Everyday mussolinism: Friends, family, locality and violence in Fascist Italy

Contemporary European History

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 23-43

  Bosworth, R J B ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 60949810849     PISSN: 09607773     EISSN: 14692171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0960777304002139     Document Type: Review

References (33)

1. For an historical account of the world of Piedmontese-French migration, see N. Revelli, Il mondo dei vinti: testimonianze di vita contadina, 2 vols. (Turin: Einaudi, 1977)
2. For the latest scholarly review of the matter, see M. Franzinelli, Delatori: spie e confidenti anonimi: l'arma segreta del regime fascista (Milan: Mondadori, 2001)
3. C. Levi, Christ Stopped at Eboli: The Story of a Year (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1947)
4. D. J. K. Peukert, Inside Nazi Germany: Conformity, Opposition and Racism in Everyday Life (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1989)
5. The Weimar Republic: The Crisis of Classical Modernity (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991)
6. S. Fitzpatrick, Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999)
7. L. Passerini, Fascism in Popular Memory: The Cultural Memory of the Turin Working Class (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987) (first published in Italian in 1984)
8. C. Pavone, Una guerra civile: saggio storico sulla moralità nella Resistenza (Turin: Bollati Boringhieri, 1991)
9. See, e.g., E. Gentile, 'Fascism as Political Religion', Journal of Contemporary History, 25, (1990), 229-51
10. La via italiana al totalitarismo: il Partito e lo Stato nel regime fascista (Rome: La Nuova Italia Scientifica, 1995)
11. The Sacralization of Politics in Fascist Italy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996)
12. S. Falasca-Zamponi, Fascist Spectacle: The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini's Italy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 6
13. E. Gentile, 'Fascism in Italian Historiography: In Search of an Individual Historical Identity', Journal of Contemporary History, 21, 2 (1986), 180
14. See G. Amendola, Intervista sull'antifascismo, ed. P. Melograni (Bari: Laterza, 1976) or
15. for the memories, G. Amendola, Una scelta di vita (Milan: Rizzoli, 1976)
16. Un'isola (Milan: Rizzoli, 1980)
17. See the convincing recent effort by Paul Corner to re-emphasise the retrograde nature of the Fascist regime and my own insistence in my biography of Mussolini that any account of the dictatorship must start by acknowledging its 'premature' death toll of a million or more. P. Corner, 'Italian Fascism: Whatever Happened to Dictatorship?' Journal of Modern History, 74, 3 (2002), 325-51
18. R. J. B. Bosworth, Mussolini (London: Arnold, 2002), 35
19. M. Ferro, The Bolshevik Revolution: A Social History of the Russian Revolution (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985), vii
20. A. Grandi, I giovani di Mussolini: Fascisti convinti, fascisti pentiti, antifascisti (Milan: Baldini & Castoldi, 2001), 76-7
21. For evidence that Stalin thought in a not dissimilar way about his version of totalitarianism, see J. Harris, 'Was Stalin a weak dictator?', Journal of Modern History, 75, 3 (2003), 375-86
22. His brother, Arnaldo, however, confessed that much of his time was spent replying to requests for favours and in assaying raccomandazioni. See Bosworth, Mussolini, 260
23. Annuario diplomatico e delle carriere direttive (Rome: Ministero degli Affari Esteri, 1980), 593
24. For the details of his death see the bathetic account by his English-language biographer, H. Fornari, Mussolini's Gadfly: Roberto Farinacci (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1971), 214-15
25. For some further accounts of this sort of behaviour among Mussolini's henchmen, see R. J. B. Bosworth, 'Per necessità Famigliare: Hypocrisy and Corruption in Fascist Italy', European History Quarterly, 30, 3 (2000), 357-87
26. 'Imitating Mussolini with Advantages: The Case of Edgardo Sulis', European History Quarterly, 32, 4 (2002), 514-33
27. For published Italian listings of these files, see A. Dal Pont and S. Carolini, L'Italia al confino: le ordinanze di assegnazione al confino messe dalle Commissioni provinciali dal novembre 1926 al luglio 1943, 4 vols. (Milan: La Pietra, 1983)
28. Cf. the more sketchy but still useful, A. Dal Pont, I lager di Mussolini: l'altra faccia del confino nei documenti della politica fascista (Milan: La Pietra, 1975)
29. See especially his account in E. Gentile, Storia del partito fascista 1919-1922: movimento e milizia (Bari: Laterza, 1989)
30. S. Fitzpatrick, 'The World of Ostap Bender: Soviet Confidence Men in the Stalin Period', Slavic Review, 61, 4 (2002), 535-57
31. See, e.g., S. Zuccotti, Under His Very Windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), 36-7
32. For his banal account of these times see M. Magistrati, Il prologo del dramma: Berlno 1934-1937 (Milan: Mursia, 1971)
33. L'Italia a Berlino (1937-1939) (Milan: Mondadori, 1956)