Foreign influences on American Shi'ism

Muslim World

Volumn 90, Issue 3-4, 2000, Pages 459-478

  Takim, Liyakatali ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 60949480127     PISSN: 00274909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-1913.2000.tb03700.x     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. For example, al-Sadr's book called "What do you know about Islamic Economics?" was translated by Yasin al-Jibouri in 1980.
2. Al-Jibouri, himself a scholar from Iraq, has also published al-Sadr's book on contemporary society. Other Iraqi and Lebanese Shi'is residing in Toledo and other parts of America have also published and disseminated many of his Arabic works and speeches. Al-Jibouri, "A Glance at Shi'a Communities in the US," in Islamic Insights, Virginia (April 1995): 4.
3. Linda Walbridge, Without Forgetting the Imam: Lebanese Shi'ism in an American Community (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997), 53.
4. See The Independent, June 16, 1998, 14.
5. Current Legal Issues According to the Edicts of Ayatullah al-Sayyid 'Ali al-Seestani(London: Imam 'Ali Foundation, 1997), 25-26.
6. 'Abdul Hadi al-Hakim, A Code of Practice for Muslims in the West in Accordance with the Edicts of Ayatullah al-Udhma as-Sayyid Ali al-Husaini as-Seestani, trans. Sayyid Muhammad Rizvi (London: Imam 'Ali Foundation, 1999), 70, 84.
7. Current Legal Issues, 48
8. 'Abdul Hadi al-Hakim, A Code of Practice, 236.
9. Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi', Intellectual Origins of Islamic Resurgence in the Modern Arab World (Albany. SUNY, 1996), 239-240.
10. Ayatullah al-'Uzma al-Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Fadlullah, World of Our Youth, translated by Khaleel Mohammed (Montreal: Organization for the Advancement of Islamic Learning and Humanitarian Services, 1998), 226.
11. See Fadl Allah's web page: www. bayynat. org. lb
12. Walbridge, Without Forgetting the Iman, 64.
13. On the mass movements in Sunni mosques in America see Barbara Metcalf, "New Medinas: The Tablighi Jama'at in America and Europe," in Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe, ed. Barbara Metcalf (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1996), 113.
14. Husayniyyas are distinguished from mosques in that rules governing ritual purity of mosques are not applied there
15. Vernon Schubel, "Karbala as Sacred Space among North American Shi'a," in Barbara Metcalf, ed. , Making Muslim Space, 187.
16. This refers to the public processions marking the martyrdom of Husayn. 29. Rachel Bloul, "Engendering Muslim Identities: Deterritorialization and the Ethnicization Process in France," in Making Muslim Space, ed. Metcalf, 234.
17. An important study on the subject is a recent survey done on the Shi'a youth in Toronto. The book marks an important milestone in understanding the youth predicament in North America. See Muslim Youth at the Crossroads: Advancing into the Twenty First Century, ed. Sadik Alloo (Toronto: Hyderi, 1995).
18. Emily Kalled Lovell, "Islam in the United States: Past and Present," in The Muslim Community in North America, eds. Earle Waugh, Baha Abu-Laban and Regula Qureshi (Edmonton:University of Alberta, 1987), 105.
19. See the example given by Mohommed Muqtedar Khan, "Muslims and Identity Politics in America," in Muslims on the Americanization Path? eds. Yvonne Haddad and John Esposito (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1998), 114.
20. Steve Johnson, "Political Activity of Muslims in America," in The Muslims of America, ed. Yvonne Haddad (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 119.
21. See Jane Smith, Islam in America(New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), 164.
22. Yvonne Haddad, "The Impact of the Islamic Revolution in Iran on the Syrian Muslims of Montreal," in The Muslim Community, eds. Earle Waugh, Baha Abu-Laban and Regula Qureshi, 174-77.
23. Yvonne Haddad and Jane Smith, Mission to America: Five Islamic Sectarian Communities in North America (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1993), 166.
24. Yvonne Haddad and Jane Smith, Mission to America, 134-35.
25. Larry Poston, Islamic Da'wah in the West (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 128-29.
26. See Leo Trepp, A History of the Jewish Experience(New Jersey: Behrman House, 1973), 299-316.