An 'effeminate' or 'efficient' nation? Masculinity and eighteenth-century social documentary

Textual Practice

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 429-443

  Carter, Philip ^a  

^a WOLFSON COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Brown, John 'Estimate'; Effeminacy; Enlightenment; Hume, David; Luxury; Masculinity

Indexed keywords

EID: 60949595059     PISSN: 0950236X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09502369708582288     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. John Brown, An Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times (2 vols, London, 1757/8), i, pp. 15-16
2. John Shebbeare, A Second Letter to the People of England (London, 1755), p. 51
3. The Tryal of Lady Allurea Luxury (London, 1757), p. 75
4. J. G. A. Pocock, Virtue Commerce and History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 114
5. Michèle Cohen, Fashioning Masculinity. National Identity and Language in the Eighteenth Century (London: Routledge, 1996), p. 5
6. A notable exception to this lack of scholarly attention is Kathleen Wilson, The Sense of the People. Politics, Culture and Imperialism in England, 1715-1785 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995)
7. Randolph Trumbach, 'The birth of the queen: sodomy and the emergence of gender equality in modern culture, 1660-1750', in Martin B. Duberman et al. (eds), Hidden From History. Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past (London: Penguin Books, 1991)
8. Alan Sinfield, The Wilde Century. Effeminacy, Oscar Wilde and the Queer Moment (London: Cassell, 1994), p. 26
9. Jonathan Swift, The Intelligencer, no. 9 (6-9 July 1728), ed. James Woolley (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 123-4
10. John Gregory, A Comparative View of the State and Faculties of Man (London, 1765), p. 34
11. The Gentleman's Magazine, xxxi (February 1761), p. 59
12. The Gentleman's Magazine, 1761, Ibid.,i, pp. 36-7, 125
13. London Magazine, xlii (July 1773), p. 332
14. Universal Magazine, xliv (February 1774), p. 83
15. Charles Hanbury-Williams, The Real Character of the Age (London, 1757), p. 2
16. Swithin Swing, Letters to the Estimator (London 1758), p. 33
17. James Ralph, The Case of the Authors (London, 1758), pp. 11-13
18. Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees (1714, 1732 edn)
19. F. B. Kaye (2 vols, 1924, rpt Indianapolis: Liberty Press, 1988), i, pp. 120-2
20. Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), eds D. D. Raphael and A. L. Macfie (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976), p. 205
21. David Hume, 'Of refinement in the arts and sciences', in Essays Moral, Political and Literary (Parts I and II, 1742/1752, 1777 edn), ed. Eugene F. Miller (Indianapolis: Liberty Press, 1985), pp. 274-5
22. John Broughton, Proposals for Erecting an Amphitheatre for the Manly Exercise of BOXING (London, 1742), p. 2
23. Connoisseur, no. 30 (22 August 1754), ed. Alexander Chalmers (3 vols, London, 1808), i, pp. 158-9
24. For criticisms of boxing as intemperate, willfully aggressive and hence unmanly, see Vicesimus Knox, 'On the art which has lately been heard with the name of pugilism', in Winter Evenings (2 vols, London, 1788)
25. John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693). in The Educational Writings of John Locke, ed. James L. Axtell (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968), pp. 121-2
26. Richard Peers, A Companion for Youth (London, 1738), p. 84
27. 'Of refinement in the arts', in Essays, p. 271
28. 'Of the rise and progress of the arts and sciences' (1752), in Essays, p. 133
29. For the fop's place in this learning process see my 'Men about town: representations of foppery and masculinity in early eighteenth-century urban society', in Hannah Barker and Elaine Chalus eds, Gender in Eighteenth- Century England. Roles, Representations and Responsibilities (Longman: London, 1997)
30. Man, A Paper, no. 43 (22 October 1755), pp. 2-5
31. Knox, 'On the unmanliness of shedding tears', in Winter Evenings, ii, pp. 182-3
32. John Pringle, The Life of General James Wolfe (London, 1760), pp. 5, 17
33. Smith, Theory, pp. 27, 238