Metal missionaries to the nation: Christian heavy metal music, "family values," and youth culture, 1984-1994

American Quarterly

Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 103-128

  Luhr, Eileen ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 60949828315     PISSN: 00030678     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/aq.2005.0013     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. White Metal News, White Throne, no. 3 (1987), 3
2. For an overview of the contest over values, see James Davison Hunter, Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America (New York: Basic Books, 1991)
3. See also Lisa McGirr, Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001)
4. and Susan Harding, The Book of Jerry Falwell: Fundamentalist Language and Politics (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000)
5. Cliff Schimmels, "Understanding Today's Teens," Moody Monthly, March 1992, 13
6. R. Laurence Moore, Selling God: American Religion in the Marketplace of Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 6
7. Lillian Taiz, Hallelujah Lads and Lasses: Remaking the Salvation Army in America, 1880-1930 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001)
8. Colleen McDannell, Material Christianity: Religion and Popular Culture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), chap. 8
9. See also Heather Hendershot, Shaking the World for Jesus: Media and Conservative Evangelical Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004)
10. Harding, The Book of Jerry Falwell, 10
11. Hunter, Culture Wars, 280
12. Jeffrey Ressner, "Head Bangers: Learning to Earn," Rolling Stone, November 16, 1989, 33
13. Weinstein, Heavy Metal, 35-43
14. Robert Walser, Running with the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1993), 14, 55
15. Stewart Powell with Ronald A. Taylor and Kenneth T. Walsh, "What Entertainers Are Doing to Your Kids," U.S. News & World Report, October 28, 1985, 46-49
16. Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987), 58-59
17. Moore, Selling God, 6
18. George Lipsitz, Time Passages: Collective Memory and American Popular Culture (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990), chap. 5
19. R. Laurence Moore, Religious Outsiders and the Making of America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986)
20. See also Robert S. Ellwood Jr., One Way: The Jesus Movement and Its Meaning (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973)
21. Patrick Buchanan, "The Election Is About Who We Are," Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, August 22, 1992, 2544
22. William Eaton and Connie Stewart, "Purist's Right: Upward, Christian Soldiers," Los Angeles Times, August 21, 1992
23. "Idle Cure," Heavens Metal 2, no. 4 (1987), 2
24. Roger Martinez, "Going Behind Enemy Lines," White Throne, no. 5, 10-11
25. "Gardian," Heaven's Metal 2, no. 5 (1987), 14-15, 23. The section of Paul's letter to the Ephesians reads, in part, "Put on the whole armor of God, so that you maybe able to stand against the wiles of the devil. For our struggle is not against the enemies of blood and flesh, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers of this present darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places. Therefore take up the whole armor of God, so that you may be able to withstand on that evil day, and having done everything, to stand firm." Ephesians 6:11 -13, New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)
26. "Quotable Quotes," Heaven's Metal 3, no. 3 (1987), 29
27. "Roxalt: From Being a Bunch of KISS Freaks to Guitar-Wielding Jesus Freaks," Heaven's Metal 1, no. 5 (1986), 8-10
28. Metal Tracks, Heaven's Metal 2, no. 4 (1987), 15
29. Al Menconi, "'Vengeance is mine,' saith the Lord-or is it?" Media Update 8, no. 1 (January-February 1989): 12-14
30. "Holy Soldier," Heaven's Metal, no. 33 (1990), 4-7
31. "Holy Soldier," Heaven's Metal, no. 3 (1986), 14-15
32. "Gardian," Heaven's Metal 3, no. 2 (1987), 8-9, 11
33. Tom Denlinger, "Feedback," Lightshine International Metal Magazine 6, no. 4, 3-4
