Dark Age Aeolian colonists: Evidence for ancestral relations with their colonial territories

Revue des Etudes Anciennes

Volumn 109, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 541-557

  Demir, Muzaffer ^a  

^a MUGLA SITKI KOCMAN UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 60949291692     PISSN: 00352004     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. W.M. RAMSAY, « Contributions to the History of Southern Aiolis », JHS 2, 1881, p. 44-54, 271-308
2. G. HIRSCHFELD, s.v. Aiolis in Paulys Realencyclopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft I, 1, 1893, c. 1035-1036
3. G. BUSOLT, Griechische Geschichte bis zur Schlacht bei Chaeroneia I, Gotha 1893, p. 272-276
4. F. CASSOLA, La Ionia nel mondo miceneo, Naples 1957, p. 119-120
5. J. BÉRARD, « La migration éolionne », RA, 1959, p. 1-28
6. M.B. SAKELLARIOU, La migration grecque en Ionie, Athènes 1958, p. 4-5
7. J.M. COOK, The Cambridge Ancient History, II, 38 : Greek settlements in the Eastern Aegean and Asia Minor, rev. ed., Cambridge 1975, p. 776-782
8. E. KIRSTEN, s.v. Aiolis in Der Kleine Pauly, 1979, c. 180-182
9. J.N. COLDSTREAM, Geometric Greece, London 1979, p. 262-264
10. L.H. JEFFERY, Archaic Greece : The City States c.700-500 B.C., London 1976, p. 237-243
11. 3, p. 130-132, 138-139
12. J. VANSCHOONWINKEL, L'Egée et la Méditerranée orientale à la fin du deuxième millénaire : Témoignages archéologiques et sources écrites, Louvain-la-Neuve 1991, p. 405-421
13. For the inscription and comments see D.W.S. HUNT, « Feudal survivals in Ionia », JHS 67, 1947, p. 68-76
14. T.B.L. WEBSTER, From Mycenae to Homer : A Study in Early Greek Literature and Art, London 1964, p. 151
15. J.M. BALCER, Sparda by the Bitter Sea : Imperial Interaction in Western Anatolia, Brown University 1984, p. 64, 211
16. For the detailed analysis of the three separate waves of Aeolian colonisation, see M. DEMIR, « Making Sense of the Myths behind Aeolian Colonisation », Muǧla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 6, 2001, p. 107-143
17. For the attachment of Macar to Lesbos by traditions, also see M. VAN DER KOLF, s.v. Macareus in Paulys Realencyclopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft XIV, 1, 1928, c. 619-620
18. The daughter of Macar whom Lesbus married is said to have been Methymna, see Hesiod, fr. 184 R. MERKELBACH, M.L. WEST (Fragmenta Hesiodea, Oxford 1967)
19. = Diod. V, 81, 3-6
20. For Mycenaean finds in the island, see V. R. d'A. DESBOROUGH, The Last Mycenaeans and Their Successors : An Archaeological Survey, c.1200-c.1000, Oxford 1964, p. 158-160
21. N. SPENCER, « Early Lesbos between East and West : A Grey Area of Aegean Archaeology », BSA 90, 1995, p. 269-306
22. J. CHADWICK, The Mycenaean World, Cambridge 1976, p. 66-67. Therefore, all these may possibly suggest that the pedigree of Tantalus was already existent in the thirteenth century B.C. and may possibly not have been invented later
23. Plato. Euthydemus, 11e
24. Plut. Mor. XXII, 33
25. Plut. Mor. XIII, 11
26. Apollod. Epit. II, 1
27. Ov. Met. IV, 458
28. Hyg. Fab. 82, 83, 155
29. Nonnus. Dionysiaca, I, 146
30. Apollod. Bibl. III, 5, 6
31. Cf. Apollod. Epit. II, 2
32. 3, p. 36-41
33. One of the more recent theories is the one of the historian and archaeologist, P. JAMES. In his book (The Sunken Kingdom, Atlantis Mystery Solved, London 1995, Part III), he claims that Atlantis was the city of Tantalis on Mount Sipylus, called after king Tantalus similar to Atlas. He came to Manisa and actually documented these historical places of the city, as mentioned by Pausanias
34. Strabo I, 3, 17. Also see Arist. Mete. II, 8
35. See Plin. HN II, 93. Pliny also states that Sipylus disappeared and Archaiopolis took its place. Archaiopolis also perished, and was replaced by Colpe and afterwards the city of Libade was established over Colpe. This implies that there often happened earthquakes in this region
36. Eusebius (83 F 53b-i) reports that a certain Mida ruled in Phyrgia in around 1310/9 B.C. This Mida is accepted as the first Midas of Phrygia, which would imply that Phrygians had already started to rule in Asia Minor in the second half of the fourteenth century B.C. For the sources, see E. BOSSERT, Die Keramik Phrygischer Zeit von Boǧazköy, Mainz am Rhein 1941, p. 159
37. According to Parian Marble, this occurred in a period right before 1326 B.C. See E. BICKERMAN, Chronology of the Ancient World, Ithaca 1968, p. 87-89
