메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 3-35

An exploratory study of copper and iron production at Marothodi, an early 19th century Tswana town, Rustenburg district, South Africa

Author keywords

Copper; Furnace; Iron; Mining; Nickel; Ore; Refining; Slag; Smelting; Tin; Tswana

Indexed keywords


EID: 60949186301     PISSN: 16121651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3213/1612-1651-10061     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (41)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 33444468455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Late Iron Age sequence in the Marico and early Tswana history
    • Boeyens, J.C.A. 2003. The Late Iron Age sequence in the Marico and early Tswana history. South African Archaeological Bulletin 58, 63-78
    • (2003) South African Archaeological Bulletin , vol.58 , pp. 63-78
    • Boeyens, J.C.A.1
  • 5
    • 0010577805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metals, ideology and power: The manufacture and control of materialised ideology in the area of the Limpopo-Shashe confluence
    • Calabrese, J. 2000. Metals, ideology and power: The manufacture and control of materialised ideology in the area of the Limpopo-Shashe confluence. South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series 8, 100-111
    • (2000) South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series , vol.8 , pp. 100-111
    • Calabrese, J.1
  • 8
    • 84951397093 scopus 로고
    • History of the Batlokwa of Gaborones (Bechuanaland Protectorate)
    • Ellenberger V. 1939. History of the Batlokwa of Gaborones (Bechuanaland Protectorate). Bantu Studies 13 (3), 165-198
    • (1939) Bantu Studies , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 165-198
    • Ellenberger, V.1
  • 10
    • 62449163359 scopus 로고
    • Iron Age smelting furnaces in the Western/Central Transvaal - their structure, typology and affinities
    • Friede, H. & Steel, R. 1985. Iron Age smelting furnaces in the Western/Central Transvaal - their structure, typology and affinities. South African Archaeological Bulletin 40, 45-49
    • (1985) South African Archaeological Bulletin , vol.40 , pp. 45-49
    • Friede, H.1    Steel, R.2
  • 11
    • 63649103019 scopus 로고
    • Notes on an iron-smelting pit furnace found at Bultfontein Iron Age site 41/85 (Central Transvaal) and on general features of pit furnaces
    • Friede, H. & Steel, R. 1988. Notes on an iron-smelting pit furnace found at Bultfontein Iron Age site 41/85 (Central Transvaal) and on general features of pit furnaces. South African Archaeological Bulletin 43, 38-42
    • (1988) South African Archaeological Bulletin , vol.43 , pp. 38-42
    • Friede, H.1    Steel, R.2
  • 12
    • 4444323963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of Early Iron Age metal production in southern Africa: Metal working remains at Ndondondwane, South Africa
    • Greenfield, H. & Miller, D. 2004. Spatial patterns of Early Iron Age metal production in southern Africa: Metal working remains at Ndondondwane, South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 31, 1511-1532
    • (2004) Journal of Archaeological Science , vol.31 , pp. 1511-1532
    • Greenfield, H.1    Miller, D.2
  • 15
    • 0022824081 scopus 로고
    • Archaeological evidence and conventional explanations of southern Bantu settlement patterns
    • Huffman. T.N. 1986. Archaeological evidence and conventional explanations of southern Bantu settlement patterns. Africa 56, 280-298
    • (1986) Africa , vol.56 , pp. 280-298
    • Huffman, T.N.1
  • 16
    • 0025528842 scopus 로고
    • Broederstroom and the origins of cattlekeeping in southern Africa
    • Huffman, T.N. 1990. Broederstroom and the origins of cattlekeeping in southern Africa. African Studies 49 (2), 1-12
    • (1990) African Studies , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-12
    • Huffman, T.N.1
  • 17
    • 0030424617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaeological evidence for climatic change during the last 2000 years in southern Africa
    • Huffman, T.N. 1996. Archaeological evidence for climatic change during the last 2000 years in southern Africa. Quaternary International 33, 55-60
    • (1996) Quaternary International , vol.33 , pp. 55-60
    • Huffman, T.N.1
  • 19
    • 0002350351 scopus 로고
