Prizes from Athens: The list of Panathenaic prizes and the sacred oil

Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik

Volumn 142, Issue , 2003, Pages 87-103

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EID: 60950183832     PISSN: 00845388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
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References (108)

1. For the association of the reverse with the victor and the use of the amphorae as evidence for the history of the games, see D. G. Kyle, Worshipping Athena: Panathenaia and Parthenon, ed. J. Neils, Madison, 1996, pp. 119-120, 135, note 92
2. contra: R. Hamilton, Worshipping Athena: Panathenaia and Parthenon, ed. J. Neils, Madison, 1996, pp. 141-143
3. A. W. Johnston, BSA 82 (1987), pp. 125-129. Although both Mommsen and Preuner discussed the list extensively and suggested some supplements, neither scholar attempted to provide a complete restoration of the entire text
4. A. Mommsen, Feste der Stadt Athen im Altertum, 2nd ed., Leipzig, 1898, pp. 65-106
5. E. Preuner, Hermes 57 (1922), pp. 89-101. Kotsidu restored the order of events for the musical competitions, but not the rest of the inscription
6. H. Kotsidu, Die musischen Agone der Panathenäen in archaischer und klassischer Zeit: Eine historisch-archäologische Untersuchung, Quellen und Forschungen zur Antiken Welt 8, Munich, 1991, pp. 57-62. Since a contest for paroidia was never part of the Panathenaia, her proposal requires correction
7. 2 2311, see: M. A. Tiverios, ArchDelt 29 (1974), A, pp. 147-149
8. Johnston, BSA 82 (1987), pp. 125-129
9. D. G. Kyle, Athletics in Ancient Athens, Mnemosyne Supplement 95, Leiden, 1987, pp. 36-37
10. D. Bell, Stadion 15 (1989), pp. 177-180
11. O. Tzachou-Alexandri, ed., Mind and Body: Athletic Contests in Ancient Greece, Athens, 1989, p. 43
12. D. Schafter, AJA 95 (1991), pp. 333-334
13. Kotsidu, Die musischen Agone, pp. 56-64, 100-103
14. J. Neils, Goddess and Polis: The Panathenaic Festival in Ancient Athens, ed. J. Neils, Hanover, N.H., 1992, p. 16, fig. 1
15. S. H. Allen, AJA 97 (1993), pp. 329-330
16. N. B. Crowther, ZPE 90 (1992), pp. 97-102
17. J. Neils, AJA 98 (1994), pp. 284-285
18. J. Neils, The Archaeology of Athens and Attica under the Democracy, ed. W. D. E. Coulson et al., Oxford, 1994, pp. 151-160
19. N. B. Crowther, Nikephoros 8 (1995), pp. 111-123
20. E.g. I. Oropos 520, 521, 523, 525
21. The competitions for the pyrrhichistai must have been tribally organised because they are listed under the same rubric as the prizes for the winning tribes in the euandria and the torch-race. In lines 84-86, there is not enough room on the stone to include the words φυλη̂ι νικώσει (fig. 2). Against the pyrrhiche as tribal: J. K. Davies, JHS 87 (1967), pp. 36-37
22. P. Ceccarelli, La pirrica nell' antichità greco romano: Studi sulla danza annota, Rome, 1998, pp. 32-34
23. cf. P. Wilson, The Athenian Institution of the Khoregia: The Chorus, the City and the Stage, Cambridge, 2000, pp. 37, 324, note 137
24. Despite the evidence of the stone, such headings were not included by Johnston in his text; Johnston, BSA 82 (1987), pp. 125-126
25. on the textual problems of this passage, see J. M. Moore, JHS 91 (1971), pp. 140-141
26. Lys. 21.2. Against this location for the cyclic chorus: Kotsidu, Die musischen Agone, pp. 59-61
27. for the date, see J. H. Oakley, The Achilles Painter, Mainz, 1997, p. 153, no. 297
28. cf. Mommsen, Feste, pp. 70-74
29. cf. Preuner, Hermes 57 (1922), p. 91
30. Compare Johnston, BSA 82 (1987), pp. 125-126
