL, ALFRED, 1998. Art and Agency: An Anthropological Theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press
35. GILMAN, ANTONIO, 1987. Unequal development in Copper Age Iberia. In Elizabeth M. Brumfiel and Timothy K. Earle (eds), Specialization, Exchange, and Complex Societies: 22-29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
36. GILMAN, ANTONIO, 2002. Assessing political development in Copper and Bronze Age Southeast Spain. In Jonathan Haas (ed.), From Leaders to Rulers: 59-81. New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers
37. GIMBUTAS, MARIJA, 1991. Civilization of the Goddess: The World of Old Europe. San Francisco: Harper
38. GONÇALVES, VICTOR S., 1989. Manifestações do sagrado na Pré-História do Ocidente Peninsular. 1. Deusa(s)-Mãe, placas de xisto e cronologias: uma nota preambular. Almansor 7:289-302
39. GONÇALVES, VICTOR S., 1992. Revendo as Antas de Reguengos de Monsaraz. Lisbon: Instituto Nacional de Investigação Científica
40. GONÇALVES, VICTOR S., 1995. Sítios, Horizontes, e Artefactos. Cascais: Câmara Municipal de Cascais
41. GONÇALVES, VICTOR S., 1999a. Reguengos de Monsaraz: Territórios Megalíticos. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Reguengos de Monsaraz
42. GONÇALVES, VICTOR S., 1999b. Time, landscape and burials 1. Megalithic rites of ancient peasant societies in central and southern Portugal: an initial review. Journal of Iberian Archaeology 1:83-109
43. GONÇALVES, VICTOR S., 2003. Manifestações do sagrado na Pré-História do Ocidente peninsular: 4. A 'síndrome das placas loucas'. Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia 6: 131-157
44. GONÇALVES, VICTOR S., ANDRÉ PEREIRA and MARCO ANDRADE, 2003. A propósito do reaproveitamento de algumas placas de xisto gravadas da região de Evora. O Arqueólogo Português 21:209-244
45. GUT, ANDREAS, 1990. Die Schieferplattenidole Portugals anhand des Nachlasses von Vera Leisner. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Tübingen
46. HARRISON, RICHARD J., 1974. Origins of the Bell Beaker cultures. Antiquity 48:99-109
47. HARRISON, RICHARD J., 1985. The 'policultivo ganadero', or the secondary products revolution in Spanish agriculture, 5000-1000 be. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 51:75-102
48. HARRISON, RICHARD J. and ANTONIO GILMAN, 1977. Trade in the second and third millennia BC between the Maghreb and Iberia. In V. Markotic (ed.), Ancient Europe and the Mediterranean: 89-104. Warminster: Aris and Phillips
49. HELMS, MARY W., 2000. The Curassow's Crest: Myths and Symbols in the Ceramics of Ancient Panama. Gainesville: University Press of Florida
50. HERNANDO GONZALO, ALMUDENA, 1987. Evolución cultural diferencial del Calcolítico entre las zonas áridas y húmedas del sureste Español? Trabajos de Prehistoria 44:171-200
51. HERNANDO GONZALO, ALMUDENA, 1997. The funerary world and the dynamics of change in southeast Spain (fourth-second millennia BC). In Margarita Díaz-Andreu García and Simon Keay (eds), The Archaeology of Iberia: The Dynamics of Change: 85-97. London: Routledge
52. HOUSTON, STEPHEN D., 2004. The archaeology of communication technologies. Annual Reviews in Anthropology 33:223-250
53. HRISTOVA, PETYA, 2001. Easy to make and hard to explain? Some considerations on the technology of the slate plaques from prehistoric Iberia. Unpublished MS in possession of author
54. INSTITUTO TÉCNOLÓGICO GEOMINERO DE ESPAÑA, 1994. Mapa Geológico de la Península Ibérica, Baleares y Canarias. 1:1,000,000. Madrid: Instituto Técnológico GeoMinero de España