    • Phase diagrams
    • Springorum, D, ed, 2nd edition. Verlag Stahleisen, Düsseldorf, p
    • Kowalski, M., Spencer, P.J. & Neuschütz, D. 1995. Phase diagrams. In: Springorum, D. (ed.), Slag Atlas. 2nd edition. Verlag Stahleisen, Düsseldorf, p.142
    • (1995) Slag Atlas , pp. 142
    • Kowalski, M.1    Spencer, P.J.2    Neuschütz, D.3
  • 20
    • 0022861918 scopus 로고
    • Melting points and viscosities of ancient slags: A discussion
    • Kresten, P. 1986. Melting points and viscosities of ancient slags: a discussion. Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Society 20, 43-45
    • (1986) Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Society , vol.20 , pp. 43-45
    • Kresten, P.1
  • 23
    • 85038680990 scopus 로고
    • Colburn, London, Reprinted 1930, Van Riebeeck Society, Cape Town
    • Lichtenstein, H. 1815. Travels in Southern Africa. Vol. 2. Colburn, London. (Reprinted 1930, Van Riebeeck Society, Cape Town)
    • (1815) Travels in Southern Africa , vol.2
    • Lichtenstein, H.1
  • 24
    • 0020151222 scopus 로고
    • The physical chemistry of copper smelting slags - A review
    • Mackey, P.J. 1982. The physical chemistry of copper smelting slags - A review. Canadian Metallurgy Quarterly 21, 221-259
    • (1982) Canadian Metallurgy Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 221-259
    • Mackey, P.J.1
  • 25
    • 63649090567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict on the western Highveld/southern Kalahari
    • c, Hamilton, C, ed, Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg, pp
    • Manson, A. 1996. Conflict on the western Highveld/southern Kalahari, c. 1750-1820. In: Hamilton, C. (ed.), The Mfecane Aftermath. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg, pp. 322-249
    • (1996) The Mfecane Aftermath , vol.1750-1820 , pp. 322-249
    • Manson, A.1
  • 26
  • 27
    • 0020129870 scopus 로고
    • Prehistoric mining in South Africa and Iron Age copper mines in the Dwarsberg, Transvaal
    • Mason, R.J. 1982. Prehistoric mining in South Africa and Iron Age copper mines in the Dwarsberg, Transvaal. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 82, 135-142
    • (1982) Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy , vol.82 , pp. 135-142
    • Mason, R.J.1
  • 28
    • 63649140924 scopus 로고
    • Origins of the Black People of Johannesburg and the Southern, Western and Central Transvaal AD 350-1880
    • Johannesburg
    • Mason, R.J. 1986. Origins of the Black People of Johannesburg and the Southern, Western and Central Transvaal AD 350-1880. University of the Witwatersrand Archaeological Research Unit Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg
    • (1986) University of the Witwatersrand Archaeological Research Unit Occasional Paper , vol.16
    • Mason, R.J.1
  • 29
    • 0012771306 scopus 로고
    • Experimental reconstruction of Bronze Age copper smelting based on archaeological evidence from Timna
    • Rothenberg, B, ed, University College London, London, pp
    • Merkel, J.F. 1990. Experimental reconstruction of Bronze Age copper smelting based on archaeological evidence from Timna. In: Rothenberg, B. (ed.), The Ancient Metallurgy of Copper. University College London, London, pp. 78-122
    • (1990) The Ancient Metallurgy of Copper , pp. 78-122
    • Merkel, J.F.1
  • 30
    • 0010578675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal assemblages from the Greefswald areas: K2, Mapungubwe Hill and Mapungubwe Southern Terrace
    • Miller, D. 2001. Metal assemblages from the Greefswald areas: K2, Mapungubwe Hill and Mapungubwe Southern Terrace. South African Archaeological Bulletin 56, 83-103
    • (2001) South African Archaeological Bulletin , vol.56 , pp. 83-103
    • Miller, D.1
  • 31
    • 0036787318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smelter and smith: Metal fabrication technology in the southern African Early and Late Iron Age
    • Miller, D. 2002. Smelter and smith: Metal fabrication technology in the southern African Early and Late Iron Age. Journal of Archaeological Science 29, 1083-1131
    • (2002) Journal of Archaeological Science , vol.29 , pp. 1083-1131
    • Miller, D.1
  • 32
    • 0010577806 scopus 로고
    • Metallurgical analyses of slags, ores and metal artefacts from archaeological sites in the North-West Province and Northern Transvaal
    • Miller, D., Boeyens, J.C.A. & Küsel, U. 1995. Metallurgical analyses of slags, ores and metal artefacts from archaeological sites in the North-West Province and Northern Transvaal. South African Archaeological Bulletin 50, 39-46
    • (1995) South African Archaeological Bulletin , vol.50 , pp. 39-46
    • Miller, D.1    Boeyens, J.C.A.2    Küsel, U.3
  • 33
    • 33846229392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slag identification at southern African archaeological sites
    • Miller, D. & Killick, D. 2004. Slag identification at southern African archaeological sites. Journal of African Archaeology 2 (1), 23-47
    • (2004) Journal of African Archaeology , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-47
    • Miller, D.1    Killick, D.2
  • 34
  • 35
    • 11044226465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An historical account of bloomery iron smelting in the Lowveld, South Africa
    • Miller, D., Mulaudzi, M. & Killick, D. 2002. An historical account of bloomery iron smelting in the Lowveld, South Africa. Historical Metallurgy 36, 112-121
    • (2002) Historical Metallurgy , vol.36 , pp. 112-121
    • Miller, D.1    Mulaudzi, M.2    Killick, D.3
  • 36
    • 0010546707 scopus 로고
    • Early Iron Age metal working from the site of KwaGandaganda, Natal, South Africa
    • Miller, D. & Whitelaw, G. 1994. Early Iron Age metal working from the site of KwaGandaganda, Natal, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin 49, 79-89
    • (1994) South African Archaeological Bulletin , vol.49 , pp. 79-89
    • Miller, D.1    Whitelaw, G.2
  • 37
    • 0003991572 scopus 로고
    • J.L. Van Schaik, Pretoria
    • Mönnig, H.O. 1967. The Pedi. J.L. Van Schaik, Pretoria
    • (1967) The Pedi
    • Mönnig, H.O.1
  • 39
    • 85038707458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prelude to the difaqane in the interior c. 1600-c. 1822
    • In: Hamilton, C. (ed.) Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg
    • Parsons, N. 1996. Prelude to the difaqane in the interior c. 1600-c. 1822. In: Hamilton, C. (ed.), The Mfecane Aftermath. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg, pp. 332-349
    • (1996) The Mfecane Aftermath , pp. 332-349
    • Parsons, N.1
  • 42
    • 2442513710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sibling rivalry? The intersection of archaeology and history
    • Robertshaw, P. 2000. Sibling rivalry? The intersection of archaeology and history. History in Africa 27, 261-286
    • (2000) History in Africa , vol.27 , pp. 261-286
    • Robertshaw, P.1
  • 43
    • 85191431141 scopus 로고
    • Traditional economic systems
    • Hammond-Tooke, W.D, ed, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, pp
    • Sansom, B. 1974. Traditional economic systems. In: Hammond-Tooke, W.D. (ed.), The Bantu-Speaking Peoples of Southern Africa. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, pp. 135-176
    • (1974) The Bantu-Speaking Peoples of Southern Africa , pp. 135-176
    • Sansom, B.1
  • 44
    • 80054388972 scopus 로고
    • International African Institute, London
    • Schapera, I. 1953. The Tswana. International African Institute, London
    • (1953) The Tswana
    • Schapera, I.1
  • 46
    • 8344278408 scopus 로고
    • The Nickel-Copper Occurrence in the Bushveld Igneous Complex West of the Pilandsbergen
    • Government Printer, Pretoria
    • Schwellnus, C.M. 1935. The Nickel-Copper Occurrence in the Bushveld Igneous Complex West of the Pilandsbergen. Geological Series Bulletin No. 5. Government Printer, Pretoria
    • (1935) Geological Series Bulletin , vol.5
    • Schwellnus, C.M.1
  • 48
    • 0009871158 scopus 로고
    • Historians, are archaeologists your siblings?
    • Vansina, J. 1995. Historians, are archaeologists your siblings? History in Africa 22, 369-408
    • (1995) History in Africa , vol.22 , pp. 369-408
    • Vansina, J.1
  • 50
    • 0003369929 scopus 로고
    • Magmatic Nickel Deposits of the Bushveld Complex in the Rustenburg District, Transvaal
    • Government Printer, Pretoria
    • Wagner, P.A. 1924. Magmatic Nickel Deposits of the Bushveld Complex in the Rustenburg District, Transvaal. Geological Survey Memoir No. 21. Government Printer, Pretoria
    • (1924) Geological Survey Memoir , Issue.21
    • Wagner, P.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.