Cisterns, drainage and lavatories in Pompeian houses, casa del granduca (VII.4.56)

Papers of the British School at Rome

Volumn 72, Issue , 2004, Pages

  Sear, Frank ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 60949358725     PISSN: 00682462     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0068246200002695     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. M. Staub Gierow, Casa del Granduca und Casa dei Capitelli Figurati (Häuser in Pompeji 7) (Munich, 1994)
2. P. Allison and F. Sear, Casa della Caccia Antica (Häuser in Pompeji 11) (Munich, 2002)
3. V. Kockel, 'Funde und Forschungen in den Vesuvstädten II', Archäologischer Anzeiger (1986), 501-5
4. J.-P. Descoeudres and F. Sear, 'The Australian Expedition to Pompeii 1978-1986', Rivista di Studi Pompeiani 1 (1987), 11-37
5. J.-P. Descoeudres (ed.), Pompeii Revisited, the Life and Death of a Roman Town (Sydney, 1994)
6. I have been encouraged to publish this material by Dr Gemma Jansen of the Catholic University of Nijmegen, who has studied water systems in Herculaneum and was greatly interested in our work at Pompeii. She was kind enough to read this article and make many helpful suggestions, as well as allowing me to read an article of hers on the water-pipe systems of Pompeii that later appeared in N. de Haan and G.C.M. Jansen (eds), Cura Aquarum in Campania. Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region, Pompeii 1-8 October 1994 (BABesch supplement 4) (Leiden, 1996)
7. Staub Gierow, Casa del Granduca (above, n. 2), 73, dated the atrium of Casa dei Capitelli Figurati to c. 120 BC
8. For evidence of overcrowding in the mid-first century AD, see R. Ling, 'The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii: interim report', Antiquaries Journal 63 (1983), 54: 'It is clear that in our insula, as in many others, pressures on living space were by the mid first century A.D. forcing property owners or their tenants to build upwards where previously they had been able to find sufficient accommodation at ground-floor level'
9. F.L. Bastet and M. de Vos, Il terzo stile pompeiano (Archaeologische Studien van het Nederlands Instituut te Rome IV) (Rome, 1979), 55-6
10. N. Fadda, 'Gli impluvi modanati delle case di Pompei', in B. Andreae and H. Kyrieleis, Neue Forschungen in Pompeji (Recklinghausen, 1975), 165
11. F.M. Avellino, 'Descrizione di una casa disotterata in Pompei nell'anno 1833 etc', Memorie della Regale Accademia Ercolanese di Archeologia 3 (1843), 362
12. G. Jansen, in M.C. van Binnebek and R. de Kind, 'The Casa dell'Atrio Corinzio and the Casa del Sacello di Legno at Herculaneum', Cronache Ercolanesi 26 (1996), 195-8
13. Avellino, 'Descrizione di una casa' (above, n. 17), 386-414, pl. 10
14. Bastet and de Vos, Il terzo stile (above, n. 13), 55-6
15. Such setting-out lines are not uncommon; see A. Claridge, 'Le scanalature delle colonne', in L. Cozza, Tempio di Adriano (Rome, 1982), 27-30
16. A. Maiuri, Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità (1941), 398-404. Paul Arthur's excavations along the west side of the Forum have revealed solid foundations for the travertine colonnade but no evidence for an older tufa colonnade
17. Maiuri, Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità (above, n. 24), 204
18. H. Lauter, 'Zur späthellenistischen Baukunst in Mittelitalien', Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 94 (1979), 416-17
19. According to Jansen 22 lead distribution boxes have been found: G. Jansen, 'Water pipe systems in the houses of Pompeii', in A.O. Koloski-Ostrow (ed.), Water Use and Hydraulics in the Roman City (Archaeological Institute of America Colloquia and Conference Papers 3) (Dubuque (Iowa), 2001), 29-31
20. There is a small fountain jet at the edge of the impluvium of the House of the Silver Wedding in Pompeii: W. Jashemski, The Gardens of Pompeii (New York, 1979), 90-1
21. Jansen, 'Water pipe systems' (above, n. 28), 27-40, has mentioned several other examples of fountains in atria
22. G. Bechi, 'Relazione degli scavi di Pompei da marzo 1834 ad aprile 1835', Real Museo Borbonico 11 (1835), 1-11
23. 10, made by heating together silica, a copper compound (usually malachite), calcium carbonate and natron (A. Lucas and J.R. Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries (London, 1934), 340-1)
24. Pliny also mentions it (Naturalis Historia 33, 57-8). It was transported in pellets between 1 and 1.5 cm long (H. Frost, The Mortar Wreck in Mellieha Bay (London, 1969), 13, 27 and 29), and the smaller kind were used in wall mosaics from the first century BC onwards
25. F.B. Sear, Roman Wall and Vault Mosaics (Römische Mitteilungen Ergänzungsheft 23) (Heidelberg, 1977), 22
26. For these materials, see F. Sear, 'Frammenti di mosaico dalla Villa «dei Centroni»', Atti della Pontificia Accademia Romana di Archeologia. Rendiconti 45 (1972-3), 29-35
27. F. Sear, 'The earliest wall mosaics in Italy', Papers of the British School at Rome 43 (1975), 83-97
28. E. Pernice, Hellenistische Tische (Berlin, 1932), 33, Taf. 22.1
29. Dr Jansen no longer believes in the continual flush toilet, as described in 'Water systems and sanitation in the houses of Herculaneum', Mededelingen van het Nederlands Instituut te Rome (Antiquity) 50 (1991), 156. She points to similar water-pipes in Casa del Fauno and Casa delle Nozze d'Argento. In the latter case the water fed the bronze sponge basin
30. For an illustration of such a toilet and the step in front of it, see Jansen, 'Water systems' (above, n. 39), fig. 16
31. See also G. Jansen, 'Private toilets at Pompeii: appearance and operation', in S.E. Bon and R. Jones (eds), Sequence and Space in Pompeii (Oxford, 1997), 121-34
32. For a photograph of these waterspouts in operation, see Jansen, 'Water systems' (above, n. 39), 149, fig. 5
33. A. Wilson, 'Running water and social status', in M. Horton and T. Wiedemann (eds), North Africa from Antiquity to Islam (Centre for Mediterranean Studies Occasional Paper) (Bristol, 1995), 52-6
34. Sear, Roman Wall and Vault Mosaics (above, n. 33), 23-4
35. H. Eschebach, 'Die Gebrauchswasserversorgung des antiken Pompeji', Antike Welt (1979), 15, fig. 22