'Exhausted by fishermen's nets' Roman sea fisheries and their management

Journal of Mediterranean Studies

Volumn 16, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 259-272

  Trakadas, Athena ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 60949627075     PISSN: 10163476     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. M. Torelli, Studies in the Romanization of Italy (Edmonton, Alberta, 1995), 3-15;
2. J. H. D'Arms, Romans on the Bay of Naples. A social and cultural study of villas and their owners from 150 BC to AD 400 (Cambridge, MA, 1970), 1
3. See arguments contra T.W. Gallant, A Fisherman's Tale: an analysis of the potential productivity of fishing in the ancient world (Gent, 1985)
4. presented in T. Bekker-Nielsen, 'Fish in the ancient economy', in K. Ascani, V. Gabreilsen, K. Kvist & A. Holm Rasmussen (eds), Ancient History Matters. Studies presented to Jens Erik Skydsgaard on his Seventieth Birthday (Rome, 2002), 29-37;
5. T. Bekker-Nielsen, 'The technology and productivity of ancient sea fishing', in T. Bekker-Nielsen (ed.), Ancient fishing and fish processing in the Black Sea region (Aarhus, 2005), 83-95;
6. N. Purcell, 'Eating fish. The paradoxes of seafood', in J. Wilkins, D. Harvey & M. Dobson (eds), Food in Antiquity (Exeter, 1995), 133, 138-139;
7. R. I. Curtis, Garum and salsamenta. Production and commerce in material medica (Leiden, 1991), 149, 176;
8. J. Wilkins, 'Fish as a source of food in antiquity', in T. Bekker-Nielsen (ed.), Ancient fishing and fish processing in the Black Sea region (Aarhus, 2005), 21-30;
9. J. de Grossi Mazzorin, 'État de nos connaissances concernant le traitement et la consommation du poisson dans l'Antiquité à la lumière de l'archéologie; l'example de Rome', Mélanges de l'École Française de Rome, Antiquité CXII (2000), 155-167;
10. J. Wilkins, 'Social status and fish in Greece and Rome', in G. Mars & V. Mars (eds), Food, culture and history, I (London, 1993), 191-192, 197;
11. T: H. Concoran, The Roman fishing industry of the late Republic and early Empire (Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, 1957), 86-87.
12. P. Ørsted, 'Salt, fish and the sea in the Roman Empire', in I. Nielsen & H. Sigismund Nielsen (eds), Meals in a Social Context. Aspects of the Communal Meal in the Hellenistic and Roman World (Aarhus, 1998), 15.
13. Y. Peurière, 'Fisheries, property rights and regulation in ancient Rome: nihil noui sub mari', Marine Resources: Property rights, economics and environment XIV (2002), 18
14. Wilkins, 'Social status', 194;
15. Bekker-Nielsen, 'Fish in the ancient economy', 30.
16. An example of a navis vivaria, dating to the second century AD, has been excavated at Portus, Rome's Imperial harbour; see O. Testaguzza, Portus (Rome, 1970), 132.
17. J. Higginbotham, Piscinae. Artificial fishponds in Roman Italy (London, 1997), 1, (4-5), 58.
18. D'Arms, Romans on the Bay, 1-9.
19. The ancient references referring to these species are collected in Concoran, The Roman fishing industry, 27, 48, 62
20. Higginbotham, Piscinae, 10-12, 69-72;
21. X. Lafon, 'Piscinae et pisciculture dans le basin occidental de la Méditerranée', Journal of Roman Archaeology XI (1998), 573, n. 1.
22. R. C. Hoffman, 'Economic development and aquatic ecosystems in medieval Europe', The American Historical Review CI (1996), 659;
23. R. J. Zeepvat, 'Fishponds in Roman Britain', in M. Aston (ed.), Medieval Fish, Fisheries and Fishponds in England, I (Oxford, 1988), 17;
24. I. de Gaine & G. A. Harrison, 'Preface', in I. de Gaine & G. A. Harrison (eds), Coping with uncertainty in food supply (Oxford, 1988), vi.
25. D'Arms, Commerce and social standing in ancient Rome (London, 1981), 80-81.
