Our leschi: The making of a martyr

Pacific Northwest Quarterly

Volumn 95, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 26-36

  Olson, Alexander ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

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EID: 60949319234     PISSN: 00308803     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Ezra Meeker, Pioneer Reminiscences of Paget Sound: The Tragedy of Leschi (Seattle, 1905).
2. The Tragedy of Leschi ([Seattle], 1980).
3. Hazard Stevens, The Life of Isaac Ingalls Stevens (Boston, 1900), 1:273.
4. Puget Sound Courier (Steilacoom), Oct. 19, 1855.
5. Olympia Pioneer and Democrat, Feb. 15, 1856 (1st qtn.), and Oct. 26, 1855 (last qtn.).
6. Columbian (Olympia), Sept. 25, 1852.
7. William L. Lang, Confederacy of Ambition: William Winlock Miller and the Making of Washington Territory (Seattle, 1996).
8. U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, "Record of the Proceedings of the Commission to Hold Treaties with the Indian Tribes in Washington Territory and the Blackfoot Country, December 7, 1854-March 3, 1855," reel 26
9. Meeker, Pioneer Reminiscences, 219.
10. Alexandra Harmon, Indians in the Making: Ethnic Relations and Indian Identities around Puget Sound (Berkeley, 1998), 88.
11. Peter Butler, William F. Tolmie, and William Legg in "United States vs. Charles Wren, Lyon A. Smith, and John McLeod," 34th Cong., 3d sess., 1857, S.E. Doc. 41, pp. 24-28 (Serial 881).
12. Pioneer and Democrat, April 11, 1856.
13. Isaac Stevens, "Vindication of Gov. Stevens," 34th Cong., 1st sess., 1856, S.E. Doc. 98., p. 10 (Serial 823).
14. "United States vs. Charles Wren, Lyon A. Smith, and John McLeod," 28.
15. Swan quoted in "#140 Territory vs. Leschi," p. 67,
16. Stevens quoted in Charles M. Gates, Messages of the Governors of the Territory of Washington to the Legislative Assembly, 1854-1889 (Seattle, 1940), 27.
17. Harry L. Watson, Liberty and Power: The Politics of Jacksonian America (New York, 1990).
18. "Memorial of the Legislature of Washington Territory, praying [sic] an appropriation to defray the expenses of the existing war," which was passed on Dec. 17, 1855, in 34th Cong., 1st sess., 1856, H.M. Doc. 64, pp. 1-2 (Serial 866).
19. Chenoweth to William Marcy, June 8, 1856, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 1857, S.E. Doc. 41, p. 45 (Serial 881).
20. "Proceedings of a meeting of the bar, third judicial district, Washington Territory, on the arrest of the honorable Edward Lander, chief justice of said Territory. . . . " in 34th Cong., 3d sess., 1857, S.E. Doc. 47, p. 9 (Serial 881).
21. Richard White, "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West (Norman, Okla., 1991), 155-70.
22. Swan to the editor of the Pioneer and Democrat, Dec. 22, 1856.
23. James Gilchrist Swan, Letters (n.p., [1856-69]), Special Collections, UW Libraries.
24. W. A. Katz, "Public Printers of Washington Territory, 1853-1863," PNQ, Vol.51 (1960), 105-110.
25. Stevens to Wright, June 18, 1856, p. 169,
26. [Isaac Stevens], Message of the Governor of Washington Territory. . . . (Olympia, 1857)
27. Erasmus D. Keyes in Fifty Years' Observation of Men and Events Civil and Military (New York, 1884), 276.
28. Stevens to Wright, Oct. 4, 1856, in [Isaac Stevens], Message of the Governor, 171.
29. Tolmie to Fayette McMullin, Jan. 12, 1858,
30. Leschi case file, 63.
31. Stevens to George Manypenny, May 31, 1856, in Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Accompanying the Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior, For the Year 1856 (Washington, D.C., 1857), 185.
32. Steilacoom Truth Teller, Feb. 25, 1858.
33. Pioneer and Democrat, March 20, 1857.
34. Truth Teller, Feb. 3, 1858.
35. Washington State Supreme Court, Washington Territory Reports: Cases Determined in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Washington, 1854-1888 (Seattle, 1906), 1:28.
36. Fayette McMullin, Territorial Governors' Papers.
37. Pioneer and Democrat, Jan. 29, 1858.
38. August V. Kautz, Daily Journal, 1857-1861,
39. Annual Proceedings of the Washington Press Association for the years 1887, '88, '89, '90, including the Constitution and By-Laws (Hoquiam.Wash., 1891), 26.
40. John McClelland, Jr., Window to the Past: The Washington State Historical Society's First Century (Tacoma, Wash., 1992), 64.
41. Albert Furtwangler, Answering Chief Seattle (Seattle, 1997), 17.
42. Jerry Clark, "Thus Spoke Chief Seattle: The Story of an Undocumented Speech," Prologue: The Journal of the National Archives, Vol 17 (1985), 64.
43. William Elmendorf, Twana Narratives: Native Historical Accounts of a Coast Salish Culture (Seattle, 1993), 154 (1st qtn.), 156 (last qtn.).
44. Meeker, Pioneer Reminiscences, 212,446;
45. Delia Gould Emmons, Leschi of the Nisquallies (Minneapolis, [1965]), 411.
46. Anne Kaylene, Judicially Murdered (Scappoose, Oreg., 1999).
47. Bruce Le Roy, "A Few Remarks on Chief Leschi at the Dedication of the Memorial to Him at Thunderbird Center, Steilacoom Boulevard, April 15,1964," BIO LES #5 folder, Indian Miscellaneous Collection, Washington State Historical Society Research Center, Tacoma.
48. Ralph Chaplin, Only the Drums Remembered, a Memento for Leschi (Tacoma, 1960), 14.
49. Cecelia Svinth Carpenter, "Leschi, Last Chief of the Nisquallies," Pacific Northwest Forum, Vol. 1 (1976), 4-11;
50. idem, They Walked Before: The Indians of Washington State, Ethnic History Series 5 (Tacoma, 1977), 29 (qtn.).
51. Charles Wilkinson, Messages from Frank's Landing: A Story of Salmon, Treaties, and the Indian Way (Seattle, 2000), 18.