38. Bacchyl. Odes. 8, 125
39. Andr. 194, 291, 363, 455, 1040
40. As mentioned above, the Tantalids had also had connections with the legendary dynasty of Lydia. Also see Paus. V, 1, 6
41. Pid. Ol. I, 20
42. However, ancient writers like Herodot and Nicolaus of Damascus do not count them among the three dynasties of Lydia. It is also claimed that Tantalus was a Hittite prince, Tua-ti, the son of king Mutallu, who reigned ca. 1300 B.C. See G. POISSON, « Tantale, roi des Hittites », RA 22.5, 1925, p. 75-94
43. E. HALL, Inventing the Barbarian, Oxford 1989, p. 38-39
44. M.F. BURNYEAT et al., Euripidean Polemic : the Trojan Women and the Function of Tragedy, Cambridge 1994, p. 104-106
45. Isoc. Helen. X, 67
46. Plato, Menex. 245d
47. Pind. Ol. I, 25 ff., 55, 70, 114 ff.
48. Apollod. Epit. I, 2
49. Apollod. Bibl. II, 4, 4-6
50. Scholiast in Pind. Nem. X, 114
51. Ov. Met. VI, 404
52. Hyg. Fab. 14, 82-85
53. Nonnus, Dionysiaca, XVIII, 27
54. Ael. VH XII, 36
55. Plut. Thes. 3, 1
56. Cic. Nat.D. III, 27, 68
57. Ovid. Ars am. I, 327
58. For translation see F. SOMMER, Die Ahhiyava-Urkunden, Munich 1932, p. 309
59. T.R. BRYCE, « Ahhiyawans and Mycenaeans - An Anatolian Viewpoint », OJA 8, 1989, p. 299
60. For translation see F. SOMMER, ibid., p. 268
61. translated in J. GARSTANG, O.R. GURNEY, The Geography of the Hittite Empire, London 1959, p. 93-94
62. J.D. HAWKINS, « Tarkasnawa King of Mira : 'Tarkondemos', Boǧazköy sealings and Karabel », AS 48, 1998, p. 14
63. The view that Ahhiyawa must be either the whole or some part of Mycenaean territory has over the years been strongly and persuasively argued. See F.H. STUBBINGS, Mycenaean Pottery from the Levant, Cambridge 1951, p. 110 ff.
64. G.L. HUXLEY, Achaeans and Hittites, Oxford 1960, p. 15 ff.
65. O.R. GURNEY, The Hittites, Baltimore 1961, p. 46 ff.
66. H.G. GÜTERBOCH, « The Ahhiyawa Problem Reconsidered », AJA 87, 1983, p. 133-138
67. « Hittites and Akhaeans : a New Look », PAPS 128, 1984, p. 114-122
68. « Troy in Hittite Texts ? Wilusa, Ahhiyawa and Hittite History » in M.J. MELLINK ed., Troy and the Trojan War, Bryn Mawr 1986, p. 33-44
69. M. WOOD, In Search of the Trojan War, London 1985, p. 69-209
70. T.R. BRYCE, « The Nature of Mycenaean Involvement in Western Anatolia », Historia 38, 1989, p. 1-21
71. E.H. CLINE, Sailing the Wine-Dark Sea : International Trade and the Late Bronze Age Aegean, Oxford 1994, p. 69
72. E. FRENCH, « Who were the Mycenaeans in Anatolia ? » in Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Ankara 1978, p. 165-170
73. M.J. MELLINK, « Archaeological Comments on Ahhiyawa-Achaians in Western Anatolia », AJA 87, 1983, p. 138-141
74. C. ÖZGÜNEL, « Bati Anadolu İçerlerinde Miken Etkinlikleri », Belleten 47, 1983, p. 697-743
75. Y. ERSOY, « Finds from Menemen-Panaztepe in the Manisa Museum », ABSA 83, 1988, p. 55-82
76. R. MERİÇ, « 1984 yili İzmir ve Manisa İlleri Yüzey Araştirmalari », III. Araştirma Sonuçlari Toplantisi, Ankara 1989, p. 199
77. P.A. MOUNTJOY, « The East Aegean-West Anatolian Interface in the Late Bronze Age : Mycenaeans and the Kingdom of Ahhiyawa », AS 48, 1998, p. 33-67
78. and M.J. MELLINK, « Proscript » in M.J. MELLINK ed., Troy and the Trojan War, Bryn Mawr 1986, p. 96-97
79. I. SINGER, « Western Anatolia in the Thirteenth Century B.C. According to the Hittite Sources », AS 33, 1983, p. 209-210
80. T.R. BRYCE, « A Reinterpretation of the Milawata Letter in the Light of the New Join Piece », AS 35, 1985, p. 16
81. M. KORFMANN, « Beşik Tepe : New Evidence For the Period of Trojan Sixth and Seventh Settlements » in M.J. MELLINK ed., Troy and the Trojan War, Bryn Mawr 1986, p. 25-26
82. ultimately placed it a generation or so earlier, C. PODZUWEIT (« Die mykenische Welt und Troja » in B. HÄNSEL ed., Südosteuropa zwischen 1600 und 1000 v. Chr., Berlin 1982, p. 65-88) has recently suggested that it should be set a good deal later (ca. 1230-1180 B.C.)
83. Paus. V, 13, 4-6. There are also some Latin sources in which Pelops' descendants are connected with the war against the Trojans which is included in Phrygia. See Catull. Carmina, LXIV, 305
84. and Verg. Aen. II, 145
85. For the war in Mysia also see Apollod. Epit. III, 17
86. Philost. Her. III, 28-36
87. Dictys Cretensis. Bellum Troianum. II, 1-7
88. Poseidon epithet here points to Mount Helicon in Boeotia. See H. T. WADE-GERY, Poet of the Iliad, London 1952, p. 64. It is likely that there were Boeotians and Thebans in Melie as well as in Priene nearby