Ousting Japanese language schools: Americanization and cultural maintenance in Washington state, 1919-1927

Pacific Northwest Quarterly

Volumn 94, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 140-150

  Asato, Noriko ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 60949470130     PISSN: 00308803     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (66)

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10. McClatchy quoted in Percentage Plans for Restriction of Immigration: Hearings before the United States House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization (Washington, D.C., 1919), 32, 258.
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13. John Isao Nishinoiri, "Japanese Farms in Washington," M.A. thesis (University of Washington, 1926).
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19. Freeman quoted in Percentage Plans for Restriction of Immigration, 220.
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22. Contrary to Murphy's statement, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Abstract of the Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1920 (Washington, D.C., 1923), 104;
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24. Murphy quoted in Percentage Plans for Restriction of Immigration, 73.
25. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Abstract of the Fourteenth Census, 104.
26. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Fourteenth Census, 2:76.
27. Congressional Record, 66th Cong., lst sess., (1919), vol. 58, pt. 4, p. 3292.
28. Seattle Star, Aug. 1, 1919.
29. Star, Aug. 12, 1919.
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36. Daniels, Politics of Prejudice, 68.
37. Bean to Thompson, Aug. 30, 1919, box 2, Attorney General, Alphabetical Correspondence, 1909-40, Record Group AR5-1 -1, Washington State Archives, Olympia.
38. Tacoma News Tribune, Aug. 28, 1919.
39. Japanese Immigration, 1177.
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49. Beikoku Seihokubu Renraku Nihonjinkai, Beikokuseihokubu zairyu Nihonjin hatten ryakushi (An overview of the historical development of Japanese in northwestern America) ([Seattle?], 1923), 41-44.
50. Tacoma Daily Ledger, July 2, 1920.
51. Star, Aug. 5, 1920.
52. Senate Bill 140, 17th sess., 1921, State of Washington Printed Bills of the Legislature (Olympia, [1923]).
53. California's law passed in June 1921. Ofu nippo (Sacramento), June 7, 1921;
54. Ann Halsted, "Sharpened Tongues: The Controversy over the 'Americanization' of Japanese Language Schools in Hawaii, 1919-1927," Ph.D. dissertation (Stanford University, 1989), 97.
55. "Proceedings of Saturday Morning Session, October 16, 1920,"Northwest Journal of Education, Vol. 32 (November 1920), 78.
56. Senate Bill 120, 18th sess., 1923, State of Washington Printed Bills of the Legislature.
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59. Seattle Union Record, Dec. 16, 1920, cited in Kurokawa, 82-83.
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61. R. D. McKenzie, Oriental Exclusion: The Effect of American Immigration Laws, Regulations and Judicial Decisions upon the Chinese and Japanese on the American Pacific Coast (New York, [1927]), 172.
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63. Shotaro Frank Miyamoto, Social Solidarity among the Japanese in Seattle, University of Washington Publications in the Social Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Seattle, 1939), 111.
64. Yakima Nihonjinkai, Yakima heigen Nihonjinshi (The history of the Japanese in the Yakima Valley) (Yakima, Wash., 1935), 145-47.
65. Masako Notoji, "From Graveyard to Baseball: The Quest for Ethnic Identity in the Prewar Japanese Immigrant Community in the Yakima Valley," Japanese Journal of American Studies, No. 3 (1989), 48.
66. Eileen H. Tamura, Americanization, Acculturation, and Ethnic Identity: The Nisei Generation in Hawaii (Urbana, Ill., 1994), 151.