31. see also S. V. Tracy and C. Habicht, Hesperia 60 (1991), pp. 196-197
32. Tracy and Habicht, Hesperia 60 (1991), p. 199
33. S. V. Tracy, Nikephoros 4 (1991), pp. 140-141
34. R. Patrucco, Lo sport nella Grecia antica, Florence, 1972, pp. 375, note 2, 382
35. L. Ziehen, s.v. Panathenaia, RE 18.3, Stuttgart, 1949, col. 478
36. cf. Bell, Stadion 15 (1989), pp. 178-179
37. That the synoris was on the programme is suggested by Ar. Clouds 14-16 in which Pheidippides is described as driving a synoris. Since the synoris was not included in the programmes at the Olympia and the Pythia until 408 and 398 B.C. respectively, the impetus for practising this event at Athens must have come from a local festival and very likely the Panathenaia; Olympia and Pythia: R. G. A. Weir, Roman Delphi and its Pythian Games, Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, 1998, p. 51
38. M. Golden, Sport and Society in Ancient Greece, Cambridge, 1998, p. 41
39. Weir, Roman Delphi, p. 51
40. Golden, Sport and Society, p. 41
41. The date for the event's introduction at the Pythia is given by Paus. 10.7.7-8. Note that, in his chart, Weir has inadvertently reversed the dates for the introduction of the horse-race for colts and the synoris for colts: the horse-race belongs in 338, not 314, and the synoris in 314, not 338; Weir, Roman Delphi, p. 51
42. cf. Athen. 14.617a. Neither of these sources indicate when the competition was included in Athena's festival, although some scholars have considered it part of the programme in the Classical period; M. F. Vos, Enthousiasmos: Essays in Greek and Related Pottery presented to J. M. Hemelrijk, eds. H. A. G. Brijder, A. A. Drukker, and C. W. Neeft, Allard Pierson Series 6, Amsterdam, 1986, pp. 126-127
43. Comparison with lines 16-17 and 91-92 indicates that, in the section for the tribal contests, the sums of 100 drachmai, which are listed in the left margins of lines 84-88 and 91-93, record the worth of the individual oxen and are not additional amounts presented to the victorious teams. Similarly, in line 89, the sum of 30 drachmai indicates the value of the hydria awarded to the victorious individual torch-racer. Contra: Kyle, Athletics in Ancient Athens, p. 37
44. R. Merkelbach, ZPE 67 (1987), pp. 293-295 (= Philologica. Ausgewählte Kleine Schriften, Stuttgart/Leipzig 1997, 463-465)
45. For the most recent edition of the text, see Merkelbach. This evidence was not used by Mommsen and his figures are at least ten amphorae smaller; Mommsen, Feste, p. 78, note 1
46. Young, on the assumption that the men's prizes were double the boys' rewards, restores 100 and 20 amphorae for the first and second places in the men's Stadion and 80 and 16 for the men's pankration; D. C. Young, The Olympic Myth of Greek Amateur Athletics, Chicago, 1984, pp. 116, 119, 121
47. D. Harris, The Treasures of the Parthenon and Erechtheion, Oxford, 1995, no. V.416
48. Crowther, ZPE 90 (1992), p. 99. He points out that only the victor was recorded in the records of the Theseia at this same time
49. Date of the prize list: Kyle, Athletics in Ancient Athens, p. 36
50. Crowther, Nikephoros 8 (1995), p. 122
51. J. D. Beazley, The Development of Attic Black-figure, rev. ed., Berkeley, 1986, pp. 89, 109, notes 61, 64 with earlier literature
52. N. Eschbach, Statuen auf panathenäischen Preisamphoren des 4. Jhrs. v. Chr., Mainz, 1986, p. 18
53. J. Frel, RA 1972, pp. 285-286
54. cf. P. D. Valavanis, AA 1987, pp. 467-468, 479, who dates the vase to shortly before 380 B.C.