34. Jeff Zimmerman, "Lessons of Suffering and Pain," Lightshine International Metal Magazine 6, no. 2, 1-4
35. Joe Conason, "The Religious Right's Quiet Revolution," The Nation, April 27, 1992, 555
36. Walser, Running with the Devil, 10
37. Bob Darden, "In the Wings, Christian Music Readies for the Spotlight," Billboard, March 27, 1993, 44-45
38. Kenneth Woodward, "The New Christian Minstrels," Newsweek, August 19, 1985, 70-71
39. Rebecca Sodergren, "Is Profit a Problem in Christian Music?" Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, February 13, 2000
40. Bob Darden, "Crossover Dreams: Christian Music Stars Are Finding Glory in the Mainstream, but What Are the Dangers?" Billboard, April 11, 1992, 27-28
41. Darden, "Christian Music Readies for the Spotlight," 44-45. Christian bookstores were not part of the SoundScan sales-tracking system until April 1995, but Christian bands benefited from sales at secular outlets
42. Doug Van Pelt, "What Megadeth Sez," HM, 1996; http://www.christianmusic.org/cmp/hmmag/archives/Megadeth.html (accessed May 10, 1999)
43. Robert La Franco and Lisa Gubernick, "Rocking with God," Forbes, January 2, 1995, 40-41
44. Jeff McCormack, "Guardian," Pendragon, no. 2, 7-8
45. Randy Rocker and Ed Warner, "Interview with Holy Soldier," Take a Stand 3, no. 7 (January 1990), 1-3
46. Caroline Knox, "Taking It to the Limit with Whitecross," Heaven's Metal, no. 18 (1988), 4-6
47. McGirr, Suburban Warriors, 226
48. Paul Verden, Kathleen Dunleavy, and Charles H. Powers, "Heavy Metal Mania and Adolescent Delinquency," Popular Music and Society 13, no. 1 (spring 1989): 73-82
49. Metal Tracks, Heaven's Metal, no. 25 (1989), 29
50. Heaven's Metal 3, no. 1 (1987), 17
51. "Guardian," Heaven's Metal, no. 20 (1988): 6-8
52. "Exodus II: Rock to Reach," Heaven's Metal 2, no. 4 (1987), 15
53. Marc Carpenter, "Tackling Issues with Barren Cross," Heaven's Metal, no. 21 (1989), 13-15
54. Lust Control, "Planned Parenthood," We Are Not Ashamed, Enclave, 1992, as cited by Ariel Jahdiel, "Lust Control," http://www.geocities.com/ariel777.geo/WANA.html (accessed March 20, 2002)
55. "Interview with Jim LaVerde," Gospel Metal, fall 1987, 25-27
56. Randy Rocker, "Mike Lee Interview," Take a Stand3, no. 4 (October 1989), 2
57. Bob Hopkins and Doug VanPelt, "The Mighty Sound of Barren Cross," Heaven's Metal, no. 16 (1988), 21-24
58. G. Dewar Macleod, "'Kids of the Black Hole': Youth Culture in Postsuburbia" (Ph.D. diss., City University of New York, 1998), 5
59. Ed Warner, "One Bad Pig Interview," Take a Stand 4, no. 4 (October 1990), 1-2
60. Macleod, "Kids of the Black Hole," 5
61. "Steve Camp," Heaven's Metal 1, no. 6 (1986), 14-15
62. Michael Bloodgood, "What's Wrong with Christian Music: The Fans and the Bands," Heaven's Metal, no. 18 (1988), 34-35
63. Crash McNamara, "Stryper," Take a Stand 3, no. 1 (July 1989), 1-2
64. Doug Van Pelt, "Pigs in Hog Heaven," Heaven's Metal, no. 25 (1989), 6-9
65. Greil Marcus, Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), 1-152
66. "Interview with Judea," Gospel Metal, no. 6 (1989), 11-13
67. Jimmy Swaggart, Christian Rock and Roll (Baton Rouge, La.: Jimmy Swaggart Ministries, 1986), 21-27
68. Jimmy Swaggart, Religious Rock 'n' Roll: A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing (Baton Rouge, La.: Jimmy Swaggart Ministries, 1986), 42
69. Dean Ross, "Glenn Kaiser Speaks Out on Music," Heavens Metal, no. 26, 28-30
70. Swaggart, Religious Rock 'n' Roll, 45
71. "Holy Soldier," Heaven's Metal 2, no. 3 (1986), 14-16
72. Doug Van Pelt, "Metal Tracks," Heaven's Metal, no. 25, 29
73. "Eternal Ryte," Heaven's Metal 2, no. 2 (1986), 3
74. Dave Muttillo, review of Power Down in the Fun House, by Virginia Creeper, White Throne, no. 11 (1992), 61
75. Sound Off, White Throne, no. 12 (1992), 9
76. Christy Arnold, Randy Rocker, and Tara Jensen, "Rock 'n' Roll Wives Interview with Christine Whitaker and Lisa Lee of Barren Cross," Take a Stand, December 1988, 3-4
77. Deliverance, "Quotable Quotes," Heaven's Metal 2, no. 6 (1987), 14
78. Andy Sécher, "Stryper: Angels with Dirty Faces" Hit Parader, January 1987, 56-57
79. Chain Mail Section, Metal, December 1988, 4