26. D'Arms, Commerce and social standing, 80-82.
27. P. A. Brunt, 'Two great Roman landowners', Latomus XXXIV (1975), 619-635.
28. E. K. Gazda & A. M. McCann, 'Reconstruction and function: port, fishery, and villa', in A. M. McCann, J. Bourgeois, E. K. Gazda, J. P. Oleson & E. Lyding Will, The Roman Port and Fishery of Cosa (Princeton, NJ, 1987), 141-155;
29. A. M. McCann, 'The Harbor and Fishery Remains at Cosa, Italy', Journal of Field Archaeology VI (1979), 393.
30. A. M. McCann, 'Conclusions', in A. M. McCann, J. Bourgeois, E. K. Gazda, J. P. Oleson & E. Lyding Will, The Roman Port and Fishery of Cosa (Princeton, NJ, 1987), 338.
31. Peurière, 'Fisheries', 19.
32. D. Brothwell & P. Brothwell, Food in Antiquity. A Survey of the Diet of Early Peoples (London, 1969), 65-66.
33. Lafon, 'Piscinae et pisciculture', 577.
34. Demonstrated by the ostraria scene on the Populonia bottle, among others: O. B. Harden, Glass of the Caesars (Milan, 1987), 208-209.
35. Higginbotham, Piscinae, 39, 60-64.
36. The spawning times of fish appear to have been known in antiquity, as described by Pliny (Natural History 9.74), among others.
37. W. Radcliffe, Fishing from earliest times (Chicago, 1921), 289-291;
38. Brothwell & Brothwell, Food in Antiquity, 58.
39. R. Etienne, 'A propos du "garum sociorum" ', Latomus XXIX (1970), 298-299;
40. Á. Muñoz Vicente, G. de Frutos Reyes & N. Berriatua Hernández, 'Contribución a las orígenes y diffusion commercial de la industria pesquera y conservera Gaditana a través de las recientes aportaciones de las factorías de salazones de la Bahía de Cadiz', in E. Ripoll Perelló (ed.), Actas de Congreso Internacional 'el Estrecho de Gibraltar,' Ceuta, noviembre 1987, I (Madrid, 1988), 488-496;
41. J. M. Højte, 'The archaeological evidence for fish processing in the Black Sea region', in T. Bekker-Nielsen (ed.), Ancient fishing and fish processing in the Black Sea region (Aarhus, 2005), 133-160.
42. Curtis, Garum and salsamenta, 46-147.
43. Finds of imported ceramic garum amphorae at Pompeii and Herculaneum demonstrate that local sites were no longer processing salted-fish products even prior to Mt. Vesuvius' eruption in AD 79, see R.I. Curtis, 'In defense of garum', The Classical Journal LXXVIII (1983), 236-237;
44. R. Étienne & F. Mayet, 'Le garum a Pompéi. Production et commerce', Revue des Études Anciennes C (1998), 199-215.
45. A. Trakadas, 'The archaeological evidence for fish processing in the western Mediterranean', in T. Bekker-Nielsen (ed.), Ancient fishing and fish processing in the Black Sea region (Aarhus, 2005), 47-82;
46. R. Étienne & F. Mayet, 'Cartographie critique des établissements de salaisons de poisson dans la péninsule Ibérique', in E. Rieth (ed.), Méditerranée antique. Pêche, navigation, commerce (Paris, 1998), 33-57.
47. S. Martin-Kilcher, 'Amphores à sauces de poisson du sud de la péninsule ibérique dans les provinces septentrionales', Congreso internacional 'Ex Baetica Amphorae'. Conservas, aceite y vino de la Bética en el Imperio Romano. Sevilla - Écija, 17 al 20 de diciembre de 1998, III (Écija, 2000), 759-786;
48. J. Martínez Maganto, 'Inscripciones sobre ánforas de salazón: interpretación sobre la estructura y significación commercial de los tituli picti', Congreso internacional 'Ex Baetica Amphorae'. Conservas, aceite y vino de la Bética en el Imperio Romano. Sevilla - Écija, 17 al 20 de diciembre de 1998, IV (Écija, 2000), 1207-1219.
49. Curtis 'In defense', 238-239.
50. Higginbotham, Piscinae, 62, 66-67.
51. Trakadas, 'The archaeological evidence', 74;
52. C. Panella, 'Annotazioni in margine aile stratigrafie delle Terme ostiensi del Nuotatore', Recherches sur les amphores romaines (Rome, 1972), 151-165.