55. KÜCHLER, SUSANNE, 1987. Malangan: art and memory in a Melanesian society. Man 22:238-255
56. KUNST, MICHAEL, 1995. Central places and social complexity in the Iberian Copper Age. In Katina T. Lillios (ed.), The Origins of Complex Societies in Late Prehistoric Iberia: 32-43. Ann Arbor, MI: International Monographs in Prehistory
57. LEISNER, GEORG and VERA LEISNER, 1943. Die Megalithgräber der Iberischen Halbinsel. Der Süden. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
58. LEISNER, GEORG and VERA LEISNER, 1951. Antas do Concelho de Reguengos de Monsaraz. Lisbon: Uniarch
59. LEISNER, GEORG and VERA LEISNER, 1956. Die Megalithgräber der Iberischen Halbinsel. Der Westen. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
60. LEISNER, GEORG and VERA LEISNER, 1959. Die Megalithgräber der Iberischen Halbinsel. Der Westen. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
61. LEISNER, VERA, 1965. Die Megalithgräber der Iberischen Halbinsel. Der Westen. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
62. LEISNER, VERA, 1998. Die Megalithgräaber der Iberischen Halbinsel: Der Westen. Madrider Forschungen Vol. I, 4. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
63. LILLIOS, KATINA T., 1993. Regional settlement abandonment at the end of the Copper Age in the lowlands of west-central Portugal. In Catherine Cameron and Steven Tomka (eds), Abandonment of Settlements and Regions: Ethnoarchaeological and Archaeological Approaches: 110-120. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
64. LILLIOS, KATINA T., 1997. Amphibolite tools of the Portuguese Copper Age (3000-2000 BC): a geoarchaeological study of prehistoric economics and symbolism. Geoarchaeology 12:137-163
65. LILLIOS, KATINA T., 2002. Some new views of the engraved slate plaques of southwest Iberia. Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia 5:135-151
66. LILLIOS, KATINA T., 2003. Creating memory in prehistory: the engraved slate plaques of southwest Iberia. In Ruth Van Dyke and Susan Alcock (eds), Archaeologies of Memory: 129-150. Oxford: Blackwell
67. LILLIOS, KATINA T., 2004. The Engraved Stone Plaque Registry and Inquiry Tool (ESPRIT). http://www.uiowa.edu/-anthro/esprit (accessed 14 March 2005)
68. LILLIOS, KATINA T., In prep. Heraldry for the Dead: Memory, Identity, and the Engraved Stone Plaques of Late Prehistoric Iberia
69. LISBOA, ISABEL M. GOMES, 1985. Meaning and messages: mapping style in the Iberian Chalcolithic. Archaeological Review from Cambridge 4:181-196
70. MÁRQUEZ, GUSTAVO, GEORG LEISNER, and VERA LEISNER, 1952. Los Sepulcros Megaliticos de Huelva. Madrid: Ministerio de Educacion Nacional
71. MATHERS, CLAY, 1984. Beyond the grave: the context and wider implications of mortuary practices in south-east Spain. In T.F.C. Blagg, R.F.J. Jones and Simon J. Keay (eds), Papers in Iberian Archaeology: 13-46. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (International Series 193)
72. MESKELL, LYNN, 1995. Goddesses, Gimbutas, and 'New Age' archaeology. Antiquity 69:74-86
73. MONTERO RUIZ, IGNACIO, 1994. El Origen de la Metalurgia en el Sureste Peninsular. Almeria: Instituto de Estudios Almerienses
74. NOCETE, FRANCISCO, 1994. Space as coercion: the transition to the state in the social formations of La Campina, upper Guadalquivir valley, Spain, ca 1900-1600 BC. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13:35-50