55. N. Eschbach, Panathenaïka: Symposion zu den Panathenäischen Preisamphoren, Rauischholzhausen 25.11-29.11.1998, eds. M. Bentz and N. Eschbach, Mainz, 2001, pp. 86-90, who now accepts a date between 392 and ca. 385 B.C
56. J. Boardman, Athenian Black Figure Vases, a Handbook, New York, 1974, pp. 169-170
57. Frei, RA 1972, pp. 285-286
58. For additional supporters of this view, see R. Hamilton, ZPE 96 (1993), pp. 238-239 with further bibliography
59. R. Sallares, The Ecology of the Ancient Greek World, London, 1991, p. 305
60. H. A. Forbes and L. Foxhall, Expedition 21.1 (1978), pp. 37, 46
61. For the changes instituted by Demetrios of Phaleron, see C. Habicht, Athens from Alexander to Antony, Cambridge, MA, 1997, pp. 54-59 with earlier bibliography
62. J. D. Mikalson, Religion in Hellenistic Athens, Berkeley, 1998, pp. 53-62
63. S. V. Tracy, Athenian Democracy in Transition: Attic Letter-Cutters of 340 to 290 B.C., Berkeley, 1995, pp. 47-49
64. R. Parker, Athenian Religion: A History, Oxford, 1996, pp. 268, 271
65. Second half of the third century B.C.: National Museum, Athens, Akropolis 1113: B. Graef and E. Langlotz, Die antiken Vasen von der Akropolis zu Athen I, Berlin, 1925, pl. 64
66. J. J. Keaney, The Composition of Aristotle's Athenaion Politeia: Observation and Explanation, New York, 1992, pp. 5-14
67. M. Chambers, Aristoteles: Staat der Athener, Berlin, 1990, pp. 75-82. The latest preserved reference to the treasurers of Athena dates to 299/8 B.C.
68. see Rhodes, Comm., p. 550 with earlier bibliography and also the discussion below. Frei inexplicably associates the tamias listed on the prizes with the treasurers of Athena mentioned in Arist. Ath. Pol. 60.3
69. J. Frel, Panathenaic Prize Amphoras, Athens, 1973, pp. 29-30. He neglects to notice that the treasurer on the prize vases is one official and listed in the singular, while the tamiai of the goddess are a board and, therefore, in the plural. The stratiotic fund is first attested in 374/3 in Agora Excavations, Athens, I 7557, lines 54-55
70. R. S. Stroud, The Athenian Grain-Tax Law of 374/3 B.C., Hesperia Supplement 29, Princeton, 1998, pp. 4-10, 78
71. At this time, the fund received revenue from the annual sale of grain from Lemnos, Imbros, and Skyros and the office of treasurer must existed at this time; the position may have been instituted at the time of the foundation of the Second Athenian Confederacy in 378; Stroud, Athenian Grain-Tax, p. 78; G. L. Cawkwell, JHS 83 (1963), pp. 60-61
72. G. L. Cawkwell, Mnemosyne 15 (1962), pp. 378-383
73. Amphora from the Philopappos Hill: Collection of the Third Ephoreia, Athens, A 1918: N. Metaxa-Prokopiou, ArchDelt 25 (1970), A, pp. 97-99
74. D. Tsouklidou, Panathenaïka: Symposion zu den Panathenäischen Preisamphoren, Rauischholzhausen 25.11-29.11.1998, eds. M. Bentz and N. Eschbach, Mainz, 2001, p. 39, pl. 17.3
75. Other jars: Agora Excavations, Athens, P 5911: Edwards 14; National Museum, Athens, A 17934: W. Ameling, K. Bringmann, and B. Schmidt-Dounas, Schenkungen hellenistischer Herrscher an griechische Städte und Heiligtümer I: Zeugnisse und Kommentare, series eds. K. Bringmann and H. von Steuben, Berlin, 1995, pp. 82-83, no. 37, figs. 23-26
