Boundary layer, cloud, and drizzle variability in the southeast Pacific stratocumulos regime

Journal of Climate

Volumn 21, Issue 23, 2008, Pages 6191-6214

  Serpetzoglou, Efthymois ^a,d   Albrecht, Bruce A ^a   Kollias, Pavlos ^b   Fairall, Christopher W ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^d INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY   (Greece)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AERODYNAMICS; CLOUDS; METEOROLOGY; REMOTE SENSING; SHIPS; SOLIDS;

BOUNDARY LAYER CLOUDS; BOUNDARY LAYER STRUCTURES; CLIMATE STUDIES; DATA SETS; EARTH'S CLIMATES; EAST PACIFIC INVESTIGATION OF CLIMATES; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; IN-SITU; OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES; REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS; RESEARCH VESSELS; SHARP TRANSITIONS; STATISTICAL EVALUATIONS; SYNOPTIC CONDITIONS; VARIABLE CONDITIONS;

BOUNDARY LAYERS;

ALBEDO; BOUNDARY LAYER; CLOUD; DIURNAL ACTIVITY; DRIZZLE; REMOTE SENSING; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STRATOCUMULUS;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (SOUTH);

EID: 60749087081     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2186.1     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Albrecht, B. A., 1989: Aerosols, cloud microphysics and fractional cloudiness. Science, 245, 1227-1230.
2. Albrecht, B. A., D. A. Randall, and S. Nicholls, 1988: Observations of marine stratocumulus during FIRE. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 69, 618-626.
3. Albrecht, B. A., M. P. Jensen, and W. J. Syrett, 1995a: Marine boundary layer structure and fractional cloudiness. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14 209-14 222.
4. Albrecht, B. A., C. S. Bretherton, D. Johnson, W. H. Schubert, and A. S. Frisch, 1995b: The Atlantic stratocumulus transition experiment - ASTEX. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 889-904.
5. Bolton, D., 1980: The computation of equivalent potential temperature. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1046-1053.
6. Bougeault, P., 1985: The diurnal cycle of the marine stratocumulus layer: A higher-order model study. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2826-2843.
7. Bretherton, C. S., and M. C. Wyant, 1997: Moisture transport, lower-tropospheric stability, and decoupling of cloud-topped marine boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 148-167.
8. Bretherton, C. S., and Coauthors, 2004: The EPIC 2001 stratocumulus study. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 967-977.
9. Clothiaux, E. E., M. A. Miller, B. A. Albrecht, T. P. Ackerman, J. Verlinde, D. M. Babb, R. M. Peters, and W. J. Syrett, 1995: An evaluation of a 94-GHz radar for remote sensing of cloud properties. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 201-229.
10. Comstock, K. K., C. S. Bretherton, and S. E. Yuter, 2005: Mesoscale variability and drizzle in southeast Pacific stratocumulus. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3792-3807.
11. de Szoeke, S. P., and C. S. Bretherton, 2005: Variability in the southerly flow into the eastern Pacific ITCZ. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 4400-4411.
12. Fairall, C. W., A. B. White, J. B. Edson, and J. E. Hare, 1997: Integrated shipboard measurements of the marine boundary layer. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 338-359.
13. Fairall, C. W., E. F. Bradley, J. E. Hare, A. A. Grachev, and J. B. Edson, 2003: Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes: Updates and verification for the COARE algorithm. J. Climate, 16, 571-591.
14. Frisch, A. S., C. W. Fairall, and J. B. Snider, 1995: Measurement of stratus cloud and drizzle parameters in ASTEX with a -band Doppler radar and microwave radiometer. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2788-2799.
15. Garreaud, R. D., and R. Munoz, 2004: The diurnal cycle in circulation and cloudiness over the subtropical southeast Pacific: A modeling study. J. Climate, 17, 1699-1710.
16. Garreaud, R. D., and Muños, 2005: The low-level jet off the west coast of subtropical South America: Structure and variability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 2246-2261.