75. OLIVEIRA, MARIA DA LUZ FERREIRA DA and JOÃO XAVIER MATOS, 2002. The exploitation of copper ores in the south of Portugal during the Chalcolithic. Revista de Ciencias Historicas da Universidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique 17:123-138
76. RAMOS MILLÁN, ANTONIO, 1981. Interpretaciones secuenciales y culturales de la Edad del Cobre en la zone meridional de la Península Ibérica. La alternativa de materialismo cultural. Cuadernos de Prehistoria de la Universidad de Granada 6:242-256
77. RIBEIRO, CARLOS, 1878-1880. Estudos Prehistoricos em Portugal; Noticia de Algumas Estações e Monumentos Prehistoricos, Memoria Apresentada á Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa. Lisbon: Typ. da Academia
78. ROBERTS, MARY NOOTER and ALLEN F. ROBERTS, 1996. Memory: Luba Art and the Making of History. New York: The Museum for African Art
79. RODRIGUES, MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO MONTEIRO, 1986a. Código Para a Análise das Placas de Xisto Gravadas do Alto Alentejo. Castelo de Vide: Câmara Municipal de Castelo de Vide
80. SALOMON, FRANK, 2001. How an Andean 'writing without words' works. Current Anthropology 42:1-27
81. SANGMEISTER, EDWARD and HERMANFRID SCHUBART, 1981. Zambujal, die Grabungen 1964 bis 1973. Mainz am Rhein: P von Zabern
82. SANTOS, M.F. and O. DA VEIGA FERREIRA, 1969. O monumento eneolítico de Santiago do Escoural. O Arqueólogo Português 3:37-62
83. SCHMANDT-BESSERAT, DENISE, 1992. Before Writing. Austin: University of Texas Press
84. SCHMANDT-BESSERAT, DENISE, 1996. How Writing Came About. Austin: University of Texas Press
85. SILVA, A.M., 1999. A nécropole neolitica do Cabeço da Arruda (Torres Vedras, Portugal): os dados paleobiológicos. In Joan Bernabeu Auban and Teresa Orozco-Köhler (eds), II Congrès del Neolític a la Península Ibèrica, Saguntum: 355-360. Valencia: Universitat de Valencia
86. SIMÕES, AUGUSTO FILIPPE, 1878. Introducção a Archeologia da Peninsula Iberica. Lisbon: Livraria Ferreira
87. SIRET, LOUIS, 1913. Questions de Chronologie et d'Ethnographie Ibériques. Paris: Paul Geuthner
88. SPINDLER, KONRAD, 1981. Cova da Moura: die Besiedlung des atlantischen Küstengebietes Mittelportugals vom Neolithikum bis an das Ende der Bronzezeit. Mainz am Rhein: Von Zabern
89. TILLEY, CHRISTOPHER, 1999. Metaphor and Material Culture. Oxford: Blackwell
90. URTON, GARY, 2003. Signs of the Inka Khipu: Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records. Austin: University of Texas Press
91. VAN DEN BRINK, H., 1997. Birds of Prey and Owls in Europe. Netherlands: Rebo Productions
92. VAN DYKE, RUTH M. and SUSAN ALCOCK, eds, 2003. Archaeologies of Memory. Oxford: Blackwell
93. WAGNER, ROY, 1991. The fractal person. In Marilyn Strathern and Maurice Godelier (eds), Big Men and Great Men: Personifications of Power in Melanesia: 159-173. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
94. WASHBURN, DOROTHY K., 1999. Perceptual anthropology: the cultural salience of symmetry. American Anthropologist 101:547-562
95. WASHBURN, DOROTHY K. and DONALD W. CROWE, 1988. Symmetries of Culture. Seattle: University of Washington Press
96. WEINER, ANNETTE B. and JANE SCHNEIDER, eds, 1989. Cloth and Human Experience. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press
97. WIESSNER, POLLY, 1983. Style and social information in Kalahari San projectile points. American Antiquity 48:253-276
98. WOODS, ALEXANDER D. and LILLIOS, KATINA, In press. Wearing stone: experimental manufacture and use of the Iberian engraved slate plaques. Actas of the IV Congresso de Arqueologia Peninsular, Faro, 2004