76. Tsouklidou, Panathenaïka, pp. 38-40, pls. 15.5-6, 17.4
77. National Museum, Athens, Akropolis 1109: Graef and Langlotz, Die antiken Vasen I, pl. 65. Edwards, pp. 331-332
78. Early first century B.C.: Kerameikos Excavations, Athens, PA 342: Frel, Panathenaic Prize Amphoras, pp. 30-31, fig. 31
79. Collection of the British School of Archaeology at Athens, no inventory number, from Melos: C. Smith, BSA 3 (1896-97), pl. 16.b. Frei believes that Agora Excavations, Athens, P 26600, which he dates to the early fourth century A.D., was a prize vase even though the floor of the base was pierced and it can never have held oil; Frel, Panathenaic Prize Amphoras, p. 32, fig. 33. Since this vessel could not hold oil, it was not a prize vase, although it might perhaps have been a souvenir
80. L. Moretti, Iscrizioni agonistiche greche, Rome, 1953, pp. 202-203
81. e siècle: Études chronologiques et prosopographiques, Paris, 1976, pp. 331, 333
82. Lucian, Anach. 9
83. Istros FGrHist 334 F30
84. Androt. FGrHist 324 F39
85. Philoch. FGrHist 328 F125
86. P. Harding, Androtion and the Atthis: The Fragments Translated with Introduction and Commentary, Oxford, 1994, pp. 149-150
87. On the composition date, see Rhodes, Comm., pp. 51-58
88. Keaney, The Composition, p. 9
89. For the amphorae and the Pompeion, see W. Hoepfner et. al., Kerameikos X: Das Pompeion und seine Nachfolgerbauten, Berlin, 1976, pp. 122-123, 239
90. S. Isager and J. E. Skydsgaard, Ancient Greek Agriculture: An introduction, London, 1992, p. 204
91. S. C. Todd, The Shape of Athenian Law, Oxford, 1993, p. 307, note 20
92. Valavanis, AA 1987, p. 478
93. Lys. 7.25, 29. For the date, see C. Carey, Lysias: Selected Speeches, Cambridge, 1989, p. 114
94. S. C. Todd, Lysias, The Oratory of Classical Greece 2, Austin, 2000, pp. 77-78
95. M. A. Tiverios, Worshipping Athena: Panathenaia and Parthenon, ed. J. Neils, Madison, 1996, p. 167
96. Amphora: above note 42. Compare Valavanis, AA 1987, p. 479
97. Carey, Lysias, p. 115
98. R. L. Pounder, Hesperia 52 (1983), pp. 249-250
99. B. D. Meritt, Historia 26 (1977), p. 184
100. T. L. Shear, Jr., Kallias of Sphettos and the Revolt of Athens in 286 B.C., Hesperia Supplement 17, Princeton, 1978, p. 39
101. C. Habicht, Hesperia 57 (1988), pp. 242-243. The section on the Panathenaia is placed after the archonship of Theaitetos, which is fixed in 144/3, and the festival must belong in 142/1
102. Tiverios, Worshipping Athena, p. 168. We should note that there are no testimonia which place the storage of the oil elsewhere in Athens and, therefore, in the Hellenistic period, it was probably not stored in the 'Hellenistic Arsenal' in the Agora as suggested by Edwards and Pounder
103. Pounder, Hesperia 52 (1983), pp. 249, 251
104. Hamilton, ZPE 96 (1993), p. 244. This observation was missed by Isager and Skydsgaard who believe that the oil was placed in the prize vases as soon as it was pressed, but they offer no evidence for their supposition
105. Isager and Skydsgaard, Ancient Greek Agriculture, p. 204
106. For the metretes as the capacity of a prize amphora, see e.g. Neils, Goddess and Polis, pp. 39-40
107. Hamilton, Worshipping Athena, pp. 139-143
108. For this same conclusion, see also Kyle, Worshipping Athena, p. 135, note 92