17. Garreaud, R. D., J. Rutllant, J. Quintana, J. Carrasco, and P. Minnis, 2001: CIMAR-5: A snapshot of the lower troposphere over the subtropical southeast Pacific. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 2193-2207.
18. Klein, S. A., and D. L. Hartmann, 1993: The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J. Climate, 6, 1587-1606.
19. Kollias, P., and B. A. Albrecht, 2000: The turbulence structure in a continental stratocumulus cloud from millimeter-wavelength radar observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2417-2434.
20. Kollias, P., C. W. Fairall, P. Zuidema, J. Tomlinson, and G. A. Wick, 2004: Observations of marine stratocumulus in SE Pacific during the PACS 2003 cruise. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L22110, doi:10.1029/ 2004GL020751.
21. Li, T., and S. G. H. Philander, 1996: On the annual cycle of the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 9, 2986-2998.
22. Miller, M. A., and B. A. Albrecht, 1995: Surface-based observations of mesoscale cumulus-stratocumulus interaction during ASTEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2809-2826.
23. Minnis, P., P. W. Heck, D. F. Young, C. W. Fairall, and J. B. Snider, 1992: Stratocumulus cloud properties derived from simultaneous satellite and island-based instrumentation during FIRE. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 317-339.
24. Nicholls, S., 1984: The dynamics of stratocumulus: Aircraft observations and comparisons with a mixed-layer model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 783-820.
25. Philander, S. G. H., D. Gu, D. Halpern, G. Lambert, N. C. Lau, T. Li, and R. C. Pacanowski, 1996: Why the ITCZ is mostly north of the equator. J. Climate, 9, 2958-2972.
26. Pyatt, H. E., B. A. Albrecht, C. Fairall, J. E. Hare, N. Bond, P. Minnis, and J. K. Ayers, 2005: Evolution of marine atmospheric boundary layer structure across the cold tongue-ITCZ complex. J. Climate, 18, 737-753.
27. Ramanathan, V., R. D. Cess, E. F. Harrison, P. Minnis, B. R. Barkstrom, E. Ahmad, and D. Hartmann, 1989: Cloudradiative forcing and climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. Science, 243, 57-63.
28. Randall, D. A., J. A. Coakley Jr., D. H. Lenschow, C. W. Fairall, and R. A. Kropfli, 1984: Outlook for research on subtropical marine stratiform clouds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 65, 1290-1301.
29. Rutllant, J., 1993: Coastal lows and associated southerly winds in north-central Chile. Preprints, Fourth Int. Conf. on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology, Hobart, Australia, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 268-269.
30. Serpetzoglou, E., C. W. Fairall, D. E. Wolfe, V. P. Ghate, I. Jo, B. A. Albrecht, and P. Kollias, 2005: Properties of the SE Pacific stratocumulus using mm-wave radars and other remote sensors. Extended Abstracts, 32nd Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 2R.2. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/ pdfpapers/96599.pdf.]
31. Stevens, B., and Coauthors, 2003: Dynamics and chemistry of marine stratocumulus - DYCOMS-II. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 579-593.
32. Weller, R., 1999: A science and implementation plan for EPIC: An eastern Pacific investigation of climate processes in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. University of Washington, 105 pp. [Available online at http://www.atmos.washington.edu/gcg/EPIC/EPIC_rev.pdf.]
33. Wood, R., and C. S. Bretherton, 2004: Boundary layer depth, entrainment, and decoupling in the cloud-capped subtropical and tropical marine boundary layer. J. Climate, 17, 3576-3588.
34. Wood, R., C. S. Bretherton, and D. L. Hartmann, 2002: Diurnal cycle of liquid water path over the subtropical and tropical oceans. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 2092, doi:10.1029/2002GL015371.
35. Yin, B., and B. A. Albrecht, 2000: Spatial variability of atmospheric boundary layer structure over the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 13, 1574-1592.
36. Zhang, C., M. McGauley, and N. A. Bond, 2004: Shallow meridional circulation in the tropical eastern Pacific. J. Climate, 17, 133-139.
37. Zuidema, P., B. E. Mapes, J. L. Lin, and C. Fairall, 2006: The interaction of clouds and dry air in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 19, 